Lead-Free Perovskite Thin Films with Tailored Pockels-Kerr Effects for Photonics
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High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Pockels and Kerr effects are linear and nonlinear electro-optical effects, respectively, used in many applications. The modulation of the refractive index is employed in different photonic circuits. However, the greatest challenge is in photonic elements for quantum computing at room temperature. For this aim, materials with strong Pockels/Kerr effects and χ (2) /χ (3) nonlinear susceptibilities are necessary. Here, we demonstrate composition-modulated strong electro-optical response in epitaxial films of (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O 3 perovskite titanate. These films are grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO 3 . Depending on the ratios of Ca/Ba and Ti/Zr, films show high Pockels or Kerr optical nonlinearities. We relate the variable electro-optic response to the occurrence of nanopolar domains with different symmetries in a selected composition range. These findings open the route to easily implement nonlinear optical elements in integrated photonic circuits.
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BaTiO3 has a Pockels coefficient larger than 1000 pm/V, the highest compared to other stoichiometric complex oxides.
“Barium titanate (BaTiO3 or BaO × TiO2 or BT) is a lead-free ferroelectric material, which in recent years has had a growing range of applications, especially in the photonic field [180,202], and more specifically in nonlinear optics due to its Pockels coefficient being larger than 1000 pm/V [203], the highest in comparison to other stoichiometric complex oxides [204,205].”
From Metal Oxide Thin Films for Advanced Photonic Applications (2026) · cites this paper as [203]
Table 2 in Results and Discussion lists selected BaTiO3 electro-optic coefficients, none above 380 pm/V. It does not establish that no other Pockels coefficient exceeds 1000 pm/V, and the passages found do not rank BaTiO3 against other stoichiometric complex oxides. Searches for the 1000 pm/V threshold found no supporting statement. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metal Oxide Thin Films for Advanced Photonic Applications
Stîngescu, M.-L., Șopronyi, M.-A., Antohe, Ș., & Scărișoreanu, N.-D. (2026) · Crystals · doi:10.3390/cryst16030164 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…which in recent years has had a growing range of applications, especially in the photonic field [180,202], and more specifically in nonlinear optics due to its Pockels coefficient being larger than 1000 pm/V [203], the highest in comparison to other stoichiometric complex oxides [204,205].”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Ion, V., Teodorescu, V., Birjega, R., Dinescu, M., Mitterbauer, C., Alexandrou, I., Ghitiu, I., Craciun, F., & Scarisoreanu, N. D.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics (RO)
- National Institute of Materials Physics (RO)
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Netherlands) (NL)
- University of Bucharest (RO)
- Institute of Structure of Matter (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Scarisoreanu, Nicu D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-07-27
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 31
- Pages
- 38039-38048
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- PMC
- PMC10416211
- OpenAlex
- W4385295110
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CNR ExploRA (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2921)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides
- Keywords
- (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O3, Pockels effect, Kerr effect, electro-optic response, nonlinear optical susceptibility, epitaxial thin films, composition modulation, photonic integrated circuits, nonlinear optical devices
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