Immune regulation by glucocorticoids

How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions

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Molecular Mechanisms of Stress-Responsive Changes in Collagen and Elastin Networks in Skin

Aziz, J., Shezali, H., Radzi, Z., Yahya, N. A., Abu Kassim, N. H., Czernuszka, J., & Rahman, M. T. (2016) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000447017 · Cited by 7,323

Factors affecting wound healing

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Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation

Kolaczkowska, E., & Kubes, P. (2013) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3399 · Cited by 5,472

Cytokine-mediated regulation of CXCR4 expression in human neutrophils

Nagase, H., Miyamasu, M., Yamaguchi, M., Imanishi, M., Tsuno, N. H., Matsushima, K., Yamamoto, K., Morita, Y., & Hirai, K. (2002) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.71.4.711 · Cited by 4,713

Macrophage activation and polarization

Martinez, F. O. (2008) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/2692 · Cited by 3,160

Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end

Serhan, C. N., & Savill, J. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1276 · Cited by 2,552

The Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, and Physiology of Human Steroidogenesis and Its Disorders

Miller, W. L., & Auchus, R. J. (2011) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2010-0013 · Cited by 2,458

The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, recent developments and mechanistic insights

Coutinho, A. E., & Chapman, K. E. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005 · Cited by 1,815

Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone.

Weinstein, R. S., Jilka, R. L., Parfitt, A. M., & Manolagas, S. C. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci2799 · Cited by 1,753

Role of Transcriptional Activation of IκBα in Mediation of Immunosuppression by Glucocorticoids

Scheinman, R. I., Cogswell, P. C., Lofquist, A. K., & Baldwin, A. S. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5234.283 · Cited by 1,676

Antitumor promotion and antiinflammation: Down-modulation of AP-1 (Fos/Jun) activity by glucocorticoid hormone

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Crystallographic analysis of the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA

Luisi, B. F., Xu, W. X., Otwinowski, Z., Freedman, L. P., Yamamoto, K. R., & Sigler, P. B. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/352497a0 · Cited by 1,503

Transcription Factor Interactions: Selectors of Positive or Negative Regulation from a Single DNA Element

Diamond, M. I., Miner, J. N., Yoshinaga, S. K., & Yamamoto, K. R. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2119054 · Cited by 1,274

Circadian control of the immune system

Scheiermann, C., Kunisaki, Y., & Frenette, P. S. (2013) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3386 · Cited by 1,135

Physical association and functional antagonism between the p65 subunit of transcription factor NF-kappa B and the glucocorticoid receptor.

Ray, A., & Prefontaine, K. E. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.752 · Cited by 1,064

Chromatin accessibility pre-determines glucocorticoid receptor binding patterns

John, S., Sabo, P. J., Thurman, R. E., Sung, M.-H., Biddie, S. C., Johnson, T. A., Hager, G. L., & Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.759 · Cited by 954

A mechanism for the antiinflammatory effects of corticosteroids: the glucocorticoid receptor regulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.

Cronstein, B. N., Kimmel, S. C., Levin, R. I., Martiniuk, F. T., & Weissmann, G. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.9991 · Cited by 725

Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Disease

Weinstein, R. S. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1012926 · Cited by 711

Dynamic regulatory network controlling TH17 cell differentiation

Yosef, N., Shalek, A. K., Gaublomme, J. T., Jin, H., Lee, Y., Awasthi, A., Wu, C., Karwacz, K., Xiao, S., Jorgolli, M., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11981 · Cited by 682

Functional interactions between Stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor

Stöcklin, E., Wissler, M., Gouilleux, F., & Groner, B. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383726a0 · Cited by 675

Enhancing versus suppressive effects of stress hormones on skin immune function

Dhabhar, F. S., & McEwen, B. S. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.3.1059 · Cited by 672

Glucocorticoids and the Th1/Th2 Balance

Elenkov, I. J. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1321.010 · Cited by 618

Gene profiling reveals unknown enhancing and suppressive actions of glucocorticoids on immune cells

Galon, J., Franchimont, D., Hiroi, N., Frey, G., Boettner, A., Ehrhart-Bornstein, M., O’shea, J. J., Chrousos, G. P., & Bornstein, S. R. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0245com · Cited by 606

Stress-induced redistribution of immune cells–from barracks to boulevards to battlefields: a tale of three hormones–Curt Richter Award winner

Dhabhar, F. S., Malarkey, W. B., Neri, E., & McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.05.008 · Cited by 589

Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of T cell growth factor production. I. The effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.

Gillis, S. A., Crabtree, R. H., & Smith, K. A. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 561

Widespread negative response elements mediate direct repression by agonist-liganded glucocorticoid receptor

Surjit, M., Ganti, K. P., Mukherji, A., Ye, T., Hua, G., Metzger, D., Li, M., & Chambon, P. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.027 · Cited by 551

Glucocorticoids upregulate FOXP3 expression and regulatory T cells in asthma

Karagiannidis, C., Akdiş, M., Holopainen, P., Woolley, N., Hense, G., Rückert, B., Mantel, P., Menz, G., Akdiş, C. A., Blaser, K., et al. (2004) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.07.014 · Cited by 516

Transcription Factor AP1 Potentiates Chromatin Accessibility and Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding

Biddie, S. C., John, S., Sabo, P. J., Thurman, R. E., Johnson, T. A., Schiltz, R. L., Miranda, T. B., Sung, M.-H., Trump, S., Lightman, S. L., et al. (2011) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.06.016 · Cited by 503

Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial function by glucocorticoids

Du, J., Wang, Y., Hunter, R. G., Wei, Y., Blumenthal, R., Falke, C., Khairova, R. A., Zhou, R., Yuan, P., Machado‐Vieira, R., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812671106 · Cited by 494

Proinflammatory cytokines regulate human glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and lead to the accumulation of the dominant negative β isoform: A mechanism for the generation of glucocorticoid resistance

Webster, J. C., Oakley, R. H., Jewell, C. M., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.121455098 · Cited by 482

Stress-induced augmentation of immune function—The role of stress hormones, leukocyte trafficking, and cytokines

Dhabhar, F. S. (2002) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/s0889-1591(02)00036-3 · Cited by 464

Glucocorticoid-Induced Inhibition of T Cell Growth Factor Production

Gillis, S. A., Crabtree, G. R., & Smith, K. A. (1979) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.123.4.1624 · Cited by 452

Endogenous lipid- and peptide-derived anti-inflammatory pathways generated with glucocorticoid and aspirin treatment activate the lipoxin A4 receptor

Perretti, M., Chiang, N., La, M., Fierro, I. M., Marullo, S., Getting, S. J., Solito, E., & Serhan, C. N. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm786 · Cited by 449

Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis

Weinstein, R. S. (2011) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-011-9580-0 · Cited by 430

Hormone binding globulins undergo serpin conformational change in inflammation

Pemberton, P. A., Stein, P. E., Pepys, M. B., Potter, J. M., & Carrell, R. W. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/336257a0 · Cited by 422

How glucocorticoid receptors modulate the activity of other transcription factors: A scope beyond tethering

Ratman, D., Vanden Berghe, W., Dejager, L., Libert, C., Tavernier, J., Beck, I. M., & De Bosscher, K. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.014 · Cited by 411

Glucocorticoids in T cell apoptosis and function

Herold, M. J., McPherson, K., & Reichardt, H. M. (2005) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-005-5390-y · Cited by 408

Glucocorticoids induce differentiation of a specifically activated, anti-inflammatory subtype of human monocytes

Ehrchen, J. M., Steinmüller, L., Barczyk, K., Tenbrock, K., Nacken, W. K. F., Eisenacher, M., Nordhues, U., Sorg, C., Sunderkötter, C. H., & Roth, J. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-001115 · Cited by 407

Transcriptional cross-talk, the second mode of steroid hormone receptor action

Göttlicher, M., Heck, S., & Herrlich, P. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001090050242 · Cited by 390

TLR recognition of self nucleic acids hampers glucocorticoid activity in lupus

Guiducci, C., Gong, M., Xu, Z., Gill, M. A., Chaussabel, D., Meeker, T., Chan, J. H., Wright, T. B., Punaro, M., Bolland, S. M., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09102 · Cited by 382

Cellular processing of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and protein: New mechanisms for generating tissue-specific actions of glucocorticoids

Oakley, R. H., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r110.179325 · Cited by 373

Cortisol and epinephrine control opposing circadian rhythms in T cell subsets

Dimitrov, S., Benedict, C., Heutling, D., Westermann, J., Born, J., & Lange, T. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-11-190769 · Cited by 368

A DNA sequence of 15 base pairs is sufficient to mediate both glucocorticoid and progesterone induction of gene expression.

Strähle, U., Klock, G., & Schütz, G. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.22.7871 · Cited by 355

Cytokine activation of the HPA axis

DUNN, A. J. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05426.x · Cited by 352

The five rs of glucocorticoid action during inflammation: Ready, reinforce, repress, resolve, and restore

Busillo, J. M., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2013) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.11.005 · Cited by 339

Rapid glucocorticoid effects on immune cells

Buttgereit, F., & Scheffold, A. (2002) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(01)00171-4 · Cited by 318

Prior exposure to glucocorticoids sensitizes the neuroinflammatory and peripheral inflammatory responses to E. coli lipopolysaccharide

Frank, M. G., Miguel, Z. D., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2010) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.07.008 · Cited by 303

Glucocorticoid receptor-cAMP response element-binding protein interaction and the response of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene to glucocorticoids.

Imai, E., Miner, J. N., Mitchell, J. A., Yamamoto, K. R., & Granner, D. K. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53327-5 · Cited by 299

Glucocorticoids promote nonphlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes

Liu, Y., Cousin, J. M., Hughes, J., Van Damme, J., Seckl, J. R., Haslett, C., Dransfield, I., Savill, J., & Rossi, A. G. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.6.3639 · Cited by 299

IκBα‐independent downregulation of NF‐κB activity by glucocorticoid receptor

Heck, S., Bender, K., Kullmann, M., Göttlicher, M., Herrlich, P., & Cato, A. C. B. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.15.4698 · Cited by 291

Calreticulin Is a Receptor for Nuclear Export

Holaska, J. M., Black, B. E., Love, D. C., Hanover, J. A., Leszyk, J., & Paschal, B. M. (2001) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.152.1.127 · Cited by 278

HPA Axis‐Rhythms

Spiga, F., Walker, J. J., Terry, J. R., & Lightman, S. L. (2014) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140003 · Cited by 267

Gene regulation by the glucocorticoid receptor: structure:function relationship

Kumar, R., & Thompson, E. B. (2005) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.12.046 · Cited by 261

Glucocorticoid receptor isoforms generate transcription specificity

Lu, N. Z., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2006) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.04.005 · Cited by 260

Macrophages and neutrophils are the targets for immune suppression by glucocorticoids in contact allergy

Tuckermann, J. P., Kleiman, A., Moriggl, R., Spanbroek, R., Neumann, A., Illing, A., Clausen, B. E., Stride, B., Förster, I., Habenicht, A. J. R., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28034 · Cited by 252

Induction of cytokine receptors by glucocorticoids: functional and pathological significance

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Macrophage glucocorticoid receptors regulate Toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory responses by selective inhibition of p38 MAP kinase

Bhattacharyya, S., Brown, D. E., Brewer, J. A., Vogt, S. K., & Muglia, L. J. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-10-048215 · Cited by 249

STAT3 Acts as a Co-activator of Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling

Zhang, Z., Jones, S. A., Hagood, J. S., Fuentes, N. L., & Fuller, G. M. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.49.30607 · Cited by 243

Adverse Consequences of Glucocorticoid Medication: Psychological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Effects

Judd, L. L., Schettler, P. J., Brown, E. S., Wolkowitz, O. M., Sternberg, E. M., Bender, B. G., Bulloch, K., Cidlowski, J. A., de Kloet, E. R., Fardet, L., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13091264 · Cited by 238

The Etiology of Steroid Cataract

James, E. R. (2007) · Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/jop.2006.0067 · Cited by 236

Macrophages and neutrophils are the targets for immune suppression by glucocorticoids in contact allergy

Tuckermann, J. P., Kleiman, A., Moriggl, R., Spanbroek, R., Neumann, A., Illing, A., Clausen, B. E., Stride, B. D., Förster, I., Habenicht, A. J. R., et al. (2007) · HAL · Cited by 224

On the Trail of the Glucocorticoid Receptor: Into the Nucleus and Back

Vandevyver, S., Dejager, L., & Libert, C. (2011) · Traffic · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01288.x · Cited by 222

Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulation: New directions with non-steroidal scaffolds

Sundahl, N., Bridelance, J., Libert, C., Bosscher, K. D., & Beck, I. M. E. (2015) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.001 · Cited by 220

Glucocorticoids exert opposing effects on macrophage function dependent on their concentration

Lim, H., Müller, N., Herold, M. J., van den Brandt, J., & Reichardt, H. M. (2007) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02611.x · Cited by 218

The DNA binding-independent function of the glucocorticoid receptor mediates repression of AP-1-dependent genes in skin

Tuckermann, J. P., Reichardt, H. M., Arribas, R., Richter, K. H., Schütz, G., & Angel, P. (1999) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.147.7.1365 · Cited by 196

Peripheral T Cells Are the Therapeutic Targets of Glucocorticoids in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Wüst, S., van den Brandt, J., Tischner, D., Kleiman, A., Tuckermann, J. P., Gold, R., Lühder, F., & Reichardt, H. M. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8434 · Cited by 181

Glucocorticoids Regulate Tristetraprolin Synthesis and Posttranscriptionally Regulate Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inflammatory Signaling

Smoak, K. A., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00679-06 · Cited by 178

Glucocorticoid receptor inhibits transforming growth factor-β signaling by directly targeting the transcriptional activation function of Smad3

Song, C.-Z., Tian, X., & GELEHRTER, T. D. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.21.11776 · Cited by 172

The ups and downs of glucocorticoid physiology Permissive and suppressive effects revisited

Munck, A. U., & Náray‐Fejes‐Tóth, A. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/0303-7207(92)90091-j · Cited by 169

Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in human eosinophils: Mechanisms of action

Druilhe, A., Letuve, S., & Pretolani, M. (2003) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1023/a:1025590308147 · Cited by 168

Glucocorticoid Augmentation of Macrophage Capacity for Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells Is Associated with Reduced p130Cas Expression, Loss of Paxillin/pyk2 Phosphorylation, and High Levels of Active Rac

Giles, K. M., Ross, K. A., Rossi, A. G., Hotchin, N. A., Haslett, C., & Dransfield, I. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.2.976 · Cited by 167

Fos is a Preferential Target of Glucocorticoid Receptor Inhibition of AP-1 Activity In Vitro

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Glucocorticoid signaling: a nongenomic mechanism for T-cell immunosuppression

Löwenberg, M., Verhaar, A. P., van den Brink, G. R., & Hommes, D. W. (2007) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2007.02.001 · Cited by 160

Selective regulation of bone cell apoptosis by translational isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor

Lu, N. Z., Collins, J. B., Grissom, S. F., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00253-07 · Cited by 160

Glucocorticoids limit acute lung inflammation in concert with inflammatory stimuli by induction of SphK1

Vettorazzi, S., Bode, C., Dejager, L., Frappart, L., Shelest, E., Klaßen, C., Tasdogan, A., Reichardt, H. M., Libert, C., Schneider, M., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8796 · Cited by 158

Hydrocortisone and IL-4 induce IgE isotype switching in human B cells

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Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization is required for survival in septic shock via suppression of interleukin‐1 in macrophages

Kleiman, A., Hübner, S., Parkitna, J. M. R., Neumann, A., Hofer, S., Weigand, M. A., Bauer, M., Schmid, W., Schütz, G., Libert, C., et al. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-192112 · Cited by 152

Glucocorticoid modulation of cytokine signaling

Rogatsky, I., & Ivashkiv, L. B. (2006) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00599.x · Cited by 150

The Microcirculation and Inflammation: Site of Action for Glucocorticoids

Perretti, M., & Ahluwalia, A. (2000) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1111/j.1549-8719.2000.tb00117.x · Cited by 150

Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR)-Associated SMRT Binding to C/EBPβ TAD and Nrf2 Neh4/5: Role of SMRT Recruited to GR in GSTA2 Gene Repression

Ki, S. H., Cho, I. J., Choi, D. W., & Kim, S. G. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.10.4150-4165.2005 · Cited by 145

Annexin 1 and the biology of the neutrophil

Perretti, M., & Flower, R. J. (2004) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1103552 · Cited by 142

Role of GILZ in immune regulation, glucocorticoid actions and rheumatoid arthritis

Beaulieu, É., & Morand, E. F. (2011) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2011.59 · Cited by 136

Enhancement of MEK/ERK signaling promotes glucocorticoid resistance in CD4+ T cells

Tsitoura, D. C., & Rothman, P. B. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18975 · Cited by 133

Role of mitochondrial glucocorticoid receptor in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis

Sionov, R. V., Cohen, O., Kfir‐Erenfeld, S., Zilberman, Y., & Yefenof, E. (2006) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20050433 · Cited by 132

Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation via the upregulation of negative regulator IRAK-M

Miyata, M., Lee, J.-Y., Susuki-Miyata, S., Wang, W. Y., Xu, H., Kai, H., Kobayashi, K. S., Flavell, R. A., & Li, J. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7062 · Cited by 132

GILZ Promotes Production of Peripherally Induced Treg Cells and Mediates the Crosstalk between Glucocorticoids and TGF-β Signaling

Bereshchenko, O., Coppo, M., Bruscoli, S., Biagioli, M., Cimino, M., Frammartino, T., Sorcini, D., Venanzi, A., Di Sante, M., & Riccardi, C. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.004 · Cited by 131

The activated glucocorticoid receptor inhibits the transcription factor T‐bet by direct protein‐protein interaction

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Protein-Protein Interactions and Transcriptional Antagonism between the Subfamily of NGFI-B/Nur77 Orphan Nuclear Receptors and Glucocorticoid Receptor

Martens, C., Bilodeau, S., Maira, M., Gauthier, Y., & Drouin, J. (2004) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2004-0333 · Cited by 128

Thymocyte responsiveness to endogenous glucocorticoids is required for immunological fitness

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1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits anti-CD40 plus IL-4-mediated IgE production in vitro

Heine, G., Anton, K., Henz, B. M., & Worm, M. (2002) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200212)32:12 · Cited by 124

In vivo effects of glucocorticoids on IgE production

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Minireview: New Molecular Mediators of Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity in Metabolic Tissues

Patel, R., Williams‐Dautovich, J., & Cummins, C. L. (2014) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2014-1062 · Cited by 113

Chronic Exposure to Glucocorticoids Shapes Gene Expression and Modulates Innate and Adaptive Activation Pathways in Macrophages with Distinct Changes in Leukocyte Attraction

van de Garde, M. D. B., Martínez, F. O., Melgert, B. N., Hylkema, M. N., Jonkers, R. E., & Hamann, J. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302138 · Cited by 112

Enhancement of MEK/ERK signaling promotes glucocorticoid resistance in CD4+ T cells

Tsitoura, D. C., & Rothman, P. B. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200418975 · Cited by 112

Hypertension in Cushing’s Syndrome: From Pathogenesis to Treatment

Cicala, M. V., & Mantero, F. (2010) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000314315 · Cited by 112

Glucocorticoids Engage Different Signal Transduction Pathways to Induce Apoptosis in Thymocytes and Mature T Cells

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TLR Triggering on Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Results in TLR2 Up-Regulation and a Reduced Proinflammatory Immune Program

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The Human Glucocorticoid Receptor as an RNA-Binding Protein: Global Analysis of Glucocorticoid Receptor-Associated Transcripts and Identification of a Target RNA Motif

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Early lymphoid progenitors in mouse and man are highly sensitive to glucocorticoids

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CD8+ T cells are predominantly protective and required for effective steroid therapy in murine models of immune thrombocytopenia

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The Glucocorticoid Receptor Synergizes with Jun Homodimers to Activate AP-1-regulated Promoters Lacking GR Binding Sites

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The Role of Toll‐like Receptors in the Immune–Adrenal Crosstalk

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Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in mast cells

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Lack of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) deregulates B-cell survival and results in B-cell lymphocytosis in mice

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Tnfaip8 is an essential gene for the regulation of glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis of thymocytes

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Glucocorticoids inhibit human antigen‐specific and enhance total IgE and IgG4 production due to differential effects on T and B cells in vitro

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Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

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Mechanism of Interaction between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Stat5: Role of DNA-Binding

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Inhibition of glucocorticoid-mediated, caspase-independent dendritic cell death by CD40 activation

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Physical Interaction and Functional Synergy between Glucocorticoid Receptor and Ets2 Proteins for Transcription Activation of the Rat Cytochrome P-450c27 Promoter

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Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) inhibits B cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus

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Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Glucocorticoid-Mediated Amelioration of FSGS

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Steroid ulcers: a myth revisited.

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Transcriptional regulation of kinases downstream of the T cell receptor: another immunomodulatory mechanism of glucocorticoids

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ACTH controls thymocyte homeostasis independent of glucocorticoids

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Hydrocortisone enhances total IgE levels—but not the synthesis of allergen-specific IgE—in a monocyte-dependent manner

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Central CRH Suppresses Specific Antibody Responses: Effects of β-Adrenoceptor Antagonism and Adrenalectomy

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History of Cortisone and Related Compounds

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Rethinking IL-6 and CRP: Why they are more than inflammatory biomarkers, and why it matters

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Therapeutic Mechanisms of Glucocorticoids

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Glucocorticoid Effects on Immune Responses

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