Body fat and fat-free mass and all-cause mortality

Bigaard, Janne; Frederiksen, Kirsten; Tjønneland, Anne; Thomsen, Birthe Lykke; Overvad, Kim; Heitmann, Berit Lillienthal; Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.

doi:10.1038/oby.2004.131

Cited by 288Body Composition Measurement TechniquesObesity, Physical Activity, DietCancer Risks and Factors

Body fat and fat-free mass and all-cause mortality

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Bigaard, Janne, Frederiksen, Kirsten, Tjønneland, Anne, Thomsen, Birthe Lykke, Overvad, Kim, Heitmann, Berit Lillienthal, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.·2004·Obesity Research

DOI 10.1038/oby.2004.131

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether the association between BMI and all‐cause mortality could be disentangled into opposite effects of body fat and fat‐free mass (FFM). Research Methods and Procedures: All‐cause mortality was studied in the Danish follow‐up study “Diet, Cancer and Health” with 27, 178 men and 29, 875 women 50 to 64 years old recruited from 1993 to 1997. By the end of year 2001, the median follow‐up was 5.8 years, and 1851 had died. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Cox regression models were used to estimate the relationships among body fat mass index (body fat mass divided by height squared), FFM index (FFM divided by height squared), and mortality. All analyses were adjusted for smoking habits. Results: Men and women showed similar associations. J‐shaped associations were found between body fat mass index and mortality adjusted for FFM and smoking. The mortality rate ratios in the upper part of body fat mass were 1.12 per kg/m 2 (95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.18) in men and 1.06 per kg/m 2 (95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.10) in women. Reversed J‐shaped associations were found between FFM index and mortality with a tendency to level off for high values of FFM. Discussion: Our findings suggest that BMI represents joint but opposite associations of body fat and FFM with mortality. Both high body fat and low FFM are independent predictors of all‐cause mortality.

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Waist circumference and body composition in relation to all-cause mortality in middle-aged men and women
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Authors: Bigaard, J., Frederiksen, K., Tjønneland, A., Thomsen, B. L., Overvad, K., Heitmann, B. L., & Sørensen, T. I. A.
Affiliations: Danish Cancer Society (DK)
Aalborg University Hospital (DK)
Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
Corresponding author: Bigaard, Janne
ORCID: Bigaard, Janne
Frederiksen, Kirsten
Tjønneland, Anne
Thomsen, Birthe Lykke
Overvad, Kim
Heitmann, Berit Lillienthal
Venue: Obesity Research
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-07
Volume: 12
Issue: 7
Pages: 1042-1049
ISSN: 1071-7323 (ISSN-L)
1550-8528
DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.131
OpenAlex: W2080801231
Cited by: 288
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 4.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 2989 d)
Locations: Obesity Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
Keywords: fat mass, fat-free mass, all-cause mortality, body mass index, body composition, J-shaped association, smoking, middle-aged adults, sex differences
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Aging, Body Composition, Cause of Death, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Prospective Studies, Smoking, Body Mass Index, Electric Impedance

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Body fat and fat-free mass and all-cause mortality

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