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Pyroptosis versus necroptosis: similarities, differences, and crosstalk
Open accessAbstract
Pyroptosis and necroptosis represent two pathways of genetically encoded necrotic cell death. Although these cell death programmes can protect the host against microbial pathogens, their dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of autoimmune and auto-inflammatory conditions. The disease-promoting potential of necroptosis and pyroptosis is likely a consequence of their ability to induce a lytic cell death. This cell suicide mechanism, distinct from apoptosis, allows the release of immunogenic cellular content, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), to trigger inflammation. In this Review, we discuss recent discoveries that have advanced our understanding on the primary functions of pyroptosis and necroptosis, including evidence for the specific cytokines and DAMPs responsible for driving inflammation. We compare the similar and unique aspects of pyroptotic- and necroptotic-induced membrane damage, and explore how these may functionally impact distinct intracellular organelles and signalling pathways. We also examine studies highlighting the crosstalk that can occur between necroptosis and pyroptosis signalling, and evidence supporting the physiological significance of this convergence. Ultimately, a better understanding of the similarities, unique aspects and crosstalk of pyroptosis and necroptosis will inform as to how these cell death pathways might be manipulated for therapeutic benefit.
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“In contrast, SCI is typically triggered by DAMPs in the absence of an acute infectious insult or activation of PAMPs30–32.”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
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“The inflammasome is a multimolecular cytosolic sensor that detects pathogenic microorganisms and sterile stressors and activates caspase-1 during the process of pyroptosis, which, in turn, causes the inactive precursor forms of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 to become the active forms.”
From Cytokine storm (2020) · cites this paper as [42]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Frank, D., & Vince, J. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Vince, James E.
- Venue
- Cell Death & Differentiation
- Published
- 2018-10-19
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 99-114
- ISSN
- 1350-9047 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5403
- PMC
- PMC6294779
- OpenAlex
- W2895833591
- Cited by
- 1,062
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 88 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 202 · 2022: 237 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cell Death and Differentiation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Melbourne
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1141466)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- pyroptosis, necroptosis, necrosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, IL-1β, inflammation, autoimmune disease, autoinflammation, membrane damage, intracellular signaling
- MeSH terms
- Alarmins, Pyroptosis, Necroptosis, Gasdermins, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Necrosis, Protein Kinases, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, Caspase 1, HMGB1 Protein, Phosphate-Binding Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Inflammasomes
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