The DOI matches its Crossref record; 162 of the 163 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity
Abstract
The production of natural antibiotic peptides has emerged as an important mechanism of innate immunity in plants and animals. Defensins are diverse members of a large family of antimicrobial peptides, contributing to the antimicrobial action of granulocytes, mucosal host defence in the small intestine and epithelial host defence in the skin and elsewhere. This review, inspired by a spate of recent studies of defensins in human diseases and animal models, focuses on the biological function of defensins.
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In the citing paper
“These structurally diverse peptides make multimeric forms during infection and disrupt the membrane of the pathogen (Ganz, 2003).”
From Identification of Candidate Signature Genes and Key Regulators Associated With Trypanotolerance in the Sheko Breed (2019) · cites this paper as Ganz, 2003
In the citing paper
“Many clinical studies have identified positive associations between levels of airway epithelial cell-derived inflammatory mediators and disease severity.”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“For instance, dose-related associations were found between several cytokines and chemokines (including IL-8/CXLC8, MIP-1α/CCL3, MCP-1/CCL2, and the IL-6/TNF-α ratio) in respiratory secretions and the severity of RSV bronchiolitis (76, 114, 271)”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“suggesting a relationship between overly aggressive innate immune responses and disease following infection.”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [76]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Contribution of Human α-Defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the Anti-HIV-1 Activity of CD8 Antiviral Factor
Zhang, L., Yu, W., Tian, H., Yu, J., Caffrey, R., Dalmasso, E. A., Fu, S., Pham, T., Mei, J., Ho, J. J., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076185 · Cited by 468
RetractedShai, Y. (1999) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00200-x · Cited by 1,904
β-Defensins: Linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity Through Dendritic and T Cell CCR6
Yang, D., Chertov, O., Bykovskaia, S. N., Chen, Q., Buffo, M. J., Shogan, J., Anderson, M., Schröder, J. M., Wang, J. M., Howard, O. M. Z., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.525 · Cited by 1,809
Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils.
Ganz, T., Selsted, M. E., Szklarek, D., Harwig, S. S. L., Daher, K. A., Bainton, D. F., & Lehrer, R. I. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112120 · Cited by 1,416
Self-citationA peptide antibiotic from human skin
Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., & Schröder, J. ‐. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43088 · Cited by 1,365
Isolation and Characterization of Human μ-Defensin-3, a Novel Human Inducible Peptide Antibiotic
Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., & Schröder, J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m008557200 · Cited by 1,309
Innate antimicrobial peptide protects the skin from invasive bacterial infection
Nizet, V., Ohtake, T., Lauth, X., Trowbridge, J., Rudisill, J., Dorschner, R. A., Pestonjamasp, V., Piraino, J., Huttner, K., & Gallo, R. L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35106587 · Cited by 1,198
Matsui, H., Grubb, B. R., Tarran, R., Randell, S. H., Gatzy, J. T., Davis, C. W., & Boucher, R. C. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81724-9 · Cited by 1,168
Wilson, C. L., Ouellette, A. J., Satchell, D. P., Ayabe, T., López-Boado, Y. S., Stratman, J. L., Hultgren, S. J., Matrisian, L. M., & Parks, W. C. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.113 · Cited by 1,076
Secretion of microbicidal α-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria
Ayabe, T., Satchell, D. P., Wilson, C. L., Parks, W. C., Selsted, M. E., & Ouellette, A. J. (2000) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/77783 · Cited by 1,060
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria?
Brogden, K. A. (2005) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1098 · Cited by 5,829
Of Mice and Not Men: Differences between Mouse and Human Immunology
Mestas, J., & Hughes, C. C. W. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2731 · Cited by 3,822
Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease
Papayannopoulos, V. (2017) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.105 · Cited by 3,542
Jenssen, H., Hamill, P., & Hancock, R. E. W. (2006) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00056-05 · Cited by 2,605
Myeloperoxidase: friend and foe
Klebanoff, S. J. (2005) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1204697 · Cited by 2,282
Metadata
- Authors
- Ganz, T.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ganz, Tomas
- ORCID
- Ganz, Tomas
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 710-720
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W2057198053
- Cited by
- 3,066
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 145 · 2019: 147 · 2018: 157 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 139 · 2015: 150 · 2014: 161 · 2013: 170 · 2012: 165
- FWCI
- 12.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- defensins, antimicrobial peptides, innate immunity, granulocytes, mucosal immunity, small intestine, natural antibiotics, human disease
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Salmonella, Salmonella Infections, Sequence Alignment, Defensins
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