Cited by 107Body Composition Measurement TechniquesSports Performance and TrainingMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Structural and functional body components in athletic health and performance phenotypes

Silva, Analiza M.·2019·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Abstract

Advances in body composition assessment enable a detailed body composition analyses and the respective organization at different levels. Sports-related professionals are interested in understanding how and which body components are relevant for improving performance, prevent injury risk, and monitor athletic health. The aim of this review is to propose an integrative model that links performance, injury risk, and athletic health with body components, and to report their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Cross-sectional studies reveal that endurance athletes with higher fat mass (FM) show a longer race time, whereas a higher fat-free mass benefits power and strength-related tasks. Longitudinal studies indicated that increases in intracellular water, assessed through dilution techniques, were associated with power and strength improvements, independently of weight and lean-soft-tissue changes. There is evidence that athletes involved in weight-sensitive sports restrict energy intake, thus reducing energy availability (EA) and compromising bone health (Female Athlete Triad). To counteract the low EA and related negative energy balance, metabolic adaption (MA) occurs to promote energy conservation. Currently, reference values for body composition assessment using anthropometry and DXA are available for a few sports, according to sex. More research is needed to develop a functional body composition profile according to sports-specific requirements.

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“However, as concerns fat mass in the four-compartment model, a specific formula is considered the most accurate approach, and it requires the assessment of bone mineral content by DXA, total body water by deuterium dilution, and body volume by air displacement plethysmography [8].”
Method
New Frontiers of Body Composition in Sport
Lukaski, H., & Raymond-Pope, C. J. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1373-5881 · Cited by 149
Best practice recommendations for body composition considerations in sport to reduce health and performance risks: a critical review, original survey and expert opinion by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs)
Mathisen, T. F., Ackland, T. R., Burke, L. M., Constantini, N., Haudum, J., Macnaughton, L. S., Meyer, N. L., Mountjoy, M. L., Slater, G., & Sundgot‐Borgen, J. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106812 · Cited by 148
The Predictive Role of Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters in Water Compartments and Fluid Distribution Assessed by Dilution Techniques in Athletes
Francisco, R., Matias, C. N., Santos, D. A., Campa, F., Minderico, C. S., Rocha, P. M., Heymsfield, S. B., Lukaski, H. C., Sardinha, L. B., & Silva, A. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17030759 · Cited by 89
“The adjustment for the covariates was performed since FM, FFM, age, height [11], and sport category [26] were shown to have an impact on the variables under study.”
MethodSelf-citation
Classic Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Reference Values for Assessing Body Composition in Male and Female Athletes
Campa, F., Matias, C. N., Gatterer, H., Toselli, S., Koury, J. C., Andréoli, A., Melchiorri, G., Sardinha, L. B., & Silva, A. M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16245066 · Cited by 76
“The analysis of body composition (BC) is a critical component in the sports field, given its relationship to physical performance [1].”
BackgroundSelf-citation

See all 107

Authors: Silva, A. M.
Affiliations: University of Lisbon (PT)
Corresponding author: Silva, Analiza M.
ORCID: Silva, Analiza M.
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-10-04
Volume: 73
Issue: 2
Pages: 215-224
ISSN: 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
1476-5640
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0321-9
OpenAlex: W2895022728
Cited by: 107
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 1.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: body composition, athletic performance, injury risk, fat mass, fat-free mass, intracellular water, energy availability, female athlete triad, bone health, metabolic adaptation, endurance athletes, reference values, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry
MeSH terms: Anthropometry, Body Composition, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Phenotype, Athletic Performance, Athletes

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Structural and functional body components in athletic health and performance phenotypes

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