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Cited by 99Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesConnective tissue disorders research

Neuroimaging and psychophysiological investigation of the link between anxiety, enhanced affective reactivity and interoception in people with joint hypermobility

Open access
Mallorquí-Bagué, Núria, Garfinkel, Sarah N., Engels, Miriam, Eccles, Jessica A., Pailhez, Guillem, Bulbena, Antonio, Critchley, Hugo D.·2014·Frontiers in Psychology
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01162PMC PMC4196473
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Anxiety is associated with increased physiological reactivity and also increased "interoceptive" sensitivity to such changes in internal bodily arousal. Joint hypermobility, an expression of a common variation in the connective tissue protein collagen, is increasingly recognized as a risk factor to anxiety and related disorders. This study explored the link between anxiety, interoceptive sensitivity and hypermobility in a sub-clinical population using neuroimaging and psychophysiological evaluation. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy volunteers undertook interoceptive sensitivity tests, a clinical examination for hypermobility and completed validated questionnaire measures of state anxiety and body awareness tendency. Nineteen participants also performed an emotional processing paradigm during functional neuroimaging. RESULTS: We confirmed a significant relationship between state anxiety score and joint hypermobility. Interoceptive sensitivity mediated the relationship between state anxiety and hypermobility. Hypermobile, compared to non-hypermobile, participants displayed heightened neural reactivity to sad and angry scenes within brain regions implicated in anxious feeling states, notably insular cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the dependence of anxiety state on bodily context, and increase our understanding of the mechanisms through which vulnerability to anxiety disorders arises in people bearing a common variant of collagen.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

In a non-clinical sample, joint hypermobility was associated with higher state anxiety, and interoceptive sensitivity (heartbeat mental tracking) mediated this relationship. Hypermobile participants also showed greater neural reactivity to sad and angry scenes in interoception/emotion regions, notably insula.

Key findings

  • Among 36 healthy volunteers, 14 (38.9%) met Beighton criteria for joint hypermobility; hypermobile individuals had higher state anxiety than non-hypermobile individuals (rpb = 0.318, p = 0.029).
  • State anxiety correlated with better mental-tracking interoceptive accuracy (r = 0.284, p = 0.046), and hypermobile participants performed better on this task than non-hypermobile participants (rpb = 0.387, p = 0.020); interoception mediated the hypermobility–state anxiety association.
  • In the fMRI subgroup (n = 19; 9 hypermobile), hypermobile participants again showed higher state anxiety (rpb = 0.387, p = 0.050) and better mental-tracking accuracy (rpb = 0.438, p = 0.030).
  • During sad vs neutral images, hypermobile participants had greater activity in insula, brainstem, parietal/sensorimotor cortices, inferolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal cortices, and thalamus; during anger vs neutral images, greater activity in cerebellum, temporal cortices, and thalamus (cluster size >7; p = 0.001).

Methods

  • Thirty-six healthy volunteers (16 male, 20 female) completed heartbeat detection tasks (heartbeat perception and mental tracking), a clinical Beighton hypermobility examination, STAI state anxiety, and MAIA body-awareness questionnaires.
  • Nineteen right-handed participants from this sample underwent fMRI while viewing neutral, angry, and sad IAPS-derived scenes in a blocked design; analyses contrasted sad vs neutral and anger vs neutral, then compared hypermobile vs non-hypermobile groups.
  • Statistical analyses included correlations/point-biserial tests, mediation regression for hypermobility–interoception–state anxiety, and voxel-wise fMRI group comparisons with cluster correction (voxel p < 0.001, >7 contiguous voxels, FWE p < 0.05).

Limitations

  • Stated: relatively small number of participants underwent detailed assessments; the sample was non-clinical, so relevance to clinical anxiety populations relies on other literature; the accepted hypermobility cut-off remains debated.
  • Evident from the text: the fMRI subgroup was small (n = 19; 9 hypermobile), and the cross-sectional design cannot establish causality despite mediation analysis.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01162

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

6 of 31 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    People with features of hypermobility manifest larger amygdala volume bilaterally compared to participants without any hypermobility.

    “notably people with features of hypermobility manifest larger amygdala volume bilaterally compared to participants without any hypermobility (Eccles et al., 2012).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Eccles et al., 2012 source
  • Premisecitation

    Hypermobile participants scored higher on questionnaire ratings of body awareness than non-hypermobile people.

    “Interestingly, the same study shows that the hypermobile participants scored higher on questionnaire ratings of body awareness (an index of interoceptive sensibility) than non-hypermobile people.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Eccles et al., 2012 source
  • Findingown data

    The associations between state anxiety and the body awareness subscales were amplified in individuals with greatest state anxiety.

    “These associations were amplified in individuals with greatest state anxiety.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The positive association between state anxiety and mental tracking interoceptive sensitivity was particularly observed for those scoring in the higher range for state anxiety (n = 9, rpb = 0.385, p = 0.010) compared to those with lower state anxiety scores.

    “This association was particularly observed for those scoring in the higher range for state anxiety (n = 9, rpb = 0.385; p = 0.010) compared to those with lower state anxiety scores.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In the imaging subgroup (n = 19), hypermobile participants (n = 9) showed significantly higher state anxiety scores (rpb = 0.387, p = 0.050) than non-hypermobile participants.

    “As in the larger group, hypermobile participants (n = 9) in the imaging subgroup (n = 19) showed significantly higher state anxiety scores (rpb = 0.387, p = 0.050) and a better performance in the mental tracking interoceptive sensitivity task (rpb = 0.438, p = 0.030) than non-hypermobile participants.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 23
  • May combine two claims. 13

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Hyperactivity within the insula, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex occurs during anxiety symptom provocation.

    “and occurs during anxiety symptom provocation (Holzschneider and Mulert, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Holzschneider and Mulert, 2011 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Right anterior insula aids interoceptive awareness of body states, including the ability to detect the timing of one's own heartbeat.

    “Furthermore, right anterior insula aids interoceptive awareness of body states, including as the ability to detect the timing of one's own heartbeat (Simmons et al., 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Simmons et al., 2012 source

      The Introduction links insula activity to heartbeat detection and notes that the anterior insula can be active during interoceptive awareness. But the Discussion identifies the study’s interoceptive-selective regions as mid-insular and its right anterior insula region as responsive to exteroceptive attention. The Methods asked participants to rate how quickly their heart was beating, not to detect the timing of individual heartbeats; the specific claim about the right anterior insula is therefore unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In social interaction, insula is involved in emotional processing and empathy but it is fundamentally implicated in homeostasis; mapping and controlling autonomic functions and regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

    “In social interaction, insula is involved in emotional processing and empathy (Lamm and Singer, 2010) but it is fundamentally implicated in homeostasis; mapping and controlling autonomic functions and regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems (Gianaros et al., 2012; Critchley and Harrison, 2013).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Lamm and Singer, 2010 source
    • cites Gianaros et al., 2012 source
    • cites Critchley and Harrison, 2013 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Higher affective reactivity is described in people with anxiety disorders, particularly social anxiety disorder, where patients also display hyper-reactivity within similar brain regions.

    “Higher affective reactivity is described in people with anxiety disorders, particularly social anxiety disorder, where patients also display hyper-reactivity within similar brain regions (Goldin et al., 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Goldin et al., 2009 source

      The Discussion’s Emotional Reactivity section reports greater negative emotion in patients with social anxiety disorder than in controls during both social and physical threat, and greater neural responses in emotion-related regions during social threat. It reports no between-group neural difference for physical threat. The study does not establish that these findings apply to anxiety disorders generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Nine (42.1%) of the 19 participants in the neuroimaging subsample met criteria for joint hypermobility.

    “Nine (42.1%) of this subsample met criteria for joint hypermobility.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    There were no significant differences in anxiety or body awareness scores between male and female participants.

    “Across the thirty-six non-clinical volunteers (16 male and 20 female) who participated in the study (Table 1), there were no significant differences in anxiety or body awareness scores between male and female participants.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In the hypermobile group, state anxiety negatively correlated with MAIA attention regulation (r = −0.612, p = 0.02) and with MAIA trusting body sensations (r = −0.503, p = 0.06, not significant).

    “These results were also extensive to the hypermobile group, where state anxiety scores negatively correlated with MAIA attention regulation (r = −0.612, p = 0.02) and with MAIA trusting body sensations subscales (r = −0.503, p = 0.06), although the observed tendency was not significant in this latter subscale.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Correction for multiple comparisons was undertaken using voxel-wise and extent thresholds, with 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations establishing a voxel-level significance of P < 0.001 and clusters exceeding seven contiguous voxels for family-wise error correction of P < 0.05.

    “Correction for multiple comparisons was undertaken using the combination of voxel-wise and extent thresholds (Slotnick, 2004) 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations established the simultaneous requirement for a voxel level significance of P < 0.001 and activation clusters exceeding seven contiguous voxels for equivalency a family wise error correction of P < 0.05.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Slotnick, 2004 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Beighton clinical exploration of hypermobility was conducted by a trained and experienced clinician, with inter-examiner reliability (kappa) ranging from 0.8 to 1.

    “Hypermobility symptoms were quantified using the Beighton clinical exploration of hypermobility (Beighton et al., 1989) which requires a physical examination that was conducted by a trained and experienced clinician (according to the basis of the clinical rheumatologists' standards, kappa inter-examiners reliability ranged from 0, 8 to 1).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Beighton et al., 1989 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Mediation analysis requires that the predictor is significantly and independently related to all mediators and to the dependent variable.

    “Mediation first requires that the predictor is significantly and independently related to all mediators and to the dependent variable (Baron and Kenny, 1986).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Baron and Kenny, 1986 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Hyperactivity within the insula, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex is coupled to exaggerated autonomic arousal responses.

    “Hyperactivity within these regions is coupled to exaggerated autonomic arousal responses (Critchley and Harrison, 2013)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Critchley and Harrison, 2013 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Interoception, the sensitivity to changes in the internal physiological state of the body, is fundamental to emotional feelings.

    “Interoception (i.e., sensitivity to changes in the internal physiological state of the body) is considered to be fundamental to such emotional feelings (Damasio, 1994).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Damasio, 1994

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    For correlation analyses, 37 participants were estimated necessary with a correlation coefficient of 0.45.

    “For correlation analyses 37 participants were estimated necessary, with a correlation coefficient of 0.45.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Anxiety state depends on bodily context, and the findings increase understanding of the mechanisms through which vulnerability to anxiety disorders arises in people with a common variant of collagen.

    “Our findings highlight the dependence of anxiety state on bodily context, and increase our understanding of the mechanisms through which vulnerability to anxiety disorders arises in people bearing a common variant of collagen.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms through which joint hypermobility and anxiety symptoms interrelate.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Responses within the insula, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex are linked to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders.

    “In particular, responses within insula, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex are linked both to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders (Damsa et al., 2009; Shurick and Gross, 2013).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Damsa et al., 2009 source
    • cites Shurick and Gross, 2013 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    One-tailed analyses were performed based on positive associations established across previous studies between state anxiety and joint hypermobility, and between state anxiety and interoception sensitivity.

    “One-tailed analyses were performed based on positive associations established across all previous studies and literature, between state anxiety and joint hypermobility, and between state anxiety and interoception sensitivity (i.e., heart beat detection tasks).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Individuals with joint hypermobility often present autonomic abnormalities and stress-sensitive illnesses, including fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome.

    “Individuals with joint hypermobility often present autonomic abnormalities and stress-sensitive illnesses, including fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome (Smith et al., 2014).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Smith et al., 2014 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The results confirm that increased interoceptive sensitivity is associated with increased likelihood of anxiety and increased vulnerability to developing anxiety disorders.

    “our results confirm a primary hypothesis that increased interoceptive sensitivity is associated with increased likelihood of anxiety [and increased vulnerability to developing anxiety disorders (Domschke et al., 2010)].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Domschke et al., 2010 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    A sample size of 16 participants per group was necessary to detect a difference of at least 0.5 units in interoceptive sensitivity with 80% power at an alpha of 0.05.

    “Accepting an alpha risk of 0.05 and a beta risk of 0.2 in a two- sided test, 16 participants were necessary in each group to recognize as statistically significant a difference greater than or equal to 0.5 units in interoceptive sensitivity.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The study was approved by the Brighton and Sussex Medical School Research Governance and Ethics Committee.

    “The study was approved by the Brighton and Sussex Medical School Research Governance and Ethics Committee RGEC.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    One participant was removed from the fMRI analyses due to non-compliance and excessive movement, resulting in 19 participants.

    “One participant was removed from the fMRI analyses due to non-compliance with experimental procedures and excessive movement in the scanner, resulting in 19 (9 male and 10 female) right handed participants.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The enhanced activity within the insular cortex likely supports the association between hypermobility and interoceptive sensitivity (high accuracy in heartbeat detection) and, by extension, its association to anxiety.

    “Thus, the enhanced activity within the insular cortex likely supports the association between hypermobility and interoceptive sensitivity (high accuracy in heartbeat detection) and, by extension, its association to anxiety.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationcitation

    The relevance of the findings to clinical anxiety populations is grounded on other literature, notably patient studies that also highlight associations between anxiety, interoceptive sensitivity and hypermobility.

    “Thus, the relevance to clinical anxiety populations is grounded on other literature, notably patient studies that also highlight associations between anxiety, interoceptive sensitivity and hypermobility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The study had a relatively small number of participants who underwent detailed assessments.

    “Our study has some limitations, including the relatively small number of participants who underwent these detailed assessments.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study infers associations with anxiety symptoms from data acquired in a non-clinical sample.

    “Moreover, we infer associations with anxiety symptoms from data acquired in a non-clinical sample.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    In PoTS, heart rate significantly increases when standing upright to maintain blood pressure.

    “In PoTS, heart rate significantly increases when standing upright to maintain blood pressure (Freeman et al., 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Freeman et al., 2011 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Hypermobile individuals do not only have greater interoceptive sensitivity but also higher emotional reactivity to visual stimuli with affective salience.

    “Thus, hypermobile individuals do not only have greater interoceptive sensitivity but also higher emotional reactivity to visual stimuli with affective salience.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The study used an accepted cut-off point of hypermobility among the scientific and clinical community, but this remains a point of discussion.

    “Lastly, while we used an accepted cut-off point of hypermobility among the scientific and clinical community, this still remains a point of discussion.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    This uncontrolled increased cardiac response may result, through associative learning mechanisms, in increased interoceptive sensitivity, which in turn may have emotional consequences.

    “This uncontrolled increased cardiac response may result (through associative learning mechanisms) in increased interoceptive sensitivity (Pollatos et al., 2007a), which in turn may have emotional consequences.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Pollatos et al., 2007a source
    • Rests on an assumption: In people with joint hypermobility, there is variant collagen in both joints and vasculature.
    • Rests on an assumption: Many hypermobile people develop autonomic symptoms (e.g., racing heartbeat) related to problems with orthostatic vasoconstriction.
    • Rests on an assumption: In more severe cases this is expressed as form of dysautonomia known as postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS).
29 of 29

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The average delay between the R-wave and the arrival of the pulse wave is 250 ms.

    “Assuming an average delay of 250 ms between the R-wave and the arrival of the pulse wave (Payne et al., 2006)”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms through which joint hypermobility and anxiety symptoms interrelate.

    “However, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms through which joint hypermobility and anxiety symptoms interrelate.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The mechanisms underpinning the association between anxiety and hypermobility have not previously been explored in detail.

    “The mechanisms underpinning the association between anxiety and hypermobility have not previously been explored in detail.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The study is the first functional laboratory and neuroimaging study of the relationship between anxiety and hypermobility that also examines interoceptive sensitivity (heartbeat detection).

    “To conclude, we present the first functional laboratory and neuroimaging study of the relationship between anxiety and hypermobility that also examines interoceptive sensitivity (heartbeat detection).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In people with joint hypermobility, there is variant collagen in both joints and vasculature.

    “In people with joint hypermobility, there is variant collagen in both joints and vasculature.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Many hypermobile people develop autonomic symptoms (e.g., racing heartbeat) related to problems with orthostatic vasoconstriction.

    “Many hypermobile people develop autonomic symptoms (e.g., racing heartbeat) related to problems with orthostatic vasoconstriction.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In more severe cases this is expressed as form of dysautonomia known as postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS).

    “In more severe cases this is expressed as form of dysautonomia known as postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS).”
7 of 7

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Activation of the anterior insula is associated with anxiety level.

    “Other research has shown that activation of the anterior insula is associated with anxiety level (Terasawa et al., 2013; Mallorquí-Bagué et al., 2014).”

    From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Mallorquí-Bagué et al., 2014

    The Discussion (page unavailable) links enhanced insular activity to hypermobility and interoceptive sensitivity and, by extension, to anxiety. The Results > Whole brain analysis (page unavailable) reports greater insula activation in hypermobile participants viewing emotional images. The paper does not report a direct association between anterior-insula activation and measured anxiety levels. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Higher anxiety is associated with higher interoceptive accuracy as measured by the heartbeat tracking task.

    “Mallorquí-Bagué et al. (2014) demonstrated that higher anxiety was associated with higher interoceptive accuracy as measured by the heartbeat tracking task.”

    From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Mallorquí-Bagué et al., 2014

  • Neuroimaging studies of individuals with joint hypermobility have identified structural and functional differences within brain regions implicated in emotional arousal, reactivity and feelings, notably the amygdala and insula.

    “Correspondingly, neuroimaging studies of individuals with joint hypermobility have identified structural and functional differences within brain regions implicated in emotional arousal, reactivity and feelings, notably amygdala16 and insula.17”

    From Variant connective tissue (joint hypermobility) and its relevance to depression and anxiety in adolescents: a cohort-based case–control study (2022) · cites this paper as [17]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Imaging-subgroup hypermobility percentage is incorrect

    Minor

    Nine of the 19 imaging participants is 47.4%, not 42.1%.

    Reported 42.1 · recomputed 47.368421

  • Table 2 includes a cluster that does not exceed its stated threshold

    Minor

    Table 2 specifies cluster size greater than seven, but its left-thalamus entry has a cluster size of exactly seven. A brainstem entry also has size seven.

  • Picture counts imply 42 blocks, not 40

    Minor

    The four stated picture counts total 168. At four images per block, they require 42 blocks rather than the stated 40.

  • Overall age statistics differ between the text and Table 1

    Minor

    The same 36 participants are described with a mean age and SD of 24.1 ± 6.5 years in the text, but 24.83 ± 5.04 in Table 1.

  • Overall joint-hypermobility mean does not match subgroup means

    Minor

    Weighting the reported subgroup means by their sizes gives 3.21, rather than the overall mean of 3.40 in Table 1.

    Reported 3.4 · recomputed 3.207222

5 of 5

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Related

Authors
Mallorquí-Bagué, N., Garfinkel, S. N., Engels, M., Eccles, J. A., Pailhez, G., Bulbena, A., & Critchley, H. D.
Affiliations
  • Brighton and Sussex Medical School (GB)
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2014-10-14
Volume
5
Pages
1162-1162
ISSN
1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01162
PMC
PMC4196473
OpenAlex
W2040629258
Semantic Scholar
cfd892c2e23a926470df09cdbdc48e6e50619928
Cited by
97
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12
FWCI
6.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
Funders
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2009-27-003)
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K002643/1)
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Connective tissue disorders research
Keywords
joint hypermobility, anxiety, interoception, interoceptive sensitivity, emotional reactivity, emotional processing, insula, body awareness, state anxiety

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