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Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder
Open accessAbstract
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is an underappreciated risk of using cannabis that affects ~10% of the 193 million cannabis users worldwide. The individual and public health burdens are less than those of other forms of drug use, but CUD accounts for a substantial proportion of persons seeking treatment for drug use disorders owing to the high global prevalence of cannabis use. Cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational enhancement therapy and contingency management can substantially reduce cannabis use and cannabis-related problems, but enduring abstinence is not a common outcome. No pharmacotherapies have been approved for cannabis use or CUD, although a number of drug classes (such as cannabinoid agonists) have shown promise and require more rigorous evaluation. Treatment of cannabis use and CUD is often complicated by comorbid mental health and other substance use disorders. The legalization of non-medical cannabis use in some high-income countries may increase the prevalence of CUD by making more potent cannabis products more readily available at a lower price. States that legalize medical and non-medical cannabis use should inform users about the risks of CUD and provide information on how to obtain assistance if they develop cannabis-related mental and/or physical health problems.
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“Concerns are especially pronounced for individuals with both PTSD and substance use disorders (PTSD+SUD) due to greater functional impairment (Kessler et al., 2005; Simpson et al., 2019) and cannabis use (Connor et al., 2021) associated with PTSD+SUD.”
From Cannabis use and trauma-focused treatment for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis of individual patient data (2024) · cites this paper as Connor et al., 2021
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These respondents may be at heightened risk for using other substances and/or developing psychiatric comorbidity (Connor et al., 2021, Hasin, 2018, Hasin and Walsh, 2020, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017, Rabiee et al., 2020).”
From Prevalence of and trends in current cannabis use among US youth and adults, 2013–2022 (2024) · cites this paper as Connor et al., 2021
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Metadata
- Authors
- Connor, J. P., Stjepanović, D., Le Foll, B., Hoch, E., Budney, A. J., & Hall, W. D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- LMU Klinikum (DE)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Connor, Jason P.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers
- Published
- 2021-02-25
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-16
- ISSN
- 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8655458
- OpenAlex
- W3131397527
- Cited by
- 552
- References
- 341
- Citations by year
- 2026: 106 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 21
- FWCI
- 9.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA050032, T32DA037202, P30DA029926)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- cannabis use disorder, cannabis use, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, contingency management, abstinence, cannabinoid receptor agonists, pharmacotherapy, psychiatric comorbidity, substance use disorders, cannabis legalization, medical cannabis, non-medical cannabis, public health burden
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Cannabis, Marijuana Abuse, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Prevalence
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