A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of extended-release guanfacine in children with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD symptoms: An analysis of secondary outcome measures
Open accessAbstract
In a prior report, we showed that extended-release guanfacine (GEXR) is safe and effective for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) accompanied by ADHD symptoms. Here, we examine the impact of GEXR on oppositional behavior, anxiety, repetitive behavior, and sleep disturbance. Sixty-two subjects with ASD (53 boys, 9 girls; ages 5-14 years) were randomly assigned to GEXR (n = 30) or placebo (n = 32) for 8 weeks. Outcomes include the Home Situation Questionnaire-Modified for ASD (HSQ-ASD), Anxiety scale of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI), Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Modified for ASD (CYBOCS-ASD), and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). A repeated measures linear mixed model was used to determine the effects of treatment group and time on HSQ scores. For other measures, change from baseline was evaluated with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).After 8 weeks of treatment, parent ratings of oppositional behavior on the HSQ declined by 44% (per item mean from 3.4 to 1.9) in the GEXR group compared to 12% (from 3.3 to 2.9) for placebo (p = 0.004). Repetitive behavior on the CYBOCS-ASD showed a significantly greater decline in GEXR-treated participants compared to placebo (24% vs. <1%, p = 0.01). No group differences were observed on CASI Anxiety or CSHQ (p = 0.64 and 0.75, respectively). GEXR was effective in reducing oppositional behavior and, more modestly, repetitive behavior. GEXR was not superior to placebo for anxiety, though baseline anxiety ratings were low. GEXR did not significantly improve sleep habits. Future studies could focus on repetitive behavior or anxiety, symptoms with limited treatment options.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A placebo-controlled study showed guanfacine could be helpful for reducing oppositional and repetitive behaviors in autism.
“A placebo-controlled study showed that guanfacine could be helpful for reducing oppositional and repetitive behaviors”
From Guanfacine’s mechanism of action in treating prefrontal cortical disorders: Successful translation across species (2020) · cites this paper as Politte et al., 2018
In autism, social behaviors are usually not improved by guanfacine.
“although social behaviors are usually not improved (Politte et al., 2018)”
From Guanfacine’s mechanism of action in treating prefrontal cortical disorders: Successful translation across species (2020) · cites this paper as Politte et al., 2018
The Introduction identifies impaired social communication as a core feature of autism, but does not say whether guanfacine improves it. The Results and Discussion report improvements in oppositional and repetitive behavior; the socialization and social-communication scores shown in Table 1 are baseline characteristics, not treatment outcomes. Our copy therefore does not establish that social behaviors are usually unimproved. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Global Prevalence of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G., Koh, Y., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcín, C., Montiel‐Nava, C., Patel, V., Paula, C. S., Wang, C., et al. (2012) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.239 · Cited by 2,636 · see citing works
Owens, J. A., Spirito, A., & McGuinn, M. (2000) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/23.8.1d · Cited by 2,535 · see citing works
Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Reliability and Validity
SCAHILL, L., RIDDLE, M. A., McSWIGGIN-HARDIN, M., ORT, S. I., KING, R. A., GOODMAN, W. K., CICCHETTI, D., & LECKMAN, J. F. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199706000-00023 · Cited by 2,045 · see citing works
Self-citationLord, C., Rutter, M., Goode, S., Heemsbergen, J., Jordan, H., Mawhood, L., & Schopler, E. (1989) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02211841 · Cited by 2,030 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Fombonne, E. (2009) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e31819e7203 · Cited by 1,971 · see citing works
Guy, W. L. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65186-5_300379 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works
(1985) · PubMed · Cited by 1,427 · see citing works
Social Communication Questionnaire
Snow, A. V. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1651 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Wang, M., Ramos, B. P., Paspalas, C. D., Shu, Y., Simen, A., Duque, A., Vijayraghavan, S., Brennan, A., Dudley, A., Nou, E., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.015 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families
Landolf-Fritsche, B., & Roberts, M. C. (1990) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(90)90051-b · Cited by 555 · see citing works
(2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.11.1266 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Characterizing Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Multidimensional Approach
Malow, B. A., Marzec, M. L., McGrew, S. G., Wang, L., Henderson, L. M., & Stone, W. L. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.12.1563 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
McDougle, C. J., Scahill, L. D., Aman, M. G., McCracken, J. T., Tierney, E., Davies, M., Arnold, L. E., Posey, D. J., Martin, A., GHUMAN, J. K., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1142 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Self-citationBearss, K., Johnson, C., Smith, T., Lecavalier, L., Swiezy, N., Aman, M., McAdam, D. B., Butter, E., Stillitano, C., Minshawi, N., et al. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.3150 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Self-citationAman, M. G., Mcdougle, C. J., Scahill, L., Handen, B., Arnold, L. E., Johnson, C., Stigler, K. A., Bearss, K., Butter, E., Swiezy, N. B., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181bfd669 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Self-citationSprafkin, J. N., Gadow, K. D., Salisbury, H., Schneider, J., & Loney, J. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3104_10 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Extended-Release Guanfacine for Hyperactivity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scahill, L., McCracken, J. T., King, B. H., Rockhill, C., Shah, B., Politte, L., Sanders, R., Minjarez, M., Cowen, J., Mullett, J., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15010055 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring the Manifestations of Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Hallett, V., Lecavalier, L., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Cipriano, N., Aman, M. G., McCracken, J. T., McDougle, C. J., Tierney, E., King, B. H., Hollander, E., et al. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1775-1 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationChildren's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Scahill, L. D., McDougle, C. J., WILLIAMS, S. K., Dimitropoulos, A., Aman, M. G., McCracken, J. T., Tierney, E., Arnold, L. E., Cronin, P., Grados, M. A., et al. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000220854.79144.e7 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationHarfterkamp, M., van de Loo-Neus, G., Minderaa, R. B., van der Gaag, R.-J., Escobar, R., Schacht, A., Pamulapati, S., Buitelaar, J. K., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.04.011 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Handen, B. L., Aman, M. G., Arnold, L. E., Hyman, S. L., Tumuluru, R. V., Lecavalier, L., Corbett-Dick, P., Pan, X., Hollway, J. A., Buchan-Page, K. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.08.013 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Reichow, B., Volkmar, F. R., & Bloch, M. H. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1793-z · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Posey, D. J., Aman, M. G., McCracken, J. T., Scahill, L., Tierney, E., Arnold, L. E., Vitiello, B., Chuang, S. Z., Davies, M., Ramadan, Y., et al. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.028 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationParent-Based Sleep Education Workshops in Autism
Reed, H. E., McGrew, S. G., Artibee, K. J., Surdkya, K., Goldman, S. E., Frank, K., Wang, L. H.-C., & Malow, B. A. (2009) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073808331348 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Psychopharmacological interventions in autism spectrum disorder
Accordino, R. E., Kidd, C. L., Politte, L. C., Henry, C. A., & McDougle, C. J. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2016.1154536 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationPearson, D. A., Santos, C. W., Aman, M. G., Arnold, L. E., Casat, C. D., Mansour, R., Lane, D. M., Loveland, K. A., Bukstein, O. G., Jerger, S. W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2012.0096 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Connor, D. F., Grasso, D. J., Slivinsky, M. D., Pearson, G. S., & Banga, A. (2013) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2012.0119 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Scahill, L. D., Jeon, S., Boorin, S. J., McDougle, C. J., Aman, M. G., Dziura, J., McCracken, J. T., Caprio, S., Arnold, L. E., Nicol, G. E., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.016 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationTroost, P. W., Steenhuis, M., Tuynman-Qua, H. G., Kalverdijk, L. J., Buitelaar, J. K., Minderaa, R. B., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2006) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2006.16.611 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Johnson, C. R., DeMand, A., Lecavalier, L., Smith, T. H., Aman, M. G., Foldes, E., & Scahill, L. D. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.12.005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationMurphy, T. K., Fernandez, T. V., Coffey, B. J., Rahman, O., Gavaletz, A., Hanks, C. E., Tillberg, C. S., Ibanez-Gomez, L., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Katsovich, L., et al. (2017) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2017.0024 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep in children with autism with and without autistic regression
Giannotti, F., Cortesi, F., Cerquiglini, A., Vagnoni, C., & Valente, D. (2010) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00882.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Chowdhury, M., Aman, M. G., Lecavalier, L., Smith, T. H., Johnson, C. R., Swiezy, N. B., McCracken, J. T., King, B. H., McDougle, C. J., Bearss, K. E., et al. (2015) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361315593941 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of sleep medication in children with ADHD
Efron, D., Lycett, K., & Sciberras, E. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.10.018 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Strawn, J. R., Compton, S. N., Robertson, B., Albano, A. M., Hamdani, M., & Rynn, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0132 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Rugino, T. A. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714554932 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Findling, R. L., McBurnett, K., White, C., & Youcha, S. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0103 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Changing Patterns of Alpha Agonist Medication Use in Children and Adolescents 2009–2011
Fiks, A. G., Mayne, S. L., Song, L., Steffes, J., Liu, W., McCarn, B., Margolis, B., Grimes, A., Gotlieb, E. M., Localio, R., et al. (2015) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2014.0122 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Martínez-Raga, J., Knecht, C., & de Alvaro, R. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s65735 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism
Lord, C., Charman, T., Havdahl, A., Carbone, P., Anagnostou, E., Boyd, B., Carr, T., de Vries, P. J., Dissanayake, C., Divan, G., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01541-5 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Self-citationAntshel, K. M., & Russo, N. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1020-5 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Signalling pathways in autism spectrum disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Jiang, C.-C., Lin, L., Long, S., Ke, X., Fukunaga, K., Lu, Y., & Han, F. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01081-0 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Wang, X., Wang, B., Wu, C., Wang, J., & Sun, M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24031819 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Fuentes, J., Amaia Hervas, G., Howlin, P., & Party), (. A. W. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01587-4 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Young, S., Hollingdale, J., Absoud, M., Bolton, P., Branney, P., Colley, W., Craze, E., Dave, M., Deeley, Q., Farrag, E., et al. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01585-y · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Persico, A. M., Ricciardello, A., Lamberti, M., Turriziani, L., Cucinotta, F., Brogna, C., Vitiello, B., & Arango, C. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110326 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Zhou, M. S., Nasir, M., Farhat, L. C., Kook, M., Artukoglu, B. B., & Bloch, M. H. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.03.007 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Drug development for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Progress, challenges, and future directions
McCracken, J. T., Anagnostou, E. A., Arango, C., Dawson, G., Farchione, T. R., Mantua, V., McPartland, J. C., Murphy, D., Pandina, G., & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.05.010 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep in autism: A biomolecular approach to aetiology and treatment
Ballester, P., Richdale, A. L., Baker, E. K., & Peiró, A. M. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101357 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Linden, A., Best, L., Elise, F., Roberts, D., Branagan, A., Tay, Y. B. E., Crane, L., Cusack, J., Davidson, B., Davidson, I., et al. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221117931 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapeutic management of sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Bruni, O., Angriman, M., Melegari, M. G., & Ferri, R. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1674283 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2020) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107327 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Lamy, M., & Erickson, C. A. (2018) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2018.08.015 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Bennett (2023) · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000775 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Iffland, M., Livingstone, N., Jorgensen, M. L., Hazell, P., & Gillies, D. M. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011769.pub2 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Review
Neuchat, E. E., Bocklud, B. E., Kingsley, K., Barham, W. T., Luther, P. M., Ahmadzadeh, S., Shekoohi, S., Cornett, E. M., & Kaye, A. D. (2023) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint15020043 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Lamy, M., Pedapati, E. V., Dominick, K. C., Wink, L. K., & Erickson, C. A. (2020) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40272-020-00408-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hong, J. S., Singh, V., & Kalb, L. G. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2414 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Maniram, J., Karrim, S. B., Oosthuizen, F., & Wiafe, E. (2022) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s371013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Relia, S., & Ekambaram, V. (2018) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci6040095 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Theoharides, T. C. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11090860 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Arnsten, A. F. T., Ishizawa, Y., & Xie, Z. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02057-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bosch, O. G., Dornbierer, D., Bavato, F., Quednow, B. B., Landolt, H., & Seifritz, E. (2022) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-1970-3453 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder: Animal models, neural mechanisms, and therapeutics
Maurer, J. J., Choi, A., An, I., Sathi, N., & Chung, S. (2023) · Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms · doi:10.1016/j.nbscr.2023.100095 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Koevoet, D., Deschamps, P. K. H., & Kenemans, J. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1078586 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Thom, R. P., Pereira, J. A., Sipsock, D., & McDougle, C. J. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01292-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep as an outcome measure in ADHD randomized controlled trials: A scoping review
McWilliams, S., Zhou, T., Stöckler, S., Elbe, D., & Ipsiroglu, O. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101613 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Albertini, M. L., Spoto, G., Ceraolo, G., Fichera, M. F., Consoli, C., Nicotera, A. G., & Rosa, G. D. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15090983 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Available Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Old Strategies to New Options
Dell’Osso, L., Bonelli, C., Giovannoni, F., Poli, F., Anastasio, L., Cerofolini, G., Nardi, B., Cremone, I. M., Pini, S., & Carpita, B. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18030324 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gupta, N., & Gupta, M. (2023) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852923002389 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Using pharmacotherapy to address sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorders
Mammarella, V., Orecchio, S., Cameli, N., Occhipinti, S., Marcucci, L., Meo, G. D., Innocenti, A., Ferri, R., & Bruni, O. (2023) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2023.2267761 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pharmacological management of pediatric insomnia
Dhir, S., Karim, N., Berka, H., & Shatkin, J. P. (2024) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2024.1389052 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Martins, P. L. B., Torquato, G. C. P., Dias, G. A. P. F., Leite, I. B., GASPAR, T. M., Pinto, J. P., & Macêdo, D. S. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111089 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Joshi, G., & Wilens, T. E. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2022.03.012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Managing disruptive behaviour in autism-spectrum disorder with guanfacine
Propper, L. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.180039 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Symptom scores and medication treatment patterns in children with ADHD versus autism
Mayes, S. D., Waxmonsky, J. G., Baweja, R. K., Mattison, R. E., Memon, H., Klein, M., Hameed, U., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112937 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
State of the Evidence for Use of Psychotropic Medications in School-Age Youth
Shahidullah, J. D., Roberts, H. J., Parkhurst, J. T., Ballard, R., Mautone, J. A., & Carlson, J. S. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10091454 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Psychotropic Medication Use by Children with Autism Served in Publicly Funded Mental Health Settings
Caplan, B., Chlebowski, C., May, G. C., Baker-Ericzén, M. J., Connor, W., & Brookman-Frazee, L. I. (2021) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000001044 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Alpha-2 Agonists in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Kaye, A. D., Green, A. M., Claude, J. T., Daniel, C. P., Cooley, J. F., Sala, K. R., Potharaju, P., Rieger, R., Patil, S. S., Ahmadzadeh, S., et al. (2024) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-024-02980-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Domenico, C. D., Alito, A., Leonardi, G., Pironti, E., Cara, M. D., Piccolo, A., Settimo, C., Quartarone, A., Gagliano, A., & Cucinotta, F. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14114000 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Maniram, J., Oosthuizen, F., & Karrim, S. B. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01514-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Psychotropic Medications for Sleep Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Rossignol, D. A., & Frye, R. E. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_53 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Recognizing, Managing and Treating Acute Agitation in Youths
Salvi, V., Orsolini, L., Martino, L. M., Pompili, S., & Volpe, U. (2022) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612828666220603144401 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Skoch, S. H. (2022) · Current Psychiatry · doi:10.12788/cp.0200 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Awami, R. A., & Albanna, A. (2020) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.928269 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mammarella, V., Randazzo, L., Romano, S., Breda, M., & Bruni, O. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2025.2508277 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology Management in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Salpekar, J. A., & Scahill, L. D. (2024) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2023.12.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationJagtiani, A., Gandhi, R., Banga, A., Blacker, C. J., Joshi, R., Bollu, B., & Kashyap, R. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.53009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sirao, L., Yaping, H., Yunshan, L., & Dan, L. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251362273 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kawasaki, Y., Suzuki, Y., Miyazaki, K., Suzuki, N., Hoshina, M., Kato, A., Morita, H., & Go, H. (2025) · FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.5387/fms.25-00016 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cortese, S., Besag, F., Clark, B., Hollis, C. P., Kilgariff, J., Moreno, C., Nicholls, D., Wilkinson, P. O., Woodbury‐Smith, M., & Sharma, A. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221140005 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Progress in rehabilitation equipment for autism spectrum disorder
Hou, R., Yang, C., Tao, C., & Fan, Y. (2025) · Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices · doi:10.1016/j.medntd.2025.100365 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gender Trends in Psychotropic Medication Use in Autism
Huber, C. R., Fanaro, Z., & Soti, V. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.26447 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Altun, H., & Arslan, S. C. (2024) · European Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.58600/eurjther1978 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Osmanlı, C. Ç., Baykal, S., Önal, B. S., Şahin, B., & Bozkurt, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-29252-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Integrating Treatment for Autism: Psychiatric Comorbidities and Comprehensive Treatment
Parenteau, C. I., Tsipan, R. M., & Hendren, R. L. (2021) · Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.17759/autdd.2021190105 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
ADHD, Distractibility, and ABA
Orantes, D., Rohacek, A., & Antshel, K. M. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27587-6_20 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Thom, R. K., Thom, R. P., & McDougle, C. J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46463-8_9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of affective dysregulation in ADHD with guanfacine: study protocol
Waltereit, J., Uhlmann, A., Tarassidis, C., Preuss, U., Roessner, V., & Waltereit, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2025.1547672 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A systematic review of the treatments of anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder
Khaleeq, H., Malik, M., & Harpwood, V. (2025) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/10398562251346614 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pharmacological Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Coghill, D. (2020) · Mental health and illness worldwide · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0753-8_47-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chapter 60. Treatment of Child and Adolescent Disorders
Wagner, K., & Pliszka, S. R. (2024) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375523.as60 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Novel therapeutics in autism spectrum disorder
Kevelson, S. D., Elmaghraby, R., Patel, F., Brown, H. R., Gorenstein, M., Bain, J., Grinspan, Z. M., Pedapati, E. V., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., & Vandana, P. (2026) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e00857 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Duan, X., Zhang, P., Yang, Y., Yao, G., Jiaerheng, B., Shou, X., Yong He, A., Han, K., et al. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03596-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Elbeltagi, Y. M., Rasool, A. O. A. R. E., Elkashlan, A. M., & Al‐Beltagi, M. (2026) · World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117274 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Psychotropic Drug Treatment in Childhood and Adolescence
Coghill, D., & Adamo, N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623465.019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder
Carroll, H. M., Thom, R. P., & McDougle, C. J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76269-7_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationPharmacological Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Coghill, D. (2020) · Mental health and illness worldwide · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2348-4_47 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intervention, Treatment, and Management of ADHD
Vloet, T. D., von Polier, G. G., & Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119159322.ch33 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Craniosacral Techniques Were Used for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Sleepwalking
颜, 引. (2019) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2019.93064
عبـدالسـلام, ح. ع. م. (2020) · مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل · doi:10.21608/sero.2020.97521
Los peregrinos noruegos también se dirigieron a Santiago
Njerve, E. (1996) · Peregrino: revista del Camino de Santiago
Jahagirdar, D., & Mahood, Q. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Health Technologies · doi:10.51731/cjht.2022.404
Maniram, J., Oosthuizen, F., & Karrim, S. B. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2182993/v1
Treating Sleep Disturbances in Children with Developmental Disorders
Galion, A. W., Mathur, M., Megerian, J. T., & Min, C. B. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06120-2_22
Sleep and Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Morse, A. M., & Strong, E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62723-1_16
Psychopharmacology for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Cochran, D., Jalnapurkar, I. R., Palmer, A. C., Venuti, L., & Frazier, J. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57472-6_7
Myers, S. M., & Challman, T. D. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824060-1.00038-9
Keary, C. J., Simon, N., & Tourjee, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76269-7_5
A CRH-HCN theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Rappoport, A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-44-345008-2.00011-4
Alpha-2 Agonists in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Henneberry, E. A., & Erickson, C. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197635841.003.0028
Chintalapally, S., Rajanala, K., & Upadhyay, A. K. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1655348
Liu, Y., Wang, R., Srivastava, S., Jo, B., Frazier, T. W., Filip‐Dhima, R., Eng, C., Hanna, R., Sahin, M., Hardan, A. Y., et al. (2025) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-025-03441-y
Ezedinma, U., Burgess, S., Jones, E. B. G., Fjaagesund, S., Metse, A. P., Downer, T., & Oprescu, F. (2026) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-026-00354-2
Kawasaki, Y., Suzuki, Y., Miyazaki, K., Suzuki, N., Hoshina, M., Morita, H., & Go, A. K. A. H. (2026) · FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.5387/fms.26-00007
Guanfacine extended-release use in diagnostic diversity and symptom complexity
Şahin, G. K., Sarı, S., Şener, Z. İ., & Özbaran, N. B. (2026) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2026.1912093
Yamamuro, K., Yamauchi, T., & Makinodan, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2026.1915506
- Authors
- Politte, L. C., Scahill, L., Figueroa, J., McCracken, J. T., King, B., & McDougle, C. J.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Emory University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Politte, Laura C.
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2018-02-27
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1772-1778
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC6006142
- OpenAlex
- W2792963494
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001111, UL1TR000454, UL1TR002378)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH086927, R01MH083707, R01MH083739, R01MH083747)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024139)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD087101, P50HD055784)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, ADHD symptoms, oppositional behavior, repetitive behavior, anxiety, sleep disorders, children, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire
- MeSH terms
- Problem Behavior, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Delayed-Action Preparations, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotropic Drugs, Sleep, Stereotyped Behavior, Guanfacine, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
