Gut microbiome populations are associated with structure-specific changes in white matter architecture
Open accessAbstract
Altered gut microbiome populations are associated with a broad range of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder and mood disorders. In animal models, modulation of gut microbiome populations via dietary manipulation influences brain function and behavior and has been shown to ameliorate behavioral symptoms. With striking differences in microbiome-driven behavior, we explored whether these behavioral changes are also accompanied by corresponding changes in neural tissue microstructure. Utilizing diffusion tensor imaging, we identified global changes in white matter structural integrity occurring in a diet-dependent manner. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of gut bacteria also showed changes in bacterial populations as a function of diet. Changes in brain structure were found to be associated with diet-dependent changes in gut microbiome populations using a machine learning classifier for quantitative assessment of the strength of microbiome-brain region associations. These associations allow us to further test our understanding of the gut-brain-microbiota axis by revealing possible links between altered and dysbiotic gut microbiome populations and changes in brain structure, highlighting the potential impact of diet and metagenomic effects in neuroimaging.
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This is the first meta-analysis that systematically reviewed published data and examined microbiota alterations in patients with ASD.
“Although several reviews suggested a microbiota alteration in patients with ASD (28, 30, 55–60), this is the first meta-analysis that systematically reviewed published data and examined microbiota alterations in patients with ASD.”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
Diet-specific gut microbiota populations potentially influence white matter integrity in rats.
“Additionally, diet-specific gut microbiota populations potentially influence white matter integrity in rats (59).”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ong, I. M., Gonzalez, J. G., McIlwain, S. J., Sawin, E. A., Schoen, A. J., Adluru, N., Alexander, A. L., & Yu, J.-P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Wisconsin System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yu, John-Paul J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Translational Psychiatry
- Published
- 2018-01-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-6
- ISSN
- 2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5802560
- OpenAlex
- W2782568522
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1256259, AI117924, P30CA014520)
- University of Wisconsin-Madison (P30 CA014520, UL1 TR000427)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (CA014520, P30 CA 014520, Grant P30 CA014520)
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000427)
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UL1TR000427)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA014520)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U54AI117924)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB022883)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS UL1TR000427)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD003352)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, white matter microstructure, gut-brain axis, diet, diffusion tensor imaging, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, dysbiosis, neurodevelopmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder, mood disorders, brain structure
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Bacteria, Diet, Male, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, White Matter
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