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Postural tachycardia syndrome—current experience and concepts
Abstract
Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) is a poorly understood but important cause of orthostatic intolerance resulting from cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. PoTS is distinct from the syndromes of autonomic failure usually associated with orthostatic hypotension, such as pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. Individuals affected by PoTS are mainly young (aged between 15 years and 40 years) and predominantly female. The symptoms--palpitations, dizziness and occasionally syncope--mainly occur when the patient is standing upright, and are often relieved by sitting or lying flat. Common stimuli in daily life, such as modest exertion, food ingestion and heat, are now recognized to be capable of exacerbating the symptoms. Onset of the syndrome can be linked to infection, trauma, surgery or stress. PoTS can be associated with various other disorders; in particular, joint hypermobility syndrome (also known as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type, formerly termed Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III). This Review describes the characteristics and neuroepidemiology of PoTS, and outlines possible pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome, as well as current and investigational treatments.
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“Differences in connective tissue may be a mediating factor for both these associations, causing pooling of blood in lax peripheral vessels [as in some forms of PoTS (59)] and enhancing sensitivity to tissue stretch and damage.”
From Joint Hypermobility Links Neurodivergence to Dysautonomia and Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“often expressed as postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS), a condition characterised by accelerated heart rate on standing, and other symptoms that overlap phenomenologically with anxiety.26”
From Variant connective tissue (joint hypermobility) and its relevance to depression and anxiety in adolescents: a cohort-based case–control study (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Hypermobility is associated with dysautonomia,47 typically PoTS, symptoms of which have phenomenological overlap with anxiety.26”
From Variant connective tissue (joint hypermobility) and its relevance to depression and anxiety in adolescents: a cohort-based case–control study (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“it is known that both the interoceptive sensitivity in hypermobile individuals (and the dysautonomia in PoTS) extends beyond the cardiovascular system (Mathias et al., 2011).”
From Neuroimaging and psychophysiological investigation of the link between anxiety, enhanced affective reactivity and interoception in people with joint hypermobility (2014) · cites this paper as Mathias et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“The onset of POTS may be precipitated by a typical immunological stressor such as viral syndrome (often upper respiratory or gastrointestinal), physical trauma (such as concussion), menarche, pregnancy, or surgery (Boris and Bernadzikowski, 2018; Low et al., 1995; Mathias et al., 2011; Sandroni et al., 1999; Thieben et al., 2007; Watari et al., 2018).”
From Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): State of the science and clinical care from a 2019 National Institutes of Health Expert Consensus Meeting - Part 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Mathias et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“In patients with joint hypermobility syndrome, a variant of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, the onset of POTS may be insidious and the symptoms may develop over years beginning with teenage [27].”
From Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: clinical presentation, aetiology and management (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
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Cerebral hemodynamics in orthostatic intolerance with normal head-up tilt test
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BackgroundChen, L., Li, X., Ochs, T., Wang, C., Jin, H., & Du, J. (2013) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951113000929 · Cited by 22
“of the head-up tilt table test, it was defined as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and it was often accompanied by dizziness, chest distress, headache, palpitation, pale, etc.(16) Statistical analysis.”
BackgroundPonnusamy, V., Owens, A. P., Purkayastha, S., Iodice, V., & Mathias, C. J. (2016) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2016.05.003 · Cited by 23
“Due to the strong association between JHS/EDS III and PoTS (Mathias et al, 2012; Fikree et al,2013), it should be important to consider this electively in anticipation of possible sideeffects of surgery.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMasterclass: Hypermobility and hypermobility related disorders
Simmonds, J. V. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102465 · Cited by 21
Kell, D. B., Khan, A., Kane, B., Lip, G. Y. H., & Pretorius, E. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14020170 · Cited by 25
The clinical physiotherapy assessment of non-traumatic shoulder instability
Barrett, C. (2014) · Shoulder & Elbow · doi:10.1177/1758573214548934 · Cited by 21
“There is association between JHS and bowel dysfunction,(25) gynaecological dysfunction,(26) chronic fatigue, vascular disorders, skin elasticity and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.(27) Additionally, a great challenge in this group is altered pain processing and reduced responsiveness to analgesia(28) Assessment…”
BackgroundJoint hypermobility: emerging disease or illness behaviour?
Grahame, R. (2013) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.13-6-s50 · Cited by 21
Self-citationDavydov, D. M., Naliboff, B. D., Shahabi, L., & Shapiro, D. (2017) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13186 · Cited by 21
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Knight, I. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31428 · Cited by 20
“Patients with POTS might complain of symptoms such as tachycardia, palpitations, fatigue, light-headedness, exercise intolerance, nausea, headache, mental clouding or brain-fog, and syncope (fainting) [Mathias et al., 2012].”
BackgroundClinical neurophysiology of postural tachycardia syndrome
Cutsforth‐Gregory, J. K., & Sandroni, P. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64142-7.00066-7 · Cited by 22
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“Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) is characterized by clinical features of orthostatic intolerance and an excessive increase in heart rate (by ≥30 or to ≥120 bpm) when upright [1].”
BackgroundJoint Hypermobility and Pain Syndromes in Children
Maillard, S. M., & Pilkington, C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1750-6_45 · Cited by 21
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Associated with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Kato, Y., Hayashi, T., Arai, N., Tanahashi, N., Takahashi, K., & Takao, M. (2019) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.2587-18 · Cited by 19
“As such, reducing the inferior vena cava pressure may decrease the venous return and cause a compensatory rise in the heart rate when standing upright (9).”
BackgroundCsecs, J. L. L., Dowell, N. G., Savage, G. K., Iodice, V., Mathias, C. J., Critchley, H., & Eccles, J. (2021) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31957 · Cited by 18
“…to cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction: Up to 80% of people with hypermobility experience orthostatic intolerance (including postural tachycardia (Mathias et al., 2011; Wells et al., 2018) and postural hypotension, characterized by symptoms such as light-headedness when standing upright…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCastori, M. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 18
Utility of Corrected QT Interval in Orthostatic Intolerance
Kim, J. B., Hong, S., Park, J., Cho, D., Park, K., & Kim, B. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106417 · Cited by 18
“These findings are consistent with previous findings that autonomic functions were preserved in a majority of POTS patients [36].”
ResultNarcolepsy: Beyond the Classic Pentad
Morse, A. M., Kim, S., Harris, S. F., & Gow, M. (2025) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-024-01141-9 · Cited by 20
“It is defined by excessive tachycardia when upright [an orthostatic HR increase of ≥ 30 beats per min (bpm); ≥ 40 bpm in individuals aged 12–19 years; or to ≥ 120 bpm] and improvement of symptoms upon recum-bence [78–80].”
Campen, L., Rowe, P. C., & Visser, F. C. (2021) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v9i6.2494 · Cited by 16
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Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
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Khurana, R. K. (2014) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-014-0227-0 · Cited by 16
“Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) is recognized as a constellation of predominantly orthostatic symptoms including dizziness, palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, anxiety, and fatigue [2, 17].”
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“and tachycardia) [6, 33, 34] have been suggested as pos-”
Zhou, W., Zikos, T. A., Clarke, J. O., Nguyen, L. A. B., Triadafilopoulos, G., & Neshatian, L. (2021) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06808-z · Cited by 15
Experiences of living with postural tachycardia syndrome
Waterman, S., Opie, M., Waterman, D., & Langdon, D. W. (2021) · Chronic Illness · doi:10.1177/17423953211054032 · Cited by 17
“PoTS has a significant female predominance with a female-to-male ratio of 5:1(4) and is more common in people under the age of 40 years.(5) PoTS is a heterogeneous disorder and causes a constellation of symptoms that vary significantly from person to person and have a variety of triggers.”
BackgroundPsychosocial and Motor Characteristics of Patients With Hypermobility
Lamari, M. M., Lamari, N. M., Filho, G. M. D. A., de Medeiros, M. P., Marques, V. R. P., & Pavarino, É. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.787822 · Cited by 16
“Chronic fatigue and orthostatic intolerance are common in hEDS (76).”
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Self-citationGynecologic Management of Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Hernández, Á., & Dietrich, J. E. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2019.12.011 · Cited by 15
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Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature
Morgan, K., Chojenta, C., Tavener, M., Smith, A., & Loxton, D. J. (2018) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2018.05.003 · Cited by 14
Clinical Relevance of Joint Hypermobility and Its Impact on Musculoskeletal Pain and Bone Mass
Guarnieri, V., & Castori, M. (2018) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-018-0460-x · Cited by 15
Central fatigue is greater than peripheral fatigue in people with joint hypermobility syndrome
To, M., Strutton, P. H., & Alexander, C. M. (2019) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.07.011 · Cited by 13
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Neurally Mediated Syncope
Cutsforth‐Gregory, J. K. (2020) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000818 · Cited by 14
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: pathophysiology, management, and experimental therapies
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“Low in 1993, its earliest descriptions date back to the American civil war when it was described by Da Costa as the ‘Irritable heart syndrome’ [1].”
BackgroundComparison of cortisol levels in patients with vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome
Fayyaz, H., Ambreen, S., Raziq, H., & Hayyat, A. (2021) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.38.1.4122 · Cited by 11
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Choudhary, A., Fikree, A., & Aziz, Q. (2021) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31938 · Cited by 13
Recognizing postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Pavlik, D., Agnew, D. M., Stiles, L. E., & Ditoro, R. (2016) · JAAPA · doi:10.1097/01.jaa.0000481398.76099.09 · Cited by 11
The dermatological manifestations of postural tachycardia syndrome: a review with illustrated cases
Huang, H., & Hohler, A. D. (2015) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0144-6 · Cited by 10
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“This may be the case, for example, of postural orthostatic tachycardia [Mathias et al., 2011], hypoplastic oral frenula and buccal-lingual dyspraxia [Celletti et al., 2011], positive Schirmer I test,minor lens opacities and pathologicmyopia [Gharbiya et al., 2012], and rectal evacuatory dysfunction…”
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Vascular dysfunction of postural tachycardia syndrome in children
Bai, W., Chen, S., Jin, H., & Du, J. (2018) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-017-0104-8 · Cited by 9
Skin sympathetic nerve activity in patients with chronic orthostatic intolerance
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“Orthostatic intolerance, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and gastrointestinal symptoms are also indicated as representative extra-articular manifestations (20, 21).”
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“There is strong evidence that symptoms of POTS, including tachycardia experienced during venous pooling and hyperpnea during hyperventilation, are not caused by anxiety or solely by “somatic hypervigilance,” but are actually compensatory physiological responses to orthostatic stress.(30,35,49,50) Despite this, medical…”
BackgroundPostural tachycardia syndrome and pregnancy
Bhatia, M., Kavi, L., & Nelson‐Piercy, C. (2018) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1111/tog.12478 · Cited by 8
Cipriani, D., Rodriguez, B., Häni, L., Zimmermann, R., Fichtner, J., Ulrich, C. T., Raabe, A., Beck, J., & Z'Graggen, W. J. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223484 · Cited by 9
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“The resulting decreased venous return leads to reduced stroke volume, blood pressure (BP), and both thoracic and cerebral perfusion [ 4, 8, 9 ].”
BackgroundInfluentialVagal nerve stimulation is beneficial in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and epilepsy
Gadže, Ž. P., Kovač, A. B., Adamec, I., Milekic, N., & Šulentić, V. (2018) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2018.03.001 · Cited by 7
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“Además, se ha descrito la disminución de la secreción de acetilcolina en respuesta a maniobras fisiológicas y a estímulos farmacológicos 38 . otro lado, parece ser que algunos pacientes presentan una acumulación excesiva de sangre en los miembros inferiores durante la bipedestación, que puede ser…”
BackgroundMast Cell Activation Syndromes
Bonamichi-Santos, R., & Castells, M. (2016) · Current Treatment Options in Allergy · doi:10.1007/s40521-016-0100-6 · Cited by 9
Immunoresponsive Postinfectious Autonomic Neuropathy
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“Symptoms other than those of orthostatic intolerance are frequently reported in patients with PoTS, including headaches, gastrointestinal symptoms, genitourinary symptoms, and myofascial pain.(2,4) An antecedent infectious illness is frequently reported in patients with PoTS.”
BackgroundLyell, M. J., Simmonds, J. V., & Deane, J. A. (2016) · Physiotherapy Practice and Research · doi:10.3233/ppr-160073 · Cited by 7
“These dysautonomias may be a primary cause of physical deconditioning or present as a secondary effect of reduced fitness [20].”
InfluentialOn Pins and Needles: Complex Pain and Malnutrition
Purkaple, B. A., & Middleman, A. B. (2016) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922816656629 · Cited by 7
“This patient’s orthostatic syncopal episode, while potentially related to his malnutrition, can also be linked to EDS-HT through an association to various dysautonomias.(7,8) Furthermore, BB complained of almost lifelong gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, which has a strong connection to EDS-HT.”
BackgroundEDS‐related Feeding Difficulties
Kilgore, A., Hawa, J. T., Liu, E., Belkind‐Gerson, J., & Santucci, K. K. (2021) · JPGN Reports · doi:10.1097/pg9.0000000000000147 · Cited by 6
Le syndrome de tachycardie posturale (PoTS) : une maladie pour l’interniste
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Pathophysiology of neurally-mediated syncope
Malamud-Kessler, C., Bruno, E., Chiquete, E., Sentíes-Madrid, H., & Campos, M. A. L. (2016) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2014.04.015 · Cited by 6
“This supranuclear influence is not well understood yet, but it is associated with alterations in BP attributed to mechanisms or central commands, and linked to emotions, cognitive activities, and voluntary muscle contraction.(26,38,43) The aim of the BR is short-term stabilisation of BP in response to the different va…”
BackgroundCarbone, F., Goelen, N., Fikree, A., Aziz, Q., & Tack, J. (2021) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14086 · Cited by 5
Eftekhari, H., Pearce, G., Staniszewska, S. H., & Seers, K. (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104986 · Cited by 8
Suspected COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Maharaj, N., Swarath, S., Seecheran, R. V., Seecheran, V. K., Panday, A., & Seecheran, N. A. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.34236 · Cited by 5
“POTS management is multifaceted to suppress cardiovascular dysfunction and mitigate symptoms [18].”
BackgroundIntermittent Autonomic Disorders and Emotion: A Two-way Street?
Owens, A. P., Low, D. A., Critchley, H., & Mathias, C. J. (2015) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.442 · Cited by 5
Self-citationRetinal arterial tortuosity in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Ghoraba, H. H., & Moshfeghi, D. M. (2022) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-022-02278-x · Cited by 5
The incidence of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in the population of Zagreb, Croatia
Adamec, I., Crnošija, L., Ruška, B., Pavičić, T., Junaković, A., Skorić, M. K., Pekmezovic, T. D., & Habek, M. (2020) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2020.61.422 · Cited by 6
“Another example is a review by Matthias et al, which estimated a prevalence of 170 cases per 100 000, referencing an article on orthostatic intolerance in a group of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (16,17).”
Recognizing the Scale of Joint Hypermobility Burden: Comment on the Article by Mulvey et al
Hakim, A. J., & Grahame, R. (2013) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22221 · Cited by 5
Self-citationAutonomic Aspects of Neurology
Mathias, C. J., Ingle, G. T., & Iodice, V. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118486160.ch24 · Cited by 5
Self-citationWei, L., Cheng, H., Chen, S., Dai, J., Li, G., Ding, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, K., Li, J., & Hou, J. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0327236 · Cited by 4
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Functional Syncope in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Orthostatic Hypotension and Orthostatic Intolerance
Mathias, C. J., Iodice, V., Low, D. A., & Galizia, G. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00113-x · Cited by 4
Self-citationGeenen, R., & Lumley (2018) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-878-5-i
Metabonomic Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer: What are The Advantages and Considerations?
Hong, Y., Esuvaranathan, K., Pasikanti, K. K., & Chan, E. C. Y. (2015) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio.15.192 · Cited by 4
Hypermobility and autonomic hyperactivity : relevance for the expression of psychiatric symptoms
Eccles, J. (2016) · Cited by 4
Kampoureli, C. N., Rae, C. L., van Praag, C. G., Harrison, N. A., Garfinkel, S. N., Critchley, H., & Eccles, J. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2024.259 · Cited by 3
“The left inferior frontal gyrus psychophysiological interaction did not produce statistically significant results.”
Wide range of clinicopathological features in immune‐mediated autonomic neuropathies
Koike, H., & Sobue, G. (2013) · Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1111/cen3.12003 · Cited by 3
“The onset of symptoms might be acute and can occur after infection, trauma or surgery.(88,90) Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is characterized by an impairment of gastrointestinal motility without any evidence of anatomical obstruction.”
BackgroundCastori, M., & Colombi, M. (2015) · Journal de Réadaptation Médicale Pratique et Formation en Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation · doi:10.1016/j.jrm.2015.08.003 · Cited by 3
Shortland, J., Uzun, O., Wilson, D., Stuart, G., & Walsh, M. (2016) · HeartRhythm Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.hrcr.2016.07.009 · Cited by 3
“Patients on the most severe end of the spectrum often have an underlying dysautonomia; conditions such as hypermobility, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and chronic fatigue are frequently described to coexist.(4) The Closed Loop Stimulation (CLS) function has been successfully used in patients with v…”
BackgroundEhlers-Danlos syndrome: a review
Nayani, S., Dick, J., & Curl, C. (2019) · Dental Update · doi:10.12968/denu.2019.46.7.634 · Cited by 3
Awal, D. H., Lloyd, T., & Petersen, H. J. (2014) · Oral Surgery · doi:10.1111/ors.12129 · Cited by 3
Ballantine, R., Strassheim, V., & Newton, J. L. (2019) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2016.0035 · Cited by 3
A Case of Chronic Thrombocytopenia in a 17-Year-Old Female
Riley, R. S., Khan, A., Pai, S., Warmke, L. M., Winkler, M. R., & Gunning, W. T. (2019) · Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/labmed/lmz013 · Cited by 3
Deolalikar, S., Neeraj, Pannu, A., & Pandian, J. D. (2019) · CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research · doi:10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_81_18 · Cited by 3
“[14,15] Dependent acrocyanosis (dark‑red discoloration of legs) is another major feature present in 40%–50% of patients with POTS.”
BackgroundInfluentialConditions Associated with Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: POTS, MCAS, EDS
DeCicco, J. P., Johnson, J., & Wilson, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80740-4_6 · Cited by 2
Ren, R., Chen, T., Illescas, A., Yin, C., Chan, W., Candan, B., Poeran, J., Malhotra, A., Memtsoudis, S. G., Sideris, A., et al. (2026) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1136/rapm-2026-107817 · Cited by 2
Do meals affect heart rate and symptoms in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome?
Bourne, K. M., Stiles, L. E., Raj, S. R., & Shibao, C. A. (2021) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-021-00835-0 · Cited by 2
“Anecdotally, many patients have reported some symptom improvement or mitigation following a low carbohydrate diet, and eating smaller meals throughout the day rather than three larger meals per day [5].”
BackgroundRamírez-Paesano, C. R., Clarens, C. R., Segovia, A. S., Bustinza, A. C., Olive, J. R., & Galceran, A. J. (2023) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-023-02829-9 · Cited by 2
Tosas, M. R. (2025) · The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine · doi:10.1093/jmp/jhaf004 · Cited by 2
“2 Skin hyperextensibility; chronic pain (Murray et al., 2013); chronic fatigue (Castori et al., 2011; Murray et al., 2013) often resulting from POTS (Mathias et al., 2011) and dysautonomia (Tinkle et al., 2017); cardiovascular symptoms, such as mild dilatation of the aortic root (Atzinger et al.,…”
Complex breathlessness in postural tachycardia syndrome and autonomic dysfunction
Gall, N. P., & Reilly, C. C. (2022) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/2312508x.10013621 · Cited by 2
Kirbiš, M., Bajrović, F. F., Sajko, M. Č., Meglič, B., & Grad, A. (2013) · Slovenian Medical Journal · doi:10.6016/1949 · Cited by 2
“…is a one-off reflex event which does occur in patients with POTS and other forms of orthostatic intolerance, but is by no means limited to them .8,14,19 Taken together, our observations suggest that HR change during early HUT can be used as additional information that alerts the interpreting…”
Nutritional Supplementation in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Castori, M., Bruschini, M., & Blundo, C. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411462-3.00017-5 · Cited by 2
Autonomic History Taking and Key Symptoms: Where Is the Autonomic Disease?
Fanciulli, A., Indelicato, E., & Wenning, G. K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05143-7_2 · Cited by 2
Said, S. A., & Bloo, R. (2018) · HAL · Cited by 2
Ramírez-Paesano, C. R., Galceran, A. J., Vicenҫ, G. G., Bartolomé, O. A., Clarens, C. R., Josep, R. O., Jesús, S. F., & Francisco, M. G. (2020) · Neurology - Research & Surgery · doi:10.33425/2641-4333.1030 · Cited by 2
Berganzo, K., Tijero, B., Zarranz, J. J., & Gómez‐Esteban, J. C. (2013) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2013.01.005 · Cited by 2
Symptoms in Daily Life and Activity Level of Women with and without Hypermobility
Mebes, C. M., Luder, G., Schmid, S., Stettler, M., Stutz, U., & Radlinger, L. (2018) · Rheumatology Current Research · doi:10.4172/2161-1149.1000241 · Cited by 2
“Postural tachycardia syndrome is also one common disorder, which may be associated with joint hypermobility syndrome [6,7].”
BackgroundThe Autonomic Laboratory for Evaluating Syncope/Collapse: Investigations and Their Implications
Mathias, C. J., Owens, A. P., & Iodice, V. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44507-2_19 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Mathias, C. J., Low, D. A., Iodice, V., Owens, A. P., Kirbis, M., & Grahame, R.
- Affiliations
- St Mary's Hospital (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mathias, Christopher J.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neurology
- Published
- 2011-12-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22-34
- ISSN
- 1759-4758 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4766
- OpenAlex
- W2023404533
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic intolerance, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, pathophysiology, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type, joint hypermobility syndrome, syncope, palpitations, dizziness, autonomic failure, multiple system atrophy, orthostatic hypotension, neuroepidemiology, treatment
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
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