The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
Vaccines are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to help the return to pre-pandemic normalcy. A great many vaccine candidates are being developed, several of which have completed late-stage clinical trials and are reporting positive results. In this Progress article, we discuss which viral elements are used in COVID-19 vaccine candidates, why they might act as good targets for the immune system and the implications for protective immunity. As the world races to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, Dai and Gao highlight which viral targets are best to include in a vaccine and how this impacts the induced immune response and, ultimately, the safety and efficacy of a vaccine.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K. S., Goldsmith, J. A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B. S., & McLellan, J. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2507 · Cited by 8,897
Structure, function and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
Walls, A. C., Park, Y.-J., Tortorici, M. A., Wall, A., McGuire, A. T., & Veesler, D. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.956581 · Cited by 8,586
Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor
Lan, J., Ge, J., Yu, J., Shan, S., Zhou, H., Fan, S., Zhang, Q., Shi, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2180-5 · Cited by 5,983
Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 · Cited by 3,595
An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Coler, R. N., McCullough, M. P., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2022483 · Cited by 3,237
Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19
Long, Q.-X., Liu, B.-Z., Deng, H.-J., Wu, G.-C., Deng, K., Chen, Y.-K., Liao, P., Qiu, J.-F., Lin, Y., Cai, X.-F., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1 · Cited by 2,876
RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 Selected for a Pivotal Efficacy Study
Walsh, E. E., Frenck, R., Falsey, A. R., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Neuzil, K., Mulligan, M. J., Bailey, R., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651 · Cited by 2,615
Folegatti, P. M., Ewer, K. J., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Bibi, S., Bittaye, M., Clutterbuck, E. A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31604-4 · Cited by 2,419
Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma
Shen, C., Wang, Z., Zhao, F., Yang, Y., Li, J., Yuan, J., Wang, F., Li, D., Yang, M., Xing, L., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4783 · Cited by 2,277
Huang, Y., Yang, C., Xu, X.-F., Xu, W., & Liu, S.-W. (2020) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/s41401-020-0485-4 · Cited by 2,224
Cited by
SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape
Harvey, W. T., Carabelli, A. M., Jackson, B., Gupta, R. K., Thomson, E. C., Harrison, E. M., Ludden, C., Reeve, R., Rambaut, A., COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00573-0 · Cited by 3,528
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19
Taylor, P. C., Adams, A. C., Hufford, M. M., de la Torre, I., Winthrop, K., & Gottlieb, R. L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00542-x · Cited by 732
Goel, R. R., Apostolidis, S. A., Painter, M. M., Mathew, D., Pattekar, A., Kuthuru, O., Gouma, S., Hicks, P., Meng, W., Rosenfeld, A. M., et al. (2021) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6950 · Cited by 655
Shrestha, L. B., Foster, C., Rawlinson, W., Tedla, N., & Bull, R. A. (2022) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2381 · Cited by 474
Greaney, A. J., Loes, A. N., Gentles, L. E., Crawford, K. H. D., Starr, T. N., Malone, K. D., Chu, H. Y., & Bloom, J. D. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abi9915 · Cited by 244
Metadata
- Authors
- Dai, L., & Gao, G. F.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2020-12-18
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 73-82
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W3117730334
- Cited by
- 1,048
- References
- 150
- FWCI
- 12.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41577-020-00480-0
- The paper
- Dai, L., & Gao, G. F. (2021). Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19. Nature Reviews Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00480-0
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.