The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
De novo generation of hit-like molecules from gene expression signatures using artificial intelligence
Open accessAbstract
Finding new molecules with a desired biological activity is an extremely difficult task. In this context, artificial intelligence and generative models have been used for molecular de novo design and compound optimization. Herein, we report a generative model that bridges systems biology and molecular design, conditioning a generative adversarial network with transcriptomic data. By doing so, we can automatically design molecules that have a high probability to induce a desired transcriptomic profile. As long as the gene expression signature of the desired state is provided, this model is able to design active-like molecules for desired targets without any previous target annotation of the training compounds. Molecules designed by this model are more similar to active compounds than the ones identified by similarity of gene expression signatures. Overall, this method represents an alternative approach to bridge chemistry and biology in the long and difficult road of drug discovery.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems
Abadi, M., Agarwal, A., Barham, P., Brevdo, E., Chen, Z., Citro, C., Corrado, G. S., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., et al. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1603.04467 · Cited by 9,408
Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets
Mirza, M., & Osindero, S. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1411.1784 · Cited by 8,863
Machine learning for molecular and materials science
Butler, K. T., Davies, D. W., Cartwright, H., Isayev, O., & Walsh, A. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0337-2 · Cited by 4,968
A Next Generation Connectivity Map: L1000 Platform and the First 1,000,000 Profiles
Subramanian, A., Narayan, R., Corsello, S. M., Peck, D. D., Natoli, T. E., Lu, X., Gould, J., Davis, J. F., Tubelli, A. A., Asiedu, J. K., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.049 · Cited by 3,515
Automatic Chemical Design Using a Data-Driven Continuous Representation of Molecules
Gómez-Bombarelli, R., Wei, J. N., Duvenaud, D., Hernández-Lobato, J. M., Sánchez-Lengeling, B., Sheberla, D., Aguilera-Iparraguirre, J., Hirzel, T. D., Adams, R. P., & Aspuru-Guzik, A. (2018) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.7b00572 · Cited by 3,106
AttnGAN: Fine-Grained Text to Image Generation with Attentional Generative Adversarial Networks
Xu, T., Zhang, P., Huang, Q., Zhang, H., Gan, Z., Huang, X., & He, X. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00143 · Cited by 1,923
Genetic and transcriptional evolution alters cancer cell line drug response
Ben-David, U., Siranosian, B., Ha, G., Tang, H., Oren, Y., Hinohara, K., Strathdee, C. A., Dempster, J., Lyons, N. J., Burns, R., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0409-3 · Cited by 931
Deep learning for molecular design—a review of the state of the art
Elton, D. C., Boukouvalas, Z., Fuge, M. D., & Chung, P. W. (2019) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/c9me00039a · Cited by 683
Cited by
Drug discovery with explainable artificial intelligence
Jiménez-Luna, J., Grisoni, F., & Schneider, G. (2020) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00236-4 · Cited by 1,063
Deep learning for molecular design—a review of the state of the art
Elton, D. C., Boukouvalas, Z., Fuge, M. D., & Chung, P. W. (2019) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/c9me00039a · Cited by 683
REINVENT 2.0: An AI Tool for De Novo Drug Design
Blaschke, T., Arús-Pous, J., Chen, H., Margreitter, C., Tyrchan, C., Engkvist, O., Papadopoulos, K., & Patronov, A. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00915 · Cited by 496
Artificial intelligence in drug discovery: recent advances and future perspectives
Jiménez-Luna, J., Grisoni, F., Weskamp, N., & Schneider, G. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2021.1909567 · Cited by 464
Vatansever, S., Schlessinger, A., Wacker, D., Kaniskan, H. Ü., Jin, J., Zhou, M., & Zhang, B. (2021) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21764 · Cited by 429
Deep generative molecular design reshapes drug discovery
Zeng, X., Wang, F., Luo, Y., Kang, S.-G., Tang, J., Lightstone, F. C., Fang, E. F., Cornell, W., Nussinov, R., & Cheng, F. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100794 · Cited by 295
The transformational role of GPU computing and deep learning in drug discovery
Pandey, M., Fernandez, M., Gentile, F., Isayev, O., Tropsha, A., Stern, A. C., & Cherkasov, A. (2022) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-022-00463-x · Cited by 255
Unleashing the power of generative AI in drug discovery
Gangwal, A., & Lavecchia, A. (2024) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103992 · Cited by 195
Generative machine learning for de novo drug discovery: A systematic review
Martinelli, D. D. (2022) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105403 · Cited by 177
Artificial intelligence in chemistry and drug design
Brown, N., Ertl, P., Lewis, R., Luksch, T., Reker, D., & Schneider, N. (2020) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1007/s10822-020-00317-x · Cited by 165
Machine learning for perturbational single-cell omics
Ji, Y., Lotfollahi, M., Wolf, F. A., & Theis, F. J. (2021) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2021.05.016 · Cited by 137
Extending the small-molecule similarity principle to all levels of biology with the Chemical Checker
Duran-Frigola, M., Pauls, E., Guitart-Pla, O., Bertoni, M., Alcalde, V., Amat, D., Juan-Blanco, T., & Aloy, P. (2020) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0502-7 · Cited by 126
Thomas, M., Smith, R. T., O’Boyle, N. M., de Graaf, C., & Bender, A. (2021) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-021-00516-0 · Cited by 78
Niazi, S. K. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18091271 · Cited by 61
Shi, M., Li, X., Li, M., & Si, Y. (2023) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbad329 · Cited by 16
Punjabi, D., Huang, Y.-C., Holzhauer, L., Tremouilhac, P., Friederich, P., Jung, N., & Bräse, S. (2025) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-025-00960-2 · Cited by 12
Punjabi, D., Huang, Y.-C., Holzhauer, L., Tremouilhac, P., Friederich, P., Jung, N., & Bräse, S. (2024) · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-7twhh · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Méndez-Lucio, O., Baillif, B., Clevert, D.-A., Rouquié, D., & Wichard, J.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2020-01-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-10
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2998571806
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 28.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.