Cited by 552Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesSmoking Behavior and Cessation

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Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder

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Connor, Jason P., Stjepanović, Daniel, Le Foll, Bernard, Hoch, Eva, Budney, Alan J., Hall, Wayne D.·2021·Nature Reviews Disease Primers

DOI 10.1038/s41572-021-00247-4PMC PMC8655458

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Abstract

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is an underappreciated risk of using cannabis that affects ~10% of the 193 million cannabis users worldwide. The individual and public health burdens are less than those of other forms of drug use, but CUD accounts for a substantial proportion of persons seeking treatment for drug use disorders owing to the high global prevalence of cannabis use. Cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational enhancement therapy and contingency management can substantially reduce cannabis use and cannabis-related problems, but enduring abstinence is not a common outcome. No pharmacotherapies have been approved for cannabis use or CUD, although a number of drug classes (such as cannabinoid agonists) have shown promise and require more rigorous evaluation. Treatment of cannabis use and CUD is often complicated by comorbid mental health and other substance use disorders. The legalization of non-medical cannabis use in some high-income countries may increase the prevalence of CUD by making more potent cannabis products more readily available at a lower price. States that legalize medical and non-medical cannabis use should inform users about the risks of CUD and provide information on how to obtain assistance if they develop cannabis-related mental and/or physical health problems.

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Authors: Connor, J. P., Stjepanović, D., Le Foll, B., Hoch, E., Budney, A. J., & Hall, W. D.
Affiliations: The University of Queensland (AU)
LMU Klinikum (DE)
Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author: Connor, Jason P.
ORCID: Connor, Jason P.
Stjepanović, Daniel
Budney, Alan J.
Hall, Wayne D.
Venue: Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-02-25
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 16-16
ISSN: 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00247-4
PMC: PMC8655458
OpenAlex: W3131397527
Cited by: 552
References: 341
Citations by year: 2026: 106 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 21
FWCI: 9.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA050032, T32DA037202, P30DA029926)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Keywords: cannabis use disorder, cannabis use, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, contingency management, abstinence, cannabinoid receptor agonists, pharmacotherapy, psychiatric comorbidity, substance use disorders, cannabis legalization, medical cannabis, non-medical cannabis, public health burden
MeSH terms: Analgesics, Cannabis, Marijuana Abuse, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Prevalence

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