The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Large Pockels effect in micro- and nanostructured barium titanate integrated on silicon
Abstract
The electro-optical Pockels effect is an essential nonlinear effect used in many applications. The ultrafast modulation of the refractive index is, for example, crucial to optical modulators in photonic circuits. Silicon has emerged as a platform for integrating such compact circuits, but a strong Pockels effect is not available on silicon platforms. Here, we demonstrate a large electro-optical response in silicon photonic devices using barium titanate. We verify the Pockels effect to be the physical origin of the response, with r 42 = 923 pm V-1, by confirming key signatures of the Pockels effect in ferroelectrics: the electro-optic response exhibits a crystalline anisotropy, remains strong at high frequencies, and shows hysteresis on changing the electric field. We prove that the Pockels effect remains strong even in nanoscale devices, and show as a practical example data modulation up to 50 Gbit s-1. We foresee that our work will enable novel device concepts with an application area largely extending beyond communication technologies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In BTO thin films integrated on Si, the strongest EO coupling occurs when the electric field is applied 45° relative to the BTO crystalline axes 18,23 .”
From Enhancement of Electro-Optic Response in BaTiO3 Films Integrated on Si via Heating and Cooling Rate Control (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
Cites
Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits
Shen, Y., Harris, N. C., Skirlo, S., Prabhu, M., Baehr-Jones, T., Hochberg, M., Sun, X., Zhao, S., Larochelle, H., Englund, D., et al. (2017) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2017.93 · Cited by 3,340
Electrooptical effects in silicon
Soref, R. A., & Bennett, B. R. (1987) · IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/jqe.1987.1073206 · Cited by 2,651
Bogaerts, W., De Heyn, P., Van Vaerenbergh, T., De Vos, K., Kumar Selvaraja, S., Claes, T., Dumon, P., Bienstman, P., Van Thourhout, D., & Baets, R. (2012) · Laser & Photonics Reviews · doi:10.1002/lpor.201100017 · Cited by 2,643
Reed, G. T., Mashanovich, G., Gardes, F. Y., & Thomson, D. J. (2010) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.179 · Cited by 2,470
Integrated all-photonic non-volatile multi-level memory
Rı́os, C., Stegmaier, M., Hosseini, P., Wang, D., Scherer, T., Wright, C. D., Bhaskaran, H., & Pernice, W. H. P. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.182 · Cited by 1,316
Experimental demonstration of reservoir computing on a silicon photonics chip
Vandoorne, K., Mechet, P., Vaerenbergh, T. V., Fiers, M., Morthier, G. I., Verstraeten, D., Schrauwen, B., Dambre, J., & Bienstman, P. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4541 · Cited by 919
All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale
Haffner, C., Heni, W., Fedoryshyn, Y. M., Niegemann, J., Melikyan, A., Elder, D. L., Baeuerle, B., Salamin, Y., Josten, A., Koch, U., et al. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.127 · Cited by 596
Self-citationTowards fabless silicon photonics
Hochberg, M. J., & Baehr-Jones, T. W. (2010) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.172 · Cited by 401
Piezoelectric films for high frequency ultrasonic transducers in biomedical applications
Zhou, Q., Lau, S.-T., Wu, D., & Shung, K. K. (2010) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2010.09.001 · Cited by 383
A strong electro-optically active lead-free ferroelectric integrated on silicon
Abel, S., Stöferle, T., Marchiori, C., Rossel, C., Rossell, M. D., Erni, R., Caimi, D., Sousa, M., Chelnokov, A., Offrein, B. J., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2695 · Cited by 350
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Zhalehpour, S., Lin, J. & Rusch, L. in International Photonics Conference of the IEEE TuH2.3 (IEEE, 2017).
- Eltes, F. et al. in Proceedings of IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) 601–604 (IEEE, 2017).
- Messner, A. et al. in Proceedings of 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2017 7–9 (OSA, 2017).
- Rabe, K. M., Ahn, C. H. & Triscone, J.-M. (eds) Physics of Ferroelectrics Vol. 105 (Springer, Berlin, 2007).
- Ding, J. et al. Mach–Zehnder silicon optical modulator. 20, 59–63 (2012).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 545
Programmable silicon photonic circuits powered by MEMS
Bogaerts, W., Takabayashi, A. Y., Edinger, P., Jo, G., Zand, I., Verheyen, P., Jezzini, M. A., Sattari, H., Talli, G., Antony, C., et al. (2022) · Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits · doi:10.1117/12.2614213 · Cited by 7
Feng, C., Zhang, Y., Shen, J., Xu, Z., Dong, Y., Fu, X., Wang, Y., Sun, L., Gan, X., & Su, Y. (2024) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202300360 · Cited by 6
Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Low-Loss Barium Titanate Waveguides
Isti, M. I. A., Xiaofeng, Z., de Freitas, M. M., Yao, P. L., Hossain, M. J., Shi, S., Schneider, G. J., & Prather, D. W. (2025) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2025.3582846 · Cited by 6
Kim, H., Mathews, S. A., Tischler, J. P., Posadas, A. B., Demkov, A. A., & Piqué, A. (2025) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0281487 · Cited by 7
Self-citationIntegration of Imprint-Free and Low Coercivity Ferroelectric BaTiO 3 Thin Films on Silicon
Zhao, J., Ahmadi, M., Noheda, B., & Sarott, M. F. (2026) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05139 · Cited by 6
Li, C., Wu, D., Cheng, M., Ma, S., Lin, Z., Zou, Z., Chen, W., Li, J., & Li, C. (2025) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04014 · Cited by 6
Comparison of Thin-Film Lithium Niobate, SOH, and POH for Silicon Photonic Modulators
Yu, T.-C., Liu, A.-C., Huang, W.-T., Wu, C., Li, C., Kao, T.-S., Chang, S., Sher, C.-W., Lin, H.-Y., Chow, C., et al. (2025) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics12050429 · Cited by 7
Ultra-efficient Optical Switching based on a Large Pockels Effect embedded in Silicon Photonics
Eltes, F., Fompeyrine, J., & Abel, S. (2020) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.1364/ofc.2020.w1h.4 · Cited by 6
Self-citation>150 GHz Hybrid-Plasmonic BaTiO3-On-SOI Modulator for CMOS Foundry Integration
Moor, D., Winiger, J., Ma, P., Messner, A., Bitachon, B. I., Abel, S., Eltes, F., Fompeyrine, J., & Leuthold, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Optics · doi:10.1364/fio.2021.fth4d.2 · Cited by 6
Self-citationEffect of Ni doping on the electro-optic property in K(Ta 0.6 Nb 0.4 )O 3 films
Yuan, X., Sakurai, Y., Kondo, S., Yoshino, M., Nagasaki, T., & Yamada, T. (2022) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.35848/1347-4065/ac7ea9 · Cited by 6
Tan, J. P. L., Shi, X., Lu, K., Joo, H., Kim, Y., Chen, M., Zhang, L., Tan, C. S., Lim, K. Y., Quek, E. K.-B., et al. (2023) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.497741 · Cited by 6
Engineering Refractive Index Contrast in Thin Film Barium Titanate-on-Insulator
Cao, Y. P., Liang, H., Lin, H., Luo, Q., Yang, P., Fong, X., Dogheche, E. H., Bettiol, A. A., & Danner, A. J. (2023) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00933 · Cited by 6
Non‐Volatile Hybrid Optical Phase Shifter Driven by a Ferroelectric Transistor
Tang, R., Watanabe, K., Fujita, M., Tang, H., Akazawa, T., Toprasertpong, K., Takagi, S., & Takenaka, M. (2023) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202300279 · Cited by 6
Large electro-opto-mechanical coupling in VO2 neuristors
Khandelwal, U., Ventrapragada, R. S. S., Kumar, R., Sharma, D., Mahapatra, S. R., Mondal, D., Bhat, N., Aetukuri, N. P. B., Avasthi, S., Chandorkar, S. A., et al. (2024) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0169859 · Cited by 6
Chemical design of barium titanate thin films for nanophotonic devices
Zhu, M., Zhang, X., Wei, C., Yi, X., Yang, D., Zhang, H., & Wang, L. (2024) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/jace.19933 · Cited by 6
Non-Volatile Photonic Weights and their Impact on Photonic Reservoir Computing Systems
Stark, P., Geler-Kremer, J., Eltes, F., Caimi, D., Fompeyrine, J., Offrein, B. J., & Abel, S. (2019) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) · doi:10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8871437 · Cited by 6
Self-citationWaveguide design optimization for compact silicon photonic ferroelectric phase shifters
Mishra, M., Das, N. R., & Morichetti, F. (2020) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.390273 · Cited by 6
Electro-optic properties of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin film
Brekhov, K. A., & Lavrov, S. D. (2020) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.09.148 · Cited by 6
Interfacial control of SrTiO3/Si(0 0 1) epitaxy and its effect on physical and optical properties
Wang, T.-H., Gehlhaar, R., Conard, T. S., Favia, P., Genoe, J., & Merckling, C. (2022) · Journal of Crystal Growth · doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2022.126524 · Cited by 6
Optical Isolation by Temporal Modulation: Size, Frequency, and Power Constraints
Khurgin, J. B. (2023) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01807 · Cited by 6
High-Efficiency Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Modulator with Barium Titanate Cladding on Quartz
Liu, H., Li, J., Zheng, W., Chen, Z., Zhang, J., & Qin, Y. (2025) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics12020157 · Cited by 5
Spalled Barium Titanate Single Crystal Thin Films for Functional Device Applications
Thureja, P., Nyholm, A. W., Thomaschewski, M., Jahelka, P., Belleville, J., & Atwater, H. A. (2025) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02279 · Cited by 5
Liheng, 汪. W., Zhen, 韩. H., Shijing, 秦. Q., Yonghui, 田. T., & Mingbin, 余. Y. (2025) · Acta Optica Sinica · doi:10.3788/aos251182 · Cited by 5
Cao, Y., Wen, Y., Wang, G., Zhang, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Jiao, S., Ye, H., Zhang, F., Fei, L., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c13059 · Cited by 5
Wang, X., Tu, J., Sun, M., Zhou, W., Cheng, Z., Su, Y., Chen, B., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c13131 · Cited by 5
Unlocking the electro–optic potential of ferroelectrics: advanced domain and phase manipulation
Chen, L., Shi, X., Xie, J., Wu, Y., Bai, Y., Cheng, Y., Li, S., Zhu, G., Wang, Z., Hu, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Ceramics · doi:10.26599/jac.2025.9221180 · Cited by 6
Tamalampudi, S. R., Dushaq, G. H., Serunjogi, S. M., Rajput, N. S., & Rasras, M. (2024) · npj 2D Materials and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41699-024-00481-w · Cited by 5
Barium Titanate Racetrack Modulator on Silicon Nitride for 200 GBd Data Communication in the O-band
Kohli, M., Chelladurai, D., Kulmer, L., Messner, A., Keller, K., Blatter, T., Winiger, J., Moor, D., Buriakova, T., Zervas, M., et al. (2024) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sw4r.4 · Cited by 5
Self-citationActive optical modulation in hybrid transparent-conductive oxide/electro-optic multilayers
Maffei, R. M., Magnozzi, M., Sygletou, M., Colace, S., D’Addato, S., Petrov, A. Y., Canepa, M., Torelli, P., di Bona, A., Benedetti, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d4tc04748f · Cited by 5
Ferroelectric Switching in Hybrid Molecular-Beam-Epitaxy-Grown BaTiO3 Films
Manjeshwar, A. K., Yang, Z., Liao, C.-H., Wen, J., Koester, S. J., James, R. D., & Jalan, B. (2025) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02650 · Cited by 5
Novel Electro-optic Components for Integrated Photonic Neural Networks
Stark, P., Geler-Kremer, J., Eltes, F., Caimi, D., Fompeyrine, J., Offrein, B. J., & Abel, S. (2020) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.1364/ofc.2020.m2i.4 · Cited by 5
Self-citationGALILEO: Galactic Axion Laser Interferometer Leveraging Electro-Optics
Ebadi, R., Kaplan, D. E., Rajendran, S., & Walsworth, R. L. (2024) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.101001 · Cited by 5
Christensen, A., Reynaud, M., Posadas, A. B., Zhan, X., Warner, J. H., & Demkov, A. A. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0206229 · Cited by 5
Self-citationPolarization rotation in a ferroelectric BaTiO3 film through low-energy He-implantation
Herklotz, A., Roth, R., Chong, Z. X., Luo, L., Park, J.-M., Brahlek, M., Wang, J., Dörr, K., & Ward, T. Z. (2025) · APL Materials · doi:10.1063/5.0253298 · Cited by 5
Low-temperature growth of epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films with significant electro-optic coefficients
Cao, Y., Wen, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, W., Du, J., Zhang, Y., Wu, Z., & Wu, J. (2025) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0237644 · Cited by 5
Prospects for photonic implementations of neuromorphic devices and systems
Offrein, B. J., Geler-Kremer, J., Weiss, J., Dangel, R., Stark, P., Sharma, A., Abel, S., & Horst, F. (2020) · Technical digest - International Electron Devices Meeting/Technical digest · doi:10.1109/iedm13553.2020.9371915 · Cited by 5
Self-citationActive-metasurfaces to realize tunable resonances and focusing
Naeem, T., Khaliq, H. S., Tauqeer, T., Zubair, M. F., & Mehmood, M. Q. (2021) · Active Photonic Platforms (APP) · doi:10.1117/12.2595351 · Cited by 5
Sakurai, Y., Yuan, X., Kondo, S., Yoshino, M., Nagasaki, T., & Yamada, T. (2022) · Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan · doi:10.2109/jcersj2.21187 · Cited by 5
High-modulation-efficiency graphene-silicon slot-waveguide micro-ring modulator
Luan, C., Kong, D., Ding, Y., & Hu, H. (2022) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jth6b.8 · Cited by 5
Strain engineering of the electro-optic effect in polycrystalline BiFeO 3 films [Invited]
Martínez, A. B., Grysan, P., Girod, S., Glinšek, S., Aruchamy, N., Biswas, P., Guennou, M., & Granzow, T. (2023) · Optical Materials Express · doi:10.1364/ome.485892 · Cited by 5
Pockels Coefficients in Thin-Film Barium Titanate and Lithium Niobate up to 300 GHz
Chelladurai, D., Kohli, M., Horst, Y., Winiger, J., Moor, D., Blatter, T., Kulmer, L., Eppenberger, M., Messner, A., Convertino, C., et al. (2023) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2023.sm2h.8 · Cited by 5
Self-citationFerroelectric Size Effects on Statics and Dynamics of Domain Wall
Kale, S., Petraru, A., Kohlstedt, H., & Soni, R. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202303880 · Cited by 5
A Strong Pockels PZT/Si Modulator for Efficient Electro-Optic Tuning
Feutmba, G. F., de Veire, T. V., Ansari, I., George, J. P., Thourhout, D. V., & Beeckman, J. (2020) · OSA Advanced Photonics Congress · doi:10.1364/iprsn.2020.itu1a.6 · Cited by 5
Lead-Free Perovskite Thin Films with Tailored Pockels-Kerr Effects for Photonics
Ion, V., Teodorescu, V., Birjega, R., Dinescu, M., Mitterbauer, C., Alexandrou, I., Ghitiu, I., Craciun, F., & Scarisoreanu, N. D. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c06499 · Cited by 4
Origin of non-absorptive scattering loss in Si-integrated barium titanate
Kim, I., & Demkov, A. A. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0278719 · Cited by 4
Self-citationRecent Progress in Optoelectronic Artificial Synapse Devices
Du, J., & Ge, C. (2022) · Journal of Inorganic Materials · doi:10.15541/jim20220699 · Cited by 4
Steglich, P. C., & Kehrein, A. (2024) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.524213 · Cited by 4
Perspectives of active Si photonics devices for data communication and optical sensing
Wang, X., Li, T., Hu, J., & Liu, J. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0263644 · Cited by 4
Colossal Cryogenic Electro‐Optic Response Through Metastability in Strained BaTiO 3 Thin Films
Suceava, A., Hazra, S., Ross, A., Philippi, I. R., Sotir, D., Brower, B., Ding, L., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Z., Sarkar, H., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202507564 · Cited by 4
Mardani, S., Hendriks, W. A. P. M., Dijkstra, M., Nguyen, M. D., & García‐Blanco, S. M. (2025) · Optics Continuum · doi:10.1364/optcon.572281 · Cited by 4
Jie, K., Huang, H., Qin, S., Guo, J., Liu, H., Meng, H., Wang, F., Yang, X., & Wei, Z. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12071228 · Cited by 4
Novel Functionality in Switchable Polar Materials
Rabe, K. M., Walker, F. J., Shin, Y. J., & Ahn, C. (2022) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202200146 · Cited by 4
Graphene-Based Photonic-like Highly Integrated Programmable Electronic Devices
Deng, X., Shen, S., Xu, Y., Liu, J., Li, J., & Wu, Z. (2022) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03227 · Cited by 4
Enhancement of the linear electro-optic effect by high pressure
Gao, Y., Gu, Y., Iitaka, T., & Li, Z. (2023) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.107.245203 · Cited by 4
Thin-film BTO-based modulators enabling 200 Gb/s data rates with sub 1 V pp drive signal
Eltes, F., Li, W., Berikaa, E. R., Alam, M. S., Bernal, S., Minkenberg, C., Plant, D. V., & Abel, S. (2023) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.23919/ofc49934.2023.10116528 · Cited by 4
Self-citationLinear electro-optic effect in strontium barium niobate: A first principles study
Apte, S., & Demkov, A. A. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0184956 · Cited by 4
Self-citationTraveling-wave electro-optics for microwave-to-optical quantum transduction
Shen, M., Pace, M. C. C., & Tang, H. X. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.043515 · Cited by 4
Double rectangular-grooves metasurface for highly efficient electric modulation
Li, J., Tian, H., Wu, Y., & Wang, X. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.535152 · Cited by 4
Deep subwavelength slotted photonic crystal nanobeam in a monolithic silicon photonics foundry
Arnold, K. P., Whittington, C. S., Allen, J. A., Halimi, S. I., Afzal, F. O., Bian, Y., Aboketaf, A. A., Hirokawa, T., & Weiss, S. M. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.539469 · Cited by 4
Vardhan, S., & Singh, R. R. (2024) · Engineering Research Express · doi:10.1088/2631-8695/ad9b04 · Cited by 4
On-chip optical memristors based on ferroelectric-doped graphene
Zhang, Y., Chen, B., Wang, J., Luo, Z., Tian, R., Yao, D., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Hao, Y., Han, G., et al. (2024) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.543416 · Cited by 4
Dynamic domain motion enhancing electro-optic performance in ferroelectric films
Kondo, S., Okamoto, K., Sakata, O., Teranishi, T., Kishimoto, A., Nagasaki, T., & Yamada, T. (2025) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0244707 · Cited by 4
Spectroscopic ellipsometry of epitaxially stressed ferroelectric films
Nepomniashchaia, N., Pacherová, O., Kocourek, T., Dejneka, A., & Tyunina, M. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0241939 · Cited by 4
Geest, K. D., Lievens, E., Picavet, E., Buysser, K. D., Thourhout, D. V., & Beeckman, J. (2025) · Journal of Physics Photonics · doi:10.1088/2515-7647/ada902 · Cited by 4
Tunable giant nonlinear optical susceptibility in BaSnO3 quantum wells
Li, W., Hamze, A., & Demkov, A. A. (2021) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.104.235419 · Cited by 4
Self-citationTunable chiral photonic cavity based on multiferroic layers
Jandieri, V. G., Хомерики, Р., Watanabe, K., Erni, D., Werner, D. H., & Berakdar, J. (2023) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.489612 · Cited by 4
BaTiO3-based modulators for integrated optical interconnects
Eltes, F., Fompeyrine, J., & Abel, S. (2019) · Optical Interconnects and Packaging · doi:10.1117/12.2511464 · Cited by 4
Self-citationEltes, F., Ortmann, J. E., Castera, P., Urbonas, D., Caimi, D., Czornomaz, L., Sanchis, P., Fompeyrine, J., & Abel, S. (2019) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) · doi:10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8872385 · Cited by 4
Self-citationGevorgyan, H., Orden, D. A. V., Onural, D., Gluhović, Ð., Zhang, B., Khilo, A. N., Stojanovic, V. M., Wade, M. T., & Popović, M. A. (2021) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2021.sw3c.5 · Cited by 4
Low loss hybrid plasmon polariton Mach-Zehnder modulators
Xing, J., Sun, C., Xiong, B., Wang, J., Hao, Z., Wang, L., Han, Y., Li, H., Yu, J., & Luo, Y. (2021) · OSA Continuum · doi:10.1364/osac.428058 · Cited by 4
Silicon Quantum Photonics ‐ Platform and Applications
Ekici, Ç., Semenova, E. S., Bacco, D., & Ding, Y. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527837427.ch22 · Cited by 4
Structural Properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Integrated on Silicon
de Hond, K., Salverda, M., Ahmadi, M., Houwman, E. P., Noheda, B., Kooi, B. J., Rijnders, G., & Koster, G. (2025) · ACS Applied Electronic Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaelm.5c00753 · Cited by 3
Doris, E. A., Blow, E. C., Umeda, H., Zhang, J., & Prucnal, P. R. (2025) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.572939 · Cited by 3
Thermo-optic coefficient of single-crystal thin-film barium titanate on insulator
Lin, H., Yin, Y., Roos, L., Dogheche, E. H., & Danner, A. J. (2025) · Optical Materials Express · doi:10.1364/ome.577084 · Cited by 3
Xu, K. J., Wei, M., Yun, Y., Wu, Y., Sun, C., Tang, B., Li, J., Wang, W. B., Lei, K., Ma, H., et al. (2025) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202501846 · Cited by 3
High-speed micro-ring modulator using ferroelectric PLZT for integrated photonics
Yin, Y., Yang, S., Yazdani, S. A., Sato, H., Lu, G.-W., & Yokoyama, S. (2025) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/5.0296778 · Cited by 3
Recent advances in heterogeneous photonic integration: from devices to system-level applications
Zhao, H., Tu, Z., & Chang, L. (2026) · PhotoniX Synergy · doi:10.1007/s44519-026-00013-7 · Cited by 4
200 Gbit/s Barium Titanate Modulator Using Weakly Guided Plasmonic Modes
Chelladurai, D., Kohli, M., Bitachon, B. I., Kulmer, L., Blatter, T., Moor, D., Winiger, J., Messner, A., Convertino, C., Eltes, F., et al. (2023) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.1364/ofc.2023.tu3c.3 · Cited by 3
Self-citationSi 3 N 4 -plasmonic ferroelectric MZIR modulator for 112-Gbaud PAM-4 transmission in the O-band
Chatzitheocharis, D., Lampadariou, E., Chatzianagnostou, E., Lidorikis, E., & Vyrsokinos, K. (2023) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.489243 · Cited by 3
Moon, S., Lee, J., Lee, J., Koh, Y., Kim, C., Jang, H., Kim, S., Han, S.-W., Jung, H., & Kwon, H. (2025) · Photonics Research · doi:10.1364/prj.550799 · Cited by 3
Szmyt, W., Geler-Kremer, J., Vockenhuber, C., Müller, A. M., Schumann, T., & Hoffmann, P. (2025) · Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102490 · Cited by 3
Sunlight-assisted ferroelectric domain switching and ionic migration in Sn-based ferroelectric
Zhang, X., Jiang, X., Deng, J., Wang, X., & Hong, J. (2022) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0113665 · Cited by 3
Reversible Mechanical Switching of Ferroelastic Stripe Domains in Multiferroic Thin Films
Sun, F., Wu, M., Ren, J., Wang, X., Yang, H., Zhang, X., Chen, W., & Zheng, Y. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c04405 · Cited by 3
Observation of Fundamental Charge Noise in Electro-Optic Photonic Integrated Circuits
Zhang, J., Li, Z., Riemensberger, J., Lihachev, G., Huang, G., & Kippenberg, T. J. (2024) · Springer proceedings in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63378-2_20 · Cited by 3
Design of multifunctional tunable dual-layer metalens based on deep learning
Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, G., Zhang, K., Yang, X., Wang, C., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.559557 · Cited by 3
Heterogeneous Co-Integration of BTO/Si and III-V technology on a Silicon Photonics Platform
Stark, P., Eltes, F., Baumgartner, Y., Caimi, D., Popoff, Y., Meier, N., Czornomaz, L., Fompeyrine, J., Offrein, B. J., & Abel, S. (2020) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.1364/ofc.2020.t3b.3 · Cited by 3
Self-citation95 MHz Bandwidth Electro-Optic Metasurfaces based on Barium Titanate Nanocrystals
Karvounis, A., Vogler‐Neuling, V. V., & Grange, R. (2021) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fth4k.5 · Cited by 3
Electric Field Sensor Based on High Q Fano Resonance of Nano-Patterned Electro-Optic Materials
Yin, X., Liu, F., Qiu, W., Liu, C., Guan, H., & Lu, H. (2022) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics9060431 · Cited by 3
Le, T.-T., & Le, D. T. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.92210 · Cited by 3
A Thin Film Barium Titanate-on-Insulator Optoelectronics Platform with Various Photonic Devices
Cao, Y. P., Ng, J. D., Lin, H., Shao, J., Luo, Q., Siew, S. Y., Dogheche, E. H., & Danner, A. J. (2022) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2022.stu1c.6 · Cited by 3
Scaling programmable silicon photonics circuits
Bogaerts, W., Nagarjun, K. P., Iseghem, L. V., Chen, X., Deng, H., Zand, I., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Takabayashi, A. Y., Sattari, H., et al. (2023) · SPIE Silicon Photonics · doi:10.1117/12.2647293 · Cited by 3
Ultra-Compact Integrated Graphene-Silicon Slot-Waveguide Electro-Optic Modulator
Luan, C., Kong, D., Ding, Y., & Hu, H. (2022) · Asia Communications and Photonics Conference · doi:10.1109/acp55869.2022.10088719 · Cited by 2
Optimisation of pockels effect in poled amorphous waveguides for efficient electro-optic modulation
Boonsit, S., Mourgelas, V., Karam, L., Nedeljković, M., Courjal, N., Dussauze, M., & Murugan, G. S. (2025) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s00340-025-08477-0 · Cited by 2
Effect of Stoichiometry on the Structure and Polarization of BaTiO3
Cavanagh, A. E., Little, L. B., Zhang, Y., Barton, D. R., Taylor, N. K., Lin, H. G., Butler, A., N’Diaye, A. T., Gardener, J., Brooks, C. M., et al. (2025) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202501037 · Cited by 2
Distinct nucleation and growth kinetics of BaTiO3 on Ge (001) by RF magnetron sputtering
Ma, R., Yan, W., Zhao, M., Liu, X.-F., Pu, Y., Qiu, Y., Zhao, X., Zheng, S., Zhong, Q., Dong, Y., et al. (2025) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0275009 · Cited by 3
Li, H., Thomas, R., Jiang, P., & Balram, K. C. (2025) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2025-0212 · Cited by 3
Off-axis RF-sputtered barium titanate thin films for next-generation electro-optic devices
Sumon, M. S. I., Lazareno, K., Carpenter, D. A., Ghosh, A., Sankar, S., Faruque, I. I., Dwivedi, S. P., Nelson, R. L., Brown, D. P., Stenger, V. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Physics Materials · doi:10.1088/2515-7639/ae0ef0 · Cited by 2
Deng, C., Liang, R., Yu, H., Tian, X., & Li, Q. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Dielectrics · doi:10.1142/s2010135x2630001x · Cited by 2
Barium titanate poling dynamics in high-speed communications
Qiu, B., St-Arnault, C., Bernal, S., Zhang, K., Nikic, A., Hu, Y., Minkenberg, C., Diels, W., Stark, P., Abel, S., et al. (2026) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.589724 · Cited by 2
Self-citationIon-Sliced BaTiO 3 Thin Films: Structural and Optical Properties for Photonic Integration
Esfandiar, H., Abtahi, F. A., Vrckovnik, T. G., Ngo, G. Q., Heller, R., Kentsch, U., Ganss, F., Facsko, S., Lucchesi, U., Winnerl, S. F., et al. (2026) · ACS Applied Optical Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaom.5c00681 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Abel, S., Eltes, F., Ortmann, J. E., Messner, A., Castera, P., Wagner, T., Urbonas, D., Rosa, A., Gutierrez, A. M., Tulli, D., Ma, P., Baeuerle, B., Josten, A., Heni, W., Caimi, D., Czornomaz, L., Demkov, A. A., Leuthold, J., Sanchis, P., & Fompeyrine, J.
- Affiliations
- IBM Research - Zurich (CH)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Universitat Politècnica de València (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Abel, Stefan
- Ma, Ping
- Sanchis, Pablo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Materials
- Published
- 2018-11-12
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-47
- ISSN
- 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4660
- OpenAlex
- W2900206957
- Cited by
- 554
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 19.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
- Keywords
- Pockels effect, barium titanate, electro-optic modulator, silicon photonics, epitaxial thin films, ferroelectric materials, refractive index modulation, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, hysteresis, nanodevices, integrated photonics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
