The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
B-cell responses to vaccination at the extremes of age
Open accessAbstract
Infants and the elderly share a high vulnerability to infections and therefore have specific immunization requirements. Inducing potent and sustained B-cell responses is as challenging in infants as it is in older subjects. Several mechanisms to explain the decreased B-cell responses at the extremes of age apply to both infants and the elderly. These include intrinsic B-cell limitations as well as numerous microenvironmental factors in lymphoid organs and the bone marrow. This Review describes the mechanisms that shape B-cell responses at the extremes of age and how they could be taken into account to design more effective immunization strategies for these high-risk age groups.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As with T cells, ageing is associated with a decline in naïve B cell production, an accumulation of memory B cells with limited specificities, and less robust plasma cell responses to antigen, with the antibodies produced being less effective (Siegrist and Aspinall 2009).”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Siegrist and Aspinall 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mortality Associated With Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the United States
Thompson, W. W., Shay, D. K., Weintraub, E., Brammer, L., Cox, N., Anderson, L. J., & Fukuda, K. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.2.179 · Cited by 3,673
WHO estimates of the causes of death in children
Bryce, J., Boschi-Pinto, C., Shibuya, K., & Black, R. E. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71877-8 · Cited by 2,108
Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Kyle, R. A., Therneau, T. M., Rajkumar, S. V., Larson, D. R., Plevak, M. F., Offord, J. R., Dispenzieri, A., Katzmann, J. A., & Melton, L. J. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054494 · Cited by 1,423
Duration of Humoral Immunity to Common Viral and Vaccine Antigens
Amanna, I. J., Carlson, N. E., & Slifka, M. K. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa066092 · Cited by 1,286
Innate immunity of the newborn: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates
Levy, O. (2007) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2075 · Cited by 1,227
Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly: A quantitative review
GOODWIN, K., VIBOUD, C., & SIMONSEN, L. (2006) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.105 · Cited by 1,064
Competence and competition: the challenge of becoming a long-lived plasma cell
Radbruch, A., Muehlinghaus, G., Luger, E., Inamine, A., Smith, K. G. C., Dörner, T., & Hiepe, F. (2006) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1886 · Cited by 1,033
Neonatal adaptive immunity comes of age
Adkins, B., Leclerc, C., & Marshall-Clarke, S. (2004) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1394 · Cited by 1,032
Ahmad‐Nejad, P., Häcker, H., Rutz, M., Bauer, S., Vabulas, R. M., & Wagner, H. (2002) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200207)32:7 · Cited by 728
Wei, C., Anolik, J. H., Cappione, A., Zheng, B., Pugh-Bernard, A. E., Brooks, J. C., Lee, E.-H., MILNER, E. C. B., & Sanz, I. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6624 · Cited by 605
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–662 of 662
Pykhtina, V. S., Machekhina, L. V., Meshkov, A. D., & Strazhesko, I. D. (2024) · Problems of Geroscience · doi:10.37586/2949-4745-2-2024-65-74
Najih, M., Boussettine, R., Kehel, M. E., Ansari, F. Z. E., Tadlaoui, K. A., & Ennaji, M. M. (2024) · World Academy of Sciences Journal · doi:10.3892/wasj.2024.294
Hendrickx, D., Rice, K. L., Baggen, H., Frallicciardi, J., de Mello, J. C. M., Jülg, B. D., van den Biggelaar, A. H. J., Goudsmit, J., & Beukenhorst, A. L. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.06.12.25329122
The evolution of investment in innate-like and diversified T cell receptors across developmentPreprint
Martin, R. A., Savage, A. E., & Tate, A. T. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.04.674346
Adkins, B. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-128-24465-4.00517-2
Explore antibody repertoire in the era of AI
Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, C., & Meng, F. (2025) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2025230
Quelhas, S., & Iris, D. (2011) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
A3 Antibody diversity and B lymphocyte-mediated immunity
Rijkers, G. T. (2011) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0136-8_3
Markers of immunosenescence and oxidative stress in healthy adults
Turner, J. (2011) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059563
Parry, H., Bruton, R. K., Stephens, C., Brown, K., Amirthalingam, G., Otter, A., Hallis, B., 左建民, & Moss, P. A. H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15982342
Yunga, S. T., Siriwardhana, C., Fouda, G. G., Bobbili, N., Sama, G., Chen, J. J., Leke, R. F. G., & Taylor, D. W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21591041
Allsopp, G. L., Addinsall, A. B., Stephenson, G. L., Basheer, F., Gatta, P. A. D., Hoffmann, S. M., Russell, A. P., & Wright, C. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25744288
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059560
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059545
Chen, M., Yuan, Y., Zhou, Y., Deng, Z., Zhao, J., Feng, F., Zou, H., & Sun, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14913570
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059551
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059557
Yunga, S. T., Siriwardhana, C., Fouda, G. G., Bobbili, N., Sama, G., Chen, J. J., Leke, R. F. G., & Taylor, D. W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21591047
Yunga, S. T., Siriwardhana, C., Fouda, G. G., Bobbili, N., Sama, G., Chen, J. J., Leke, R. F. G., & Taylor, D. W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21591053
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059554
Yunga, S. T., Siriwardhana, C., Fouda, G. G., Bobbili, N., Sama, G., Chen, J. J., Leke, R. F. G., & Taylor, D. W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21591044
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059569
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059566
Yunga, S. T., Siriwardhana, C., Fouda, G. G., Bobbili, N., Sama, G., Chen, J. J., Leke, R. F. G., & Taylor, D. W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21591050
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059548
Arvey, A. J., Rowe, M., Legutki, J. B., An, G., Gollapudi, A., Lei, A., Colston, B. W., Putterman, C., Smith, D., Stiles, J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13059542
Yunga, S. T., Siriwardhana, C., Fouda, G. G., Bobbili, N., Sama, G., Chen, J. J., Leke, R. F. G., & Taylor, D. W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21591038
Ma, L., Tao, X., He, X., Wang, P., Ma, L., Shi, B., & Yao, X. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14404214
Yunga, S. T., Siriwardhana, C., Fouda, G. G., Bobbili, N., Sama, G., Chen, J. J., Leke, R. F. G., & Taylor, D. W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21591035
HBV transmission from HBcAb-positive mothers: insights from pediatric liver transplantation studies
Yang, Y., Wu, G., Dai, X., Zhang, T., Zhuang, C., Zhang, M., & Zhao, Y. (2026) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11897-0
Respiratory virus immune response in the aged host
Parks, O. B., Kalavacharla, A., & Williams, J. V. (2026) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-026-00559-7
Hellgren, F., Cerveira, R. A., Lindgren, G., Chen, P., Lenart, K., Ols, S., Cagigi, A., Valentini, D., Barranco, M. R., Vitus, E. S., et al. (2026) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.70077
Social Determinants of Health and Immune Response to Routine Childhood Vaccination
Jashvantbhai, P. Y., Addi, H., & Prajapati, V. P. (2026) · International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research · doi:10.25258/ijcpr.18.2.34
Wang, Q., Hodgson, D., Zheng, B. J., Liang, H., Zhang, S., Xu, J., Leung, K. S. M., Kucharski, A. J., Lin, H., & Wang, W. (2026) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-026-04773-4
Wang, H., Wang, K., Xu, Q., Cai, L., Huang, C., Chen, L., Zang, Y., Hu, X. S., & Zhang, J. (2026) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014077
AlSaihati, A., Chaudhary, M., & Olarte, L. (2026) · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · doi:10.1093/jpids/piag018
Biraro, I. A., Sitenda, D., Ssekamatte, P., Matovu, S., Kasule, V., Nakavuma, R., Nakibuule, M., Kyazze, A. P., Nabatanzi, R., Kibirige, D., et al. (2026) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/s12865-026-00830-y
Spontaneous preterm birth: Immunoperinatology perspective
Lei, J. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21564-3.00005-2
Agyei, R. O., & Bilgiç, N. (2026) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20250683
Étude des mécanismes de l'allo-immunisation post-transfusionnelle
Elayeb, R. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f4d7af60z5af6z4300zb919z9827616c24ec
The immune response to childhood vaccines is seasonalPreprint
Guevara, L. A. B., Feghali, G., Krämer, S., & de Cellès, M. D. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.64898/2026.04.23.26351620
Pajoohian, P. F., Pind, A. A. A., Estupiñan, J. L. M., Christensen, D., Pedersen, G. K., Olafsdottir, T. A., Jónsdóttir, I., & Bjarnarson, S. P. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1792155
Anti-Aging the Immune System: Hype or Hope? A Mechanistic Review
Ilyas, A. (2026) · Premier Journal of Immunology · doi:10.70389/pji.100011
T-cell responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Down syndrome – From childhood to adulthood
Hensen, L. C. M., Streng, B. M. M., van Wijk, F., Nierkens, S., Wildenbeest, J., Bont, L., Delemarre, E. M., the PRIDE study group, van Binnendijk, R. S., van der Klis, F. R. M., et al. (2026) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2026.2670839
Maxwell, J., Joyner, J. A., Norton, J. E., Knapp, W., Wang, I., Swaminathan, G., Monslow, M. A., & Citron, M. P. (2026) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2026.2689208
Miller, J., Leedale, C., Yilmaz, A. S., Pawlack, E., Garrido, J. G., Alioto, T., Yu, L., Symer, D. E., & Niewiesk, S. (2026) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1014323
Chronobiology of Cancer: How Aging Fuels Oncogenesis at the Molecular Level
Singh, A., Misra, A., & Zaheer, S. (2026) · Aging and Cancer · doi:10.1002/aac2.70027
Zhang, S., Zhang, Q., Wang, D., Li, Z., Xiao, X., Rao, Q., Yang, S., Qu, Y., Xu, Y., Wei, N., et al. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2026.08.018
An Fc Receptor and IgA Functional Signature Identifies TB Disease in Children Living With HIV
Kang, Y. J., Wang, N., Malik, A. A., Lu, P., Grossman, A., Njuguna, I. N., Maleche‐Obimbo, E., LaCourse, S. M., Slyker, J. A., (3661483), D. W., et al. (2026) · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · doi:10.1093/jpids/piag101
Systems Analysis of Immunity to Pneumococcal Vaccination in Preterm and Full-term Infants
Geropeppa, M., Papadatou, I., Verrou, K., Lembessis, P., Hatzis, P., Tzanoudaki, M., Dova, L., Drougia, A. A., Maragoudaki, E., Skoufou, A., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiag473
Folguieri, M. S., Baboghlian, J., Razi, S., Assoni, L., & Reis, L. O. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1951828
‘Renaissance gland’: immune influences on lactation and infant protection
Cassidy, M. L., & Knoop, K. A. (2026) · BMJ Immunology · doi:10.1136/bmjimm-2025-000013
Page, C. L., Holbrook, B. C., Crofts, K. F., Alameh, M., Davis, B., Burkart, H. A., Caudell, D., Weissman, D., & Alexander‐Miller, M. A. (2026) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100420
COBRA HA and NA Influenza Vaccines Adjuvanted with CpG
Ross, T. (2025) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m3s1hr5e1k
Koenen, M., & Verhagen, L. (2023) · DataverseNL · doi:10.34894/ypglbp
Winthrop, K. L., Calabrese, L. H., Bingham, C., Mariette, X., Zhou, C., & Mozaffarian, N. (2026) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ard.2026.09.014
Current challenges in secondary immunodeficiency
Shirinsky, V. S., & Shirinsky, I. V. (2026) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-cci-1522
The Role of Heterologous Immunity in Viral Co-Infections and Neonatal Immunity: A Dissertation
Kenney, L. L. (2013) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.13028/m2c31z
Synergistic effects of physical and psychological distress on immunesenescence
Duggal, N. A. (2014) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Metadata
- Authors
- Siegrist, C.-A., & Aspinall, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Cranfield University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Siegrist, Claire-Anne
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 185-194
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W2019896390
- Cited by
- 659
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- B cell response, vaccination, infants, older adults, immunosenescence, immunodeficiency, antibody response, lymphoid microenvironment, bone marrow, vaccination strategies
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Communicable Diseases, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Vaccination, Vaccines, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review