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Generation of multiphoton quantum states on silicon

Zhang, Ming, Feng, Lan-Tian, Zhou, Zhi-Yuan, Chen, Yang, Wu, Hao, Li, Ming, Gao, Shi-Ming, Guo, Guo-Ping, Guo, Guang-Can, Dai, Dao-Xin, Ren, Xi-Feng·2019·Light: Science & Applications
DOI 10.1038/s41377-019-0153-yPMC PMC6491612
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Abstract

Multiphoton quantum states play a critical role in emerging quantum technologies and greatly improve our fundamental understanding of the quantum world. Integrated photonics is well recognized as an attractive technology offering great promise for the generation of photonic quantum states with high-brightness, tunability, stability, and scalability. Herein, we demonstrate the generation of multiphoton quantum states using a single-silicon nanophotonic waveguide. The detected four-photon rate reaches 0.34 Hz even with a low-pump power of 600 μW. This multiphoton quantum state is also qualified with multiphoton quantum interference, as well as quantum state tomography. For the generated four-photon states, the quantum interference visibilities are greater than 95%, and the fidelity is 0.78 ± 0.02. Furthermore, such a multiphoton quantum source is fully compatible with the on-chip processes of quantum manipulation, as well as quantum detection, which is helpful for the realization of large-scale quantum photonic integrated circuits (QPICs) and shows great potential for research in the area of multiphoton quantum science.

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Fig. 1 Schematic configuration of our system for the generation and characterization of the multiphoton quantum state with a silicon nanophotonic waveguide. A pulse erbium-doped fiber laser with a repetition rate of 100 MHz was used as the pump light. After a VOA and a prefilter with a bandwidth of 100 GHz, the pump light was input into a Sagnac loop to generate the polarization-encoding quantum state. A postfilter with a bandwidth of 200 GHz was used to block the pump light. A DWDM filter was used to demultiplex photon pairs into the corresponding frequency channels, and a normal architecture for polarization state tomography was used to ascertain the quality of the entangled states. VOA variable optical attenuator, HWP half waveplate, PBS polarization beam splitter, QWP quarter waveplate, PC polarization controller, SNSPD superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Fig. 1 Schematic configuration of our system for the generation and characterization of the multiphoton quantum state with a silicon nanophotonic waveguide. A pulse erbium-doped fiber laser with a repetition rate of 100 MHz was used as the pump light. After a VOA and a prefilter with a bandwidth of 100 GHz, the pump light was input into a Sagnac loop to generate the polarization-encoding quantum state. A postfilter with a bandwidth of 200 GHz was used to block the pump light. A DWDM filter was used to demultiplex photon pairs into the corresponding frequency channels, and a normal architecture for polarization state tomography was used to ascertain the quality of the entangled states. VOA variable optical attenuator, HWP half waveplate, PBS polarization beam splitter, QWP quarter waveplate, PC polarization controller, SNSPD superconducting nanowire single-photon detectorCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Characterization of biphoton polarization-entangled states. a and b are twofold coincidences as a function of the idler polarizer angle when the signal polarizer angle was kept at 0° (red) and 45° (black), respectively. The error bar was obtained from the square root of the experimental data. c and d give the real (Re) and imaginary (Im) parts of the ideal density matrix and the measured density matrix of the biphoton entangled state from frequency channels ±5, respectively. The fidelity was 0.95 ± 0.01, confirming that the generated biphoton quantum state was high quality and very close to the ideal maximally entangled states
Fig. 2 Characterization of biphoton polarization-entangled states. a and b are twofold coincidences as a function of the idler polarizer angle when the signal polarizer angle was kept at 0° (red) and 45° (black), respectively. The error bar was obtained from the square root of the experimental data. c and d give the real (Re) and imaginary (Im) parts of the ideal density matrix and the measured density matrix of the biphoton entangled state from frequency channels ±5, respectively. The fidelity was 0.95 ± 0.01, confirming that the generated biphoton quantum state was high quality and very close to the ideal maximally entangled statesCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Characterization of four-photon polarization-encoding quantum states. a and b are fourfold coincidences as a function of the idler polarizer angles when the signal polarizer angles were kept at 0° (red) and 45° (black), respectively. The error bar was obtained from the square root of the experimental data. c and d give the real (Re) and imaginary (Im) parts of the ideal density matrix and the measured density matrix of the four-photon quantum states, respectively. The fidelity was 0.78 ± 0.02, which is completely satisfactory for further quantum information processing
Fig. 3 Characterization of four-photon polarization-encoding quantum states. a and b are fourfold coincidences as a function of the idler polarizer angles when the signal polarizer angles were kept at 0° (red) and 45° (black), respectively. The error bar was obtained from the square root of the experimental data. c and d give the real (Re) and imaginary (Im) parts of the ideal density matrix and the measured density matrix of the four-photon quantum states, respectively. The fidelity was 0.78 ± 0.02, which is completely satisfactory for further quantum information processingCC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 34

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Metadata

Authors
Zhang, M., Feng, L.-T., Zhou, Z.-Y., Chen, Y., Wu, H., Li, M., Gao, S.-M., Guo, G.-P., Guo, G.-C., Dai, D.-X., & Ren, X.-F.
ORCID
Ren, Xi-Feng
Venue
Light: Science & Applications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-05-01
Volume
8
Issue
1
ISSN
2047-7538
DOI
10.1038/s41377-019-0153-y
PMC
PMC6491612
Cited by
68
References
9
Language
en
Licence

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