The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A wearable aptamer nanobiosensor for non-invasive female hormone monitoring
Open accessAbstract
Personalized monitoring of female hormones (for example, oestradiol) is of great interest in fertility and women’s health. However, existing approaches usually require invasive blood draws and/or bulky analytical laboratory equipment, making them hard to implement at home. Here we report a skin-interfaced wearable aptamer nanobiosensor based on target-induced strand displacement for automatic and non-invasive monitoring of oestradiol via in situ sweat analysis. The reagentless, amplification-free and ‘signal-on’ detection approach coupled with a gold nanoparticle-MXene-based detection electrode offers extraordinary sensitivity with an ultra-low limit of detection of 0.14 pM. This fully integrated system is capable of autonomous sweat induction at rest via iontophoresis, precise microfluidic sweat sampling controlled via capillary bursting valves, real-time oestradiol analysis and calibration with simultaneously collected multivariate information (that is, temperature, pH and ionic strength), as well as signal processing and wireless communication with a user interface (for example, smartphone). We validated the technology in human participants. Our data indicate a cyclical fluctuation in sweat oestradiol during menstrual cycles, and a high correlation between sweat and blood oestradiol was identified. Our study opens up the potential for wearable sensors for non-invasive, personalized reproductive hormone monitoring. A reagentless, wireless, wearable aptamer nanobiosensor interfaced with a gold nanoparticle-MXene-based electrode enables the selective, automatic and non-invasive analysis of the female hormone oestradiol in sweat during menstrual cycles with subpicomolar sensitivity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction
Zuker, M. (2003) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkg595 · Cited by 13,404
Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis
Gao, W., Emaminejad, S., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Challa, S., Chen, K., Peck, A., Fahad, H. M., Ota, H., Shiraki, H., Kiriya, D., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16521 · Cited by 5,087 · cited 1×
“21 and 22).”
Self-citationGuidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene)
Alhabeb, M., Maleski, K., Anasori, B., Lelyukh, P., Clark, L., Sin, S., & Gogotsi, Y. (2017) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02847 · Cited by 5,045
Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring
Kim, J., Campbell, A. S., de Ávila, B. E.-F., & Wang, J. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0045-y · Cited by 3,373 · cited 1×
“In addition, it could also provide skin temperature information continuously via a built-in temperature sensor in the AFE.”
BackgroundThe world of two-dimensional carbides and nitrides (MXenes)
VahidMohammadi, A., Rosen, J., & Gogotsi, Y. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abf1581 · Cited by 3,191
Lee, H., Choi, T. K., Lee, Y. B., Cho, H. R., Ghaffari, R., Wang, L., Choi, H. J., Chung, T. D., Lu, N., Hyeon, T., et al. (2016) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.38 · Cited by 1,802
Why is depression more prevalent in women?
Albert, P. R. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.150205 · Cited by 1,785 · cited 1×
“Female hormones affect much of women’s health, from menstruation to pregnancy to menopause and more (for example, depression) 1,2 .”
BackgroundWearable and flexible electronics for continuous molecular monitoring
Yang, Y., & Gao, W. (2019) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00730b · Cited by 1,315
Self-citationEnd-to-end design of wearable sensors
Ates, H. C., Nguyen, P. Q., Gonzalez-Macia, L., Morales-Narváez, E., Güder, F., Collins, J. J., & Dincer, C. (2022) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-022-00460-x · Cited by 1,306
A laser-engraved wearable sensor for sensitive detection of uric acid and tyrosine in sweat
Yang, Y., Song, Y., Bo, X., Min, J., Pak, O. S., Zhu, L., Wang, M., Tu, J., Kogan, A., Zhang, H., et al. (2020) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0321-x · Cited by 1,270
Self-citation
Cited by
Wound management materials and technologies from bench to bedside and beyond
Wang, C., Shirzaei Sani, E., Shih, C.-D., Lim, C. T., Wang, J., Armstrong, D. G., & Gao, W. (2024) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-024-00693-y · Cited by 396
Self-citationSpinelli, J. C., Suleski, B. J., Wright, D. E., Grow, J. L., Fagans, G. R., Buckley, M. J., Yang, D. S., Yang, K., Beil, S. M., Wallace, J. C., et al. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01466-9 · Cited by 44
Duarah, R., Torné‐Morató, H., Zhang, G., Amin, Y., Pabast, M., Sharma, N., He, S., Das, M. R., & Pompa, P. P. (2026) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202504419 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Ye, C., Wang, M., Min, J., Tay, R. Y., Lukas, H., Sempionatto, J. R., Li, J., Xu, C., & Gao, W.
- Venue
- Nature Nanotechnology
- Published
- 2023-09-28
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 330-337
- ISSN
- 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-3395
- OpenAlex
- W4387141445
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 44
- FWCI
- 34.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A wearable aptamer nanobiosensor for non-invasive female hormone monitoring. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41565-023-01513-0
- The paper
- Ye, C., Wang, M., Min, J., Tay, R. Y., Lukas, H., Sempionatto, J. R., Li, J., Xu, C., & Gao, W. (2024). A wearable aptamer nanobiosensor for non-invasive female hormone monitoring. Nature Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01513-0
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
