Brain-actuated functional electrical stimulation elicits lasting arm motor recovery after stroke
Open accessAbstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are used in stroke rehabilitation to translate brain signals into intended movements of the paralyzed limb. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of BCI-based therapies remain unclear. Here we show that BCI coupled to functional electrical stimulation (FES) elicits significant, clinically relevant, and lasting motor recovery in chronic stroke survivors more effectively than sham FES. Such recovery is associated to quantitative signatures of functional neuroplasticity. BCI patients exhibit a significant functional recovery after the intervention, which remains 6–12 months after the end of therapy. Electroencephalography analysis pinpoints significant differences in favor of the BCI group, mainly consisting in an increase in functional connectivity between motor areas in the affected hemisphere. This increase is significantly correlated with functional improvement. Results illustrate how a BCI–FES therapy can drive significant functional recovery and purposeful plasticity thanks to contingent activation of body natural efferent and afferent pathways.
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Brain-controlled neuromuscular stimulation also mediated durable functional improvements of the engaged muscles after stroke and spinal cord injury.
“Brain-controlled neuromuscular stimulation also mediated durable functional improvements of the engaged muscles after stroke36 and spinal cord injury22,24,37.”
From Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
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Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface
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“Brain-controlled neuromuscular stimulation also mediated durable functional improvements of the engaged muscles after stroke 36 and spinal cord injury 22,24,37 .”
BackgroundMa, Z.-Z., Wu, J.-J., Cao, Z., Hua, X.-Y., Zheng, M.-X., Xing, X.-X., Ma, J., & Xu, J.-G. (2024) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-024-01387-w · Cited by 97 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Biasiucci, A., Leeb, R., Iturrate, I., Perdikis, S., Al-Khodairy, A., Corbet, T., Schnider, A., Schmidlin, T., Zhang, H., Bassolino, M., Viceic, D., Vuadens, P., Guggisberg, A. G., & Millán, J. D. R.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering (CH)
- Clinique Romande de Réadaptation (CH)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Millán, J. d. R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2018-06-20
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2421-2421
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6010454
- OpenAlex
- W2808112130
- Cited by
- 649
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 38.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (acceptedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering
- European Commission (224631)
- National Centre of Competence in Research Robotics
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Keywords
- brain-computer interface, functional electrical stimulation, stroke rehabilitation, chronic stroke, functional plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Stroke Rehabilitation, Arm, Brain, Electroencephalography, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Movement, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Stereotaxic Techniques, Treatment Outcome, Recovery of Function, Stroke, Brain-Computer Interfaces
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