CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 946Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

State-dependent opioid control of pain

Fields, Howard·2004·Nature Reviews Neuroscience
DOI 10.1038/nrn1431
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrn1431

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 128

  1. Melzack, R. & Wall, P. D. Acute pain in an emergency clinic: latency of onset and descriptor patterns related to different injuries. Pain 14, 33–43 (1982). · DOI
  2. Akil, H. et al. Endogenous opioids: overview and current issues. Drug Alcohol Depend. 51, 127–140 (1998). · DOI
  3. Kieffer, B. L. & Gaveriaux-Ruff, C. Exploring the opioid system by gene knockout. Prog. Neurobiol. 66, 285–306 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  4. Fields, H. L., Heinricher, M. M. & Mason, P. Neurotransmitters in nociceptive modulatory circuits. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 14, 219–245 (1991). · DOI
  5. Yaksh, T. L. & Rudy, T. A. Narcotic analgetics: CNS sites and mechanisms of action as revealed by intracerebral injection techniques. Pain 4, 299–359 (1978). This is a thorough review of the initial mapping studies of CNS sites that are sensitive to the analgesic effect of opioids. · DOI
  6. Heinricher, M. M. & McGaraughty, S. in State-Dependent Processing in Somatosensory Pathways (ed. Soja, P. J.) 487–503 (CRC Press, San Diego, 1998).
  7. Fields, H. L. & Basbaum, A. I. in Textbook of Pain (eds Wall, P. D. & Melzack, R.) 309–329 (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1999).
  8. Neubert, M. J., Kincaid, W. & Heinricher, M. M. Nociceptive facilitating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla. Pain (in the press). By selectively activating on cells, the authors provide definitive evidence that these cells facilitate nociceptive transmission. · DOI
  9. Ackley, M. A., Hurley, R. W., Virnich, D. E. & Hammond, D. L. A cellular mechanism for the antinociceptive effect of a κ-opioid receptor agonist. Pain 91, 377–388 (2001). The authors demonstrate presynaptic control of glutamatergic inputs by KOR agonists in vitro. · DOI
  10. Chieng, B. & Christie, M. J. Hyperpolarization by opioids acting on μ-receptors of a sub-population of rat periaqueductal gray neurones in vitro. Br. J. Pharmacol. 113, 121–128 (1994). · DOI
  11. Pan, Z. Z., Tershner, S. A. & Fields, H. L. Cellular mechanism for anti-analgesic action of agonists of the κ-opioid receptor. Nature 389, 382–385 (1997). · DOI
  12. Price, D. D. Psychological Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia (IASP Press, Seattle, 1999). A classic book in which the author presents a thorough review of the psychophysics of pain, and of the cognitive and experiential modifiers of pain. He puts this perceptual evidence into a neurobiological and clinical perspective.
  13. Willis, W. D. & Coggeshall, R. E. Sensory Mechanisms of the Spinal Cord (Plenum, New York, 1991). · DOI
  14. Wall, P. D. & Melzack, R. (eds) Textbook of Pain (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1999).
  15. Casey, K. L. & Bushnell, M. C. (eds) Pain Imaging (IASP Press, Seattle, 2000).
  16. Wall, P. D. The laminar organisation of dorsal horn and effects of descending impulses. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 188, 403–423 (1967). This is a seminal description of dorsal horn neurons as feature detectors with response properties that are subject to top–down modulation. Wall demonstrated that each dorsal horn lamina contained neurons with distinct physiological properties, and he placed the main focus of pain research on the spinal cord. · DOI
  17. Reynolds, D. V. Surgery in the rat during electrical analgesia by focal brain stimulation. Science 164, 444–445 (1969). The original description of stimulation-produced analgesia in rodents. · DOI
  18. Mayer, D. J., Wolfe, T. L., Akil, H., Carder, B. & Liebeskind, J. C. Analgesia from electrical stimulation in the brain stem of the rat. Science 174, 1351–1354 (1971). · DOI
  19. Mayer, D. J. & Liebeskind, J. C. Pain reduction by focal stimulation of the brain: an anatomical and behavioural analysis. Brain Res. 68, 73–93 (1974). · DOI
  20. Hosobuchi, Y., Adams, J. E. & Linchitz, R. Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the central gray matter in humans in its reversal by naloxone. Science 197, 183–186 (1977). · DOI
  21. Baskin, D. S. et al. Autopsy analysis of the safety, efficacy and cartography of electrical stimulation of the central gray in humans. Brain Res. 371, 231–236 (1986). · DOI
  22. Holden, J. E., van Poppel, A. Y. & Thomas, S. Antinociception from lateral hypothalamic stimulation may be mediated by NK1 receptors in the A7 catecholamine cell group in rat. Brain Res. 953, 195–204 (2002). · DOI
  23. Stein, C., Schafer, M. & Machelska, H. Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids. Nature Med. 9, 1003–1008 (2003). · DOI
  24. Grudt, T. J. & Williams, J. T. μ-opioid agonists inhibit spinal trigeminal substantia gelatinosa neurons in guinea pig and rat. J. Neurosci. 14, 1646–1654 (1994). · DOI
  25. Glaum, S. R., Miller, R. J. & Hammond, D. L. Inhibitory actions of δ1, δ2, and μ-opioid receptor agonists on excitatory transmission in lamina II neurons of adult rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 14, 4965–4971 (1994). This study demonstrates both pre- and postsynaptic actions of opioids at the first relay from primary afferent nociceptors to second-order dorsal horn neurons. · DOI
  26. Mansour, A., Khachaturian, H., Lewis, M. E., Akil, H. & Watson, S. J. Anatomy of CNS opioid receptors. Trends Neurosci. 11, 308–314 (1988). · DOI
  27. Mansour, A., Fox, C. A. & Watson, S. J. Opioid-receptor mRNA expression in the rat CNS: anatomical and functional implications. Trends Neurosci. 18, 22–29 (1995). A concise survey of MOR, KOR and DOR distribution in the CNS. · DOI
  28. Arvidsson, U. et al. Distribution and targeting of a μ-opioid receptor (MOR1) in brain and spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 15, 3328–3341 (1995). · DOI
  29. Manning, B. H., Morgan, M. J. & Franklin, K. B. J. Morphine analgesia in the formalin test: evidence for forebrain and midbrain sites of action. Neuroscience 63, 289–294 (1994). · DOI
  30. Burkey, A. R., Carstens, E., Wenniger, J. J., Tang, J. & Jasmin, L. An opioidergic cortical antinociception triggering site in the agranular insular cortex of the rat that contributes to morphine antinociception. J. Neurosci. 16, 6612–6623 (1996). · DOI
  31. Tershner, S. A. & Helmstetter, F. J. Antinociception produced by μ-opioid receptor activation in the amygdala is partly dependent on activation of μ-opioid and neurotensin receptors in the ventral periaqueductal gray. Brain Res. 865, 17–26 (2000). · DOI
  32. Kiefel, J. M., Rossi, G. C. & Bodnar, R. J. Medullary μ and δ opioid receptors modulate mesencephalic morphine analgesia in rats. Brain Res. 624, 151–161 (1993). · DOI
  33. Roychowdhury, S. M. & Fields, H. L. Endogenous opioids acting at a medullary μ-opioid receptor contribute to the behavioral antinociception produced by GABA antagonism in the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Neuroscience 74, 863–872 (1996). · DOI
  34. Al-Rodhan, N., Chipkin, R. & Yaksh, T. L. The antinociceptive effects of SCH-32615, a neutral endopeptidase (enkephalinase) inhibitor, microinjected into the periaqueductal, ventral medulla and amygdala. Brain Res. 520, 123–130 (1990). · DOI
  35. Watkins, L. R., Young, E. G., Kinscheck, I. B. & Mayer, J. D. The neural basis of footshock analgesia: the role of specific ventral medullary nuclei. Brain Res. 276, 305–315 (1983). · DOI
  36. Levine, J. D., Gordon, N. C., Jones, R. T. & Fields, H. L. The narcotic antagonist naloxone enhances clinical pain. Nature 272, 826–827 (1978). The first direct evidence that endogenous opioids modulate pain in humans. The authors used dental postoperative pain as the measure of action of the opioid-mediated analgesia system. · DOI
  37. Fields, H. L. Is there a facilitating component to central pain modulation? APS J. 1, 139–141 (1992). · DOI
  38. Porreca, F., Ossipov, M. H. & Gebhart, G. F. Chronic pain and medullary descending facilitation. Trends Neurosci. 25, 319–325 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  39. Urban, M. O. & Gebhart, G. F. Supraspinal contributions to hyperalgesia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 7687–7692 (1999). · DOI
  40. Zhuo, M. & Gebhart, G. F. Characterization of descending inhibition and facilitation from the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat. Pain 42, 337–350 (1990). · DOI
  41. Zhuo, M. & Gebhart, G. F. Characterization of descending facilitation and inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission from the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat. J. Neurophys. 67, 1599–1614 (1992). · DOI
  42. Urban, M. O., Coutinho, S. V. & Gebhart, G. F. Biphasic modulation of visceral nociception by neurotensin in rat rostral ventromedial medulla. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290, 207–213 (1999).
  43. Watkins, L. R. et al. Neurocircuitry of illness-induced hyperalgesia. Brain Res. 639, 283–299 (1994). · DOI
  44. Morgan, M. M., Heinricher, M. M. & Fields, H. L. Inhibition and facilitation of different nocifensor reflexes by spatially remote noxious thermal stimuli. J. Neurophysiol. 72, 1152–1160 (1994). · DOI
  45. Haws, C. M., Williamson, A. M. & Fields, H. L. Putative nociceptive modulatory neurons in the dorsolateral pontomesencephalic reticular formation. Brain Res. 483, 272–282 (1989). · DOI
  46. Heinricher, M. M., Cheng, Z. F. & Fields, H. L. Evidence for two classes of nociceptive modulating neurons in the periaqueductal gray. J. Neurosci. 7, 271–278 (1987). · DOI
  47. Fields, H. L., Malick, A. & Burstein, R. Dorsal horn projection targets of on and off cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla. J. Neurophysiol. 74, 1742–1759 (1995). Microstimulation is used to track the terminals of on and off cells into dorsal horn laminae I, II and V. · DOI
  48. Heinricher, M. M., McGaraughty, S. & Farr, D. A. The role of excitatory amino acid transmission within the rostral ventromedial medulla in the antinociceptive actions of systemically administered morphine. Pain 81, 57–65 (1999). · DOI
  49. Heinricher, M. M., McGaraughty, S. & Grandy, D. K. Circuitry underlying antiopioid actions of orphanin FQ in the rostral ventromedial medulla. J. Neurophysiol. 78, 3351–3358 (1997). · DOI
  50. Heinricher, M. M., McGaraughty, S. & Tortorici, V. Circuitry underlying antiopioid actions of cholecystokinin within the rostral ventromedial medulla. J. Neurophysiol. 85, 280–286 (2001). · DOI
  51. Morgan, M. M. & Fields, H. L. Pronounced changes in the activity of nociceptive modulatory neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla in response to prolonged thermal noxious stimuli. J. Neurophysiol. 72, 1161–1170 (1994). · DOI
  52. Porreca, F. et al. Inhibition of neuropathic pain by selective ablation of brainstem medullary cells expression the μ-opioid receptor. J. Neurosci. 21, 5281–5288 (2001). · DOI
  53. Gardell, L. R. et al. Enhanced evoked excitatory transmitter release in experimental neuropathy requires descending facilitation. J. Neurosci. 23, 8370–8379 (2003). · DOI
  54. Barbaro, N. M., Heinricher, M. M. & Fields, H. L. Putative nociceptive modulatory neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla of the rat display highly correlated firing patterns. Somatosens. Motor Res. 6, 413–425 (1989). · DOI
  55. Heinricher, M. M., Barbaro, N. M. & Fields, H. L. Putative nociceptive modulating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla of the rat: firing of on- and off-cells is related to nociceptive responsiveness. Somatosens. Motor Res. 6, 427–439 (1989). · DOI
  56. Heinricher, M. M. & McGaraughty, S. Analysis of excitatory amino acid transmission within the rostral ventromedial medulla: implications for circuitry. Pain 75, 247–255 (1998). · DOI
  57. Mason, P. Contributions of the medullary raphe and ventromedial reticular region to pain modulation and other homeostatic functions. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 737–777 (2001). · DOI
  58. Leung, C. G. & Mason, P. Physiological properties of raphe magnus neurons during sleep and waking. J. Neurophysiol. 81, 584–595 (1999). This study uses single unit recording in awake rats to demonstrate state dependence of firing patterns in on, off and neutral cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla. · DOI
  59. Akil, H., Meng, F., Devine, D. P. & Watson, S. J. Molecular and neuroanatomical properties of the endogenous opioid system: implications tor treatment of opiate addiction. Semin. Neurosci. 9, 70–83 (1997). · DOI
  60. Eguchi, M. Recent advances in selective opioid receptor agonists and antagonists. Med. Res. Rev. 24, 182–212 (2004). · DOI
  61. Bridge, K. E., Wainwright, A., Reilly, K. & Oliver, K. R. Autoradiographic localization of 125i[tyr14] nociceptin/orphanin FQ binding sites in macaque primate CNS. Neuroscience 118, 513–523 (2003). · DOI
  62. Pan, Z. Z., Williams, J. T. & Osborne, P. B. Opioid actions on single nucleus raphe magnus neurons from rat and guinea-pig in vitro. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 427, 519–532 (1990). The first in vitro study of RVM neurons. The authors use sharp electrodes and demonstrate distinct populations of neurons that are either directly inhibited or disinhibited by opioid agonists. · DOI
  63. Heinricher, M. M., Morgan, M. M. & Fields, H. L. Direct and indirect action of morphine on medullary neurons that modulate nociception. Neuroscience 48, 533–543 (1992). · DOI
  64. Vaughan, C. W. & Christie, M. J. Presynaptic inhibitory action of opioids on synaptic transmission in the rat periaqueductal grey in vitro. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 498, 463–472 (1997). · DOI
  65. Vaughan, C. W. et al. Cellular actions of opioids on periaqueductal grey neurons from C57B16/J mice and mutant mice lacking MOR-1. Br. J. Pharmacol. 139, 362–367 (2003). · DOI
  66. Heinricher, M. M., Morgan, M. M., Tortorici, V. & Fields, H. L. Disinhibition of off-cells and antinociception produced by an opioid action within the rostral ventromedial medulla. Neuroscience 63, 279–288 (1994). · DOI
  67. Heinricher, M. M. & Tortorici, V. Interference with GABA transmission in the rostral ventromedial medulla: dishinhibition of off-cells as a central mechanism in nociceptive modulation. Neuroscience 63, 533–546 (1994). · DOI
  68. Finnegan, T. F., Li, D. P., Chen, S. R. & Pan, H. L. Activation of μ-opioid receptors inhibits synaptic inputs to spinally projecting rostral ventromedial medulla neurons. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 309, 476–483 (2004). · DOI
  69. Connor, M., Schuller, A., Pintar, J. E. & Christie, M. J. μ-Opioid receptor modulation of calcium channel current in periaqueductal grey neurons from C57B16/J mice and mutant mice lacking MOR-1. Br. J. Pharmacol. 126, 1553–1558 (1999). · DOI
  70. Heinricher, M. M. & Fields, H. L. in The Delta Receptor: Molecular and Effect of Delta Opioid Compounds (ed. Woods, J.) 467–480 (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2003).
  71. Rossi, G. C., Pasternak, G. W. & Bodnar, R. J. μ- and δ-opioid synergy between the periaqueductal gray and the rostro-ventral medulla. Brain Research 665, 85–93 (1994). · DOI
  72. Ossipov, M. H., Kovelowski, C. J., Nichols, M. L., Hruby, V. J. & Porreca, F. Characterization of supraspinal antinociceptive actions of opioid δ agonists in the rat. Pain 62, 287–293 (1995). · DOI
  73. Connor, M. & Christie, M. J. Modulation of Ca2+ channel currents of acutely dissociated rat periaqueductal grey neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 509, 47–58 (1998). · DOI
  74. Kiefel, J. M., Rossi, G. C. & Bodnar, R. J. Medullary μ- and δ-opioid receptors modulate mesencephalic morphine analgesia in rats. Brain Res. 624, 151–161 (1993). · DOI
  75. Hirakawa, N., Tershner, S. A. & Fields, H. L. Highly δ-selective antagonists in the RVM attenuate the antinociceptive effect of PAG DAMGO. Neuroreport 10, 3125–3129 (1999). · DOI
  76. Thorat, S. N. & Hammond, D. L. Modulation of nociception by microinjection of δ-1 and δ-2 opioid receptor ligands in the ventromedial medulla of the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283, 1185–1192 (1997).
  77. Harasawa, I., Fields, H. L. & Meng, I. D. δ-opioid receptor mediated actions in the rostral ventromedial medulla on tail flick latency and nociceptive modulatory neurons. Pain 85, 255–262 (2000). · DOI
  78. Cahill, C. M., Morinville, A., Hoffert, C., O'Donnell, D. & Beaudet, A. Up-regulation and trafficking of δ-opioid receptor in a model of chronic inflammation: implications for pain control. Pain 101, 199–208 (2003). · DOI
  79. Hurley, R. W. & Hammond, D. L. The analgesic effects of supraspinal μ and δ opioid receptor agonists are potentiated during persistent inflammation. J. Neurosci. 20, 1249–1259 (2000). · DOI
  80. Vaughan, C. W., Ingram, S. L. & Christie, M. J. Actions of the ORL1 receptor ligand nociceptin on membrane properties of rat periaqueductal gray neurons in vitro. J. Neurosci. 17, 996–1003 (1997). References 84—86 demonstrate the robust and promiscuous inhibition that is produced by orphanin in both PAG and RVM. · DOI
  81. Pan, Z., Hirakawa, N. & Fields, H. L. A cellular mechanism for the bidirectional pain-modulating actions of orphanin FQ/nociceptin. Neuron 26, 515–522 (2000). · DOI
  82. Vaughan, C. W. et al. Actions of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and other prepronociceptin products on rat rostral ventromedial medulla neurons in vitro. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 534, 849–859 (2001). · DOI
  83. Darland, T., Heinricher, M. M. & Grandy, D. K. Orphanin FQ/nociceptin: a role in pain and analgesia, but so much more. Trends Neurosci. 21, 215–221 (1998). · DOI
  84. Millan, M. J. κ-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception in the rat. I. Comparative actions of μ- and κ-opioids against noxious, thermal, pressure and electrical stimuli. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251, 334–341 (1989).
  85. Millan, M. J., Czlonkowski, A., Lipkowski, A. & Herz, A. κ-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception in the rat. II. Supraspinal in addition to spinal sites of action. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251, 342–350 (1989).
  86. Pan, Z. Z. μ-Opposing actions of the κ-opioid receptor. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19, 94–98 (1998). · DOI
  87. Bederson, J. B., Fields, H. L. & Barbaro, N. M. Hyperalgesia during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from morphine is associated with increased ON-cell activity in the rostral ventromedial medulla. Somatosens. Motor Res. 7, 185–203 (1990). · DOI
  88. Kaplan, H. & Fields, H. L. Hyperalgesia during acute opioid abstinence: evidence for a nociceptive facilitating function of the rostral ventromedial medulla. J. Neurosci. 11, 1433–1439 (1991). · DOI
  89. Bandler, R. & Keay, K. A. in Progress in Brain Research Vol. 107 (eds Holstege, G., Bandler, R. & Saper, C.) 285–300 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996).
  90. Fanselow, M. S. Conditioned fear-induced opiate analgesia: a competing motivational state theory of stress analgesia. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 467, 40–54 (1986). · DOI · Paper page
  91. Bolles, R. C. & Fanselow, M. S. A perceptual-defensive-recuperative model of fear and pain. Behav. Brain Sci. 3, 291–323 (1980). · DOI
  92. Johansen, J. P., Fields, H. L. & Manning, B. H. The affective component of pain in rodents: direct evidence for a contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 8077–8082 (2001). · DOI
  93. Johansen, J. P. & Fields, H. L. Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex produces an aversive teaching signal. Nature Neurosci. (in the press). · DOI
  94. Kavaliers, M. & Colwell, D. D. Sex differences in opioid and non-opioid mediated predator-induced analgesia in mice. Brain Res. 568, 173–177 (1991). · DOI
  95. Miczek, K. A. & Winslow, J. T. Analgesia and decrement in operant performance in socially defeated mice: selective cross-tolerance to morphine and antagonism by naltrexone. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 92, 444–451 (1987). · DOI
  96. Bellgowan, P. S. F. & Helmstetter, F. J. The role of μ and κ-opioid receptors within the periaqueductal gray in the expression of conditional hypoalgesia. Brain Res. 791, 83–89 (1998). · DOI
  97. Helmstetter, F. J., Bellgowan, P. S. & Poore, L. H. Microinfusion of μ- but not δ- or κ-opioid agonists into the basolateral amygdala results in inhibition of the tail flick reflex in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 275, 381–388 (1995).
  98. Foo, H. & Helmstetter, F. J. Hypoalgesia elicited by a conditioned stimulus is blocked by a μ-, but not a δ- or a κ-opioid antagonist injected into the rostral ventromedial medulla. Pain 83, 427–431 (1999). · DOI
  99. Foo, H. & Helmstetter, F. J. Activation of κ-opioid receptors in the rostral ventromedial medulla blocks stress-induced antinociception. Neuroreport 11, 3349–3352 (2000). · DOI
  100. Blass, E., Fitzgerald, E. & Kehoe, P. Interactions between sucrose, pain and isolation distress. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 26, 483–489 (1987). · DOI
  101. Bucher, H. U. et al. Sucrose reduces pain reaction to heel lancing in preterm infants: a placebo-controlled, randomized and masked study. Pediatr. Res. 38, 332–335 (1995). · DOI
  102. Dutta, R., Mukherjee, K. & Mathur, R. Effect of VMH lesion on sucrose-fed analgesia in formalin pain. Jpn J. Physiol. 51, 63–69 (2001). · DOI
  103. Dum, J. & Herz, A. Endorphinergic modulation of neural reward systems indicated by behavioral changes. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 21, 259–266 (1984). The authors show that rats conditioned to expect sucrose when they are placed on a hot plate will show elevated escape thresholds. This analgesic effect is blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone. · DOI
  104. Schmidt, B. L., Tambeli, C. H., Levine, J. D. & Gear, R. W. μ/δ Cooperativity and opposing κ-opioid effects in nucleus accumbens-mediated antinociception in the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 15, 861–868 (2002). · DOI
  105. Kelley, A. E. et al. Opioid modulation of taste hedonics within the ventral striatum. Physiol. Behav. 76, 365–377 (2002). · DOI
  106. Benedetti, F. The opposite effects of the opiate antagonist naloxone and the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide on placebo analgesia. Pain 64, 535–543 (1996). · DOI
  107. Grevert, P. & Goldstein, A. in Placebo: Theory, Research and Mechanisms (eds White, L., Tursky, B. & Shwartz, G. E.) 332–350 (The Guilford Press, New York, 1985).
  108. Price, D. D. et al. An analysis of factors that contribute to the magnitude of placebo analgesia in an experimental paradigm. Pain 83, 147–156 (1999). · DOI
  109. Montgomery, G. H. & Kirsch, I. Classical conditioning and the placebo effect. Pain 72, 107–113 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
  110. Amanzio, M. & Benedetti, F. Neuropharmacological dissection of placebo analgesia: expectation-activated opioid systems versus conditioning-activated specific subsystems. J. Neurosci. 19, 484–494 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  111. de la Fuente-Fernandez, R., Schulzer, M. & Stoessl, A. J. The placebo effect in neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol. 1, 85–91 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  112. Petrovic, P., Kalso, E., Petersson, K. M. & Ingvar, M. Placebo and opioid analgesia — imaging a shared neuronal network. Science 295, 1737–1740 (2002). Using positron emission tomography, the authors show extensive overlap between brain areas that are activated by the short-acting MOR agonist remifentanyl and a placebo manipulation that produces analgesia. · DOI · Paper page
  113. Wager, T. D. et al. Placebo-induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and experience of pain. Science 303, 1162–1167 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  114. An, X., Bandler, R., Ongur, D. & Price, J. L. Prefrontal cortical projections to longitudinal columns in the midbrain periaqueductal gray in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 401, 455–479 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  115. Kirsch, P. et al. Anticipation of reward in a nonaversive differential conditioning paradigm and the brain reward system: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 20, 1086–1095 (2003). · DOI
  116. Shidara, M. & Richmond, B. J. Anterior cingulate: single neuronal signals related to degree of reward expectancy. Science 296, 1709–1711 (2002). · DOI
  117. Kunishio, K. & Haber, S. N. Primate cingulostriatal projection: limbic striatal versus sensorimotor striatal input. J. Comp. Neurol. 350, 337–356 (1994). · DOI
  118. Becerra, L., Breiter, H. C., Wise, R., Gonzalez, R. G. & Borsook, D. Reward circuitry activation by noxious thermal stimuli. Neuron 32, 927–946 (2001). · DOI
  119. Suzuki, R., Morcuende, S., Webber, M., Hunt, S. P. & Dickenson, A. H. Superficial NK1-expressing neurons control spinal excitability through activation of descending pathways. Nature Neurosci. 5, 1319–1326 (2002). · DOI
  120. Le Bars, D. in Serotonin and Pain (eds Osborne, N. M. & Hamon, M.) 171–226 (John Wiley, New York, 1988).
  121. Potrebic, S. B., Fields, H. L. & Mason, P. Serotonin immunoreactivity is contained in one physiological cell class in the rat rostral ventromedial medulla. J. Neurosci. 14, 1655–1665 (1994). Using in vivo intracellular recording, on, off and neutral cells were identified physiologically and filled with biocytin for later immunocytochemistry. Serotonin was only found in neutral cells. · DOI
  122. Marinelli, S., Vaughan, C. W., Schnell, S. A., Wessendorf, M. W. & Christie, M. J. Rostral ventromedial medulla neurons that project to the spinal cord express multiple opioid receptor phenotypes. J. Neurosci. 22, 10847–10855 (2002). The authors use a marker injected into the spinal cord and transported retrogradely to identify spinally projecting RVM neurons. They show that a significant number of spinally-projecting serotonergic neurons express functional μ- and κ-opioid receptors. · DOI
  123. Mason, P. & Gao, K. Raphe magnus serotonergic neurons tonically modulate nociceptive transmission. Pain Forum 7, 143–150 (1998). · DOI
  124. Huang, L. -Y. M. Tonic release of serotonin. Pain Forum 7, 151–154 (1998). · DOI
  125. Yaksh, T. L. & Wilson, P. R. Spinal serotonin system mediates antinociception. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 208, 446–453 (1979).
  126. Zhuo, M. & Gebhart, G. F. Spinal serotonin receptors mediate descending facilitation of a nociceptive reflex from the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat. Brain Res. 550, 35–48 (1991). · DOI
  127. Calejesan, A. A., Chang, M. H. & Zhuo, M. Spinal serotonergic receptors meidate facilitation of a nociceptive reflex by subcutaneous formalin inejction into the hindpaw in rats. Brain Res. 798, 46–54 (1998). · DOI
  128. Green, G. M., Scarth, J. & Dickenson, A. An excitatory role for 5-HT in spinal inflammatory nociceptive transmission; state-dependent actions via dorsal horn 5-HT3 receptors in the anaesthetized rat. Pain 89, 81–88 (2000). · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 946

Metadata

Authors
Fields, H.
Affiliations
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Fields, Howard
ORCID
Fields, Howard
Venue
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-07
Volume
5
Issue
7
Pages
565-575
ISSN
  • 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0048
DOI
10.1038/nrn1431
OpenAlex
W2030751218
Cited by
946
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 56
FWCI
3.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
opioid analgesia, mu-opioid receptor, delta opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor, motivational states, aversive motivation, appetitive motivation, pain transmission, pain modulation, opioid use disorder, choice behavior
MeSH terms
Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Humans, Medulla Oblongata, Models, Neurological, Motivation, Opioid-Related Disorders, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Nociceptors, Pain, Receptors, Opioid, Reinforcement, Psychology, Serotonin, Synapses, Neural Networks, Computer

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review