Latent virus reactivation in astronauts on the international space station
Open accessAbstract
Reactivation of latent herpes viruses was measured in 23 astronauts (18 male and 5 female) before, during, and after long-duration (up to 180 days) spaceflight onboard the international space station . Twenty age-matched and sex-matched healthy ground-based subjects were included as a control group. Blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected before, during, and after spaceflight. Saliva was analyzed for Epstein–Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1. Urine was analyzed for cytomegalovirus. One astronaut did not shed any targeted virus in samples collected during the three mission phases. Shedding of Epstein–Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus was detected in 8 of the 23 astronauts. These viruses reactivated independently of each other. Reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus increased in frequency, duration, and amplitude (viral copy numbers) when compared to short duration (10 to 16 days) space shuttle missions. No evidence of reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, or human herpes virus 6 was found. The mean diurnal trajectory of salivary cortisol changed significantly during flight as compared to before flight (P = 0.010). There was no statistically significant difference in levels of plasma cortisol or dehydoepiandosterone concentrations among time points before, during, and after flight for these international space station crew members, although observed cortisol levels were lower at the mid and late-flight time points. The data confirm that astronauts undertaking long-duration spaceflight experience both increased latent viral reactivation and changes in diurnal trajectory of salivary cortisol concentrations.
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Reactivation of HSV has been observed in missions from 10 to >180 days in shuttles and ISS.
“The reactivation of HSV has been observed in missions from 10 to >180 days in shuttles and ISS, respectively.”
From Key points for the development of antioxidant cocktails to prevent cellular stress and damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during manned space missions (2021) · cites this paper as [211]
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports no evidence of HSV-1 or HSV-2 reactivation in the astronauts studied; the viruses that reactivated were EBV, VZV, and CMV. It also describes ISS missions of up to 180 days, not more than 180 days. The paper therefore contradicts the claim that HSV reactivation was observed across the stated shuttle and ISS missions. (LLM, conf=0.92)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Mehta, S. K., Laudenslager, M. L., Stowe, R. P., Crucian, B. E., Feiveson, A. H., Sams, C. F., & Pierson, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Johnson Space Center (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Microgen (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mehta, Satish K.
- Venue
- npj Microgravity
- Published
- 2017-04-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-11
- ISSN
- 2373-8065 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5445581
- OpenAlex
- W2605076090
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 10.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- npj Microgravity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (111-30-10-06, 111-30-10-03)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Keywords
- latent viral reactivation, astronauts, long-duration spaceflight, International Space Station, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, human herpesvirus 6, salivary cortisol, diurnal cortisol rhythm, dehydroepiandrosterone, spaceflight immunology
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