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Cited by 554Photorefractive and Nonlinear OpticsFerroelectric and Piezoelectric MaterialsPhotonic and Optical Devices

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Large Pockels effect in micro- and nanostructured barium titanate integrated on silicon

Abel, Stefan, Eltes, Felix, Ortmann, J. Elliott, Messner, Andreas, Castera, Pau, Wagner, Tino, Urbonas, Darius, Rosa, Alvaro, Gutierrez, Ana M., Tulli, Domenico, Ma, Ping, Baeuerle, Benedikt, Josten, Arne, Heni, Wolfgang, Caimi, Daniele, Czornomaz, Lukas, Demkov, Alexander A., Leuthold, Juerg, Sanchis, Pablo, Fompeyrine, Jean·2019·Nature Materials
DOI 10.1038/s41563-018-0208-0
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Abstract

The electro-optical Pockels effect is an essential nonlinear effect used in many applications. The ultrafast modulation of the refractive index is, for example, crucial to optical modulators in photonic circuits. Silicon has emerged as a platform for integrating such compact circuits, but a strong Pockels effect is not available on silicon platforms. Here, we demonstrate a large electro-optical response in silicon photonic devices using barium titanate. We verify the Pockels effect to be the physical origin of the response, with r 42 = 923 pm V-1, by confirming key signatures of the Pockels effect in ferroelectrics: the electro-optic response exhibits a crystalline anisotropy, remains strong at high frequencies, and shows hysteresis on changing the electric field. We prove that the Pockels effect remains strong even in nanoscale devices, and show as a practical example data modulation up to 50 Gbit s-1. We foresee that our work will enable novel device concepts with an application area largely extending beyond communication technologies.

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Zhalehpour, S., Lin, J. & Rusch, L. in International Photonics Conference of the IEEE TuH2.3 (IEEE, 2017).
  2. Eltes, F. et al. in Proceedings of IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) 601–604 (IEEE, 2017).
  3. Messner, A. et al. in Proceedings of 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2017 7–9 (OSA, 2017).
  4. Rabe, K. M., Ahn, C. H. & Triscone, J.-M. (eds) Physics of Ferroelectrics Vol. 105 (Springer, Berlin, 2007).
  5. Ding, J. et al. Mach–Zehnder silicon optical modulator. 20, 59–63 (2012).

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Metadata

Authors
Abel, S., Eltes, F., Ortmann, J. E., Messner, A., Castera, P., Wagner, T., Urbonas, D., Rosa, A., Gutierrez, A. M., Tulli, D., Ma, P., Baeuerle, B., Josten, A., Heni, W., Caimi, D., Czornomaz, L., Demkov, A. A., Leuthold, J., Sanchis, P., & Fompeyrine, J.
Affiliations
  • IBM Research - Zurich (CH)
  • The University of Texas at Austin (US)
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
  • Universitat Politècnica de València (ES)
Corresponding author
  • Abel, Stefan
  • Ma, Ping
  • Sanchis, Pablo
ORCID
Venue
Nature Materials
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2018-11-12
Volume
18
Issue
1
Pages
42-47
ISSN
  • 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4660
DOI
10.1038/s41563-018-0208-0
OpenAlex
W2900206957
Cited by
554
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 61 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 4
FWCI
19.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Materials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
Keywords
Pockels effect, barium titanate, electro-optic modulator, silicon photonics, epitaxial thin films, ferroelectric materials, refractive index modulation, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, hysteresis, nanodevices, integrated photonics

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