Water consumption increases weight loss during a hypocaloric diet intervention in middle-aged and older adults
Open accessAbstract
Water consumption acutely reduces meal energy intake (EI) among middle‐aged and older adults. Our objectives were to determine if premeal water consumption facilitates weight loss among overweight/obese middle‐aged and older adults, and to determine if the ability of premeal water consumption to reduce meal EI is sustained after a 12‐week period of increased water consumption. Adults (n = 48; 55–75 years, BMI 25–40 kg/m 2) were assigned to one of two groups: (i) hypocaloric diet + 500 ml water prior to each daily meal (water group), or (ii) hypocaloric diet alone (nonwater group). At baseline and week 12, each participant underwent two ad libitum test meals: (i) no preload (NP), and (ii) 500 ml water preload (WP). Meal EI was assessed at each test meal and body weight was assessed weekly for 12 weeks. Weight loss was ∼2 kg greater in the water group than in the nonwater group, and the water group (β = −0.87, P < 0.001) showed a 44% greater decline in weight over the 12 weeks than the nonwater group (β = −0.60, P < 0.001). Test meal EI was lower in the WP than NP condition at baseline, but not at week 12 (baseline: WP 498 ± 25 kcal, NP 541 ± 27 kcal, P = 0.009; 12‐week: WP 480 ± 25 kcal, NP 506 ± 25 kcal, P = 0.069). Thus, when combined with a hypocaloric diet, consuming 500 ml water prior to each main meal leads to greater weight loss than a hypocaloric diet alone in middle‐aged and older adults. This may be due in part to an acute reduction in meal EI following water ingestion.
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The sample-size calculation used a power of 0.85, alpha = 0.05, an expected weight-loss difference of 2.0 ± 2.5 kg, a targeted final sample size of 56, and a 20% dropout rate, giving a required sample size of 67.
“The power calculation was based on that described by Dennis et al. (15), except we chose a power of 0.85 (a = 0.05), which was performed based on expected differences in weight loss between weight loss diet groups (mean 6 SD: 2.0 6 2.5 kg) to determine the targeted final sample size (n = 56).Considering a dropout rate of 20%, the sample size required was 67.”
From Effects on weight loss in adults of replacing diet beverages with water during a hypoenergetic diet: a randomized, 24-wk clinical trial (2015) · cites this paper as Dennis et al. (15)
In an interventional study, premeal water consumption in subjects after a weight-loss diet may cause them to lose more weight than control subjects.
“In an interventional study (15), researchers showed that premeal water consumption in subjects after a weight-loss diet may cause them to lose more weight than control subjects.”
From Effects on weight loss in adults of replacing diet beverages with water during a hypoenergetic diet: a randomized, 24-wk clinical trial (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
These results are consistent with the outcome of the study by Dennis et al.
“These results are consistent with the outcome of the study by Dennis et al.”
From Effects on weight loss in adults of replacing diet beverages with water during a hypoenergetic diet: a randomized, 24-wk clinical trial (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
The Results (Intervention; page unavailable) report a 44% greater rate of weight loss in the water group than in the nonwater group. The citing sentence does not identify what “these results” are, so their consistency with Dennis et al.’s outcome cannot be assessed. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Dennis, E. A., Dengo, A. L., Comber, D. L., Flack, K. D., Savla, J., Davy, K. P., & Davy, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Ferrum College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davy, Brenda M.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 300-307
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC2859815
- OpenAlex
- W2120678647
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK075424)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- water consumption, weight loss, hypocaloric diet, middle-aged adults, older adults, overweight and obesity
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Drinking, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Satiety Response, Time Factors, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Overweight
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