The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Integrating time from experience in the lateral entorhinal cortex
Open accessAbstract
The encoding of time and its binding to events are crucial for episodic memory, but how these processes are carried out in hippocampal-entorhinal circuits is unclear. Here we show in freely foraging rats that temporal information is robustly encoded across time scales from seconds to hours within the overall population state of the lateral entorhinal cortex. Similarly pronounced encoding of time was not present in the medial entorhinal cortex or in hippocampal areas CA3-CA1. When animals' experiences were constrained by behavioural tasks to become similar across repeated trials, the encoding of temporal flow across trials was reduced, whereas the encoding of time relative to the start of trials was improved. The findings suggest that populations of lateral entorhinal cortex neurons represent time inherently through the encoding of experience. This representation of episodic time may be integrated with spatial inputs from the medial entorhinal cortex in the hippocampus, allowing the hippocampus to store a unified representation of what, where and when.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Intriguingly, populations of LEC neurons also encode temporal information across different contexts (Tsao et al., 2018).”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Tsao et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“This matches the anatomical features of LEC, as being a functional hub for integrating multisensory information (Bota et al., 2015), including both spatial and non-spatial characteristics, probably even time (Tsao et al., 2018).”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Tsao et al., 2018
Citations
Cites
LIBLINEAR: A Library for Large Linear Classification
Fan, R.-E., Chang, K., Hsieh, C., Xiang-rui, W., & Lin, C. (2008) · doi:10.5555/1390681.1442794 · Cited by 6,684
On the Surprising Behavior of Distance Metrics in High Dimensional Space
Aggarwal, C. C., Hinneburg, A., & Keim, D. A. (2001) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-44503-x_27 · Cited by 2,179
The importance of mixed selectivity in complex cognitive tasks
Rigotti, M., Barak, O., Warden, M. R., Wang, X.-J., Daw, N. D., Miller, E. K., & Fusi, S. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12160 · Cited by 1,639
Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays
Clayton, N. S., & Dickinson, A. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/26216 · Cited by 1,464
Internally Generated Cell Assembly Sequences in the Rat Hippocampus
Pastalkova, E., Itskov, V., Amarasingham, A., & Buzsáki, G. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1159775 · Cited by 1,301
Deconstructing episodic memory with construction
Hassabis, D., & Maguire, E. A. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001 · Cited by 1,229
Hippocampal ‘time cells’ bridge the gap in memory for discontiguous events
MacDonald, C. J., Lepage, K. Q., Eden, U. T., & Eichenbaum, H. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.07.012 · Cited by 1,193
A Distributed Representation of Temporal Context
Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1006/jmps.2001.1388 · Cited by 1,174
Long-term dynamics of CA1 hippocampal place codes
Ziv, Y., Burns, L. D., Cocker, E. D., Hamel, E. O., Ghosh, K. K., Kitch, L. J., Gamal, A. E., & Schnitzer, M. J. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3329 · Cited by 1,155
Wood, E. R., Dudchenko, P. A., Robitsek, R. J., & Eichenbaum, H. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00071-4 · Cited by 992
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Tulving, E. Elements of Episodic Memory (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1985).
- Skaggs, W. E., McNaughton, B. L. & Gothard, K. M. in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5 (NIPS 1992) 1030–1037 (Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 1993).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–477 of 477
Stable sequential dynamics in prefrontal cortex represents subjective estimation of time
Li, Y., Yin, W., Wang, X., Li, J., Zhou, S., Ma, C., Yuan, P., & Li, B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96603.3
Some necessary constructs of consciousness as defined in the dynamic organicity theory
Integrative Neuroscience Group, A., & Poznanski, R. R. (2024) · Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience · doi:10.56280/1622210357
Spatial Map: Through the Lens of Behavioral Tag and Capture
Raghuraman, R., & Hussaini, S. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54864-2_21
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРИКЛАДНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИВЧЕННЯ УЯВЛЕНЬ ПРО ЧАС В ОСІБ, ЩО ПЕРЕЖИЛИ ПСИХОТРАВМУЮЧІ СИТУАЦІЇ
Пересунько, Д. (2024) · Наукові інновації та передові технології · doi:10.52058/2786-5274-2024-5(33)-1418-1429
Stable sequential dynamics in prefrontal cortex represents subjective estimation of timePreprint
Li, Y., Yin, W., Li, J., Zhou, S., Ma, C., Yuan, P., & Li, B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96603.1
de Jong, J. (2024) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.33612/diss.1004106212
Howard, M. W. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190917982.013.16
Lux, V. (2024) · SpringerBriefs in psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55229-8_2
Episodic memory through the lens of brain networks
Tang, R., & Reagh, Z. M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00034-1
Stable sequential dynamics in prefrontal cortex represents subjective estimation of timePreprint
Li, Y., Yin, W., Wang, X., Li, J., Zhou, S., Ma, C., Yuan, P., & Li, B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96603.2
Development of the Hippocampal Formation
Lavenex, P., Amaral, D. G., Lavenex, P. B., Guillemot, F., Insausti, R., & Urbán, N. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190065324.003.0004
Theories of Hippocampal Function
McKenzie, S., Gobbo, F., & Morris, R. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190065324.003.0014
Coding of Space and Time for Memory Function
Hasselmo, M. E., Robinson, J. C., LaChance, P. A., Wilmot, J. H., Wilmerding, L. K., Malmberg, S., Patel, M., Do, Q. H., & Chapman, G. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192882547.003.0008
Memory, Space, Time, and the Hippocampus
Ranganath, C. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192882547.003.0007
Layer 5 lateral entorhinal cortex neurons encode updating of object-place associationsPreprint
Banks, P. J., Barker, G., Booth, C. A., Kinnavane, L., Warburton, E. C., & Bashir, Z. I. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673029
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.002.0004
Information, Movements, and Home Ranges
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0005
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0009
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0004
Cognitive Maps and the Definition of a Home Range
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0003
An Introduction to Home Ranges
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0001
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0012
A Doorway to New Cogitations on Home Ranges
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0013
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.002.0005
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0010
Building Familiarity Distributions
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0011
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0015
Mechanistic Familiarity Distributions
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0006
Economic and Cost–Benefit Models and Home Ranges
Powell, R. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191949142.003.0007
Distinct neocortical and entorhinal networks for time, space, and rewardPreprint
Issa, J. B., & Dombeck, D. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.13.682150
Order-Selective Cells Tile Temporal Space and Predict Order Memory in HumansPreprint
Zheng, J., Pavarino, E. C., Skelin, I., Yebra, M., Schwencke, J., Zhu, W., Reed, C. M., Kalia, S. K., Valiante, T. A., Ojemann, S. G., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.683575
Dong, Y., Zhong, J., Wang, J., Liu, X., & Sun, W. (2025) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13908
The inevitability and superfluousness of cell types in spatial cognitionPreprint
Luo, X., Mok, R. M., & Love, B. C. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.99047.2
Nilssen, E. S., Jacobsen, B., Doan, T. P., Girão, P. J., & Witter, M. P. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.109082
Hippocampal sequences traverse a memory spacePreprint
Ulrich, O. C., Gomez, D. M., Lane, M. R., & Priestley, J. B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689701
Unfolding Nostalgia: Spatial Visualization, Nostalgia, and Well-Being
Likhanov, M. V., Bartseva, K. V., Soldatova, E. L., & Kovas, Y. V. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15121669
A Recurrent Neural Network Model for Mixed Spatial and Temporal Encoding in the Hippocampus
Szmidt, F., & Mininni, C. J. (2025) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06401-1_123
Capturing rapid learning in an extended successor representation theory of the cognitive mapPreprint
Cho, S., & McClelland, J. L. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.25.696522
A Passage of Time Signal in the Human Brain
van Wassenhove, V., Kanter, B. R., Viganò, S., & Bordas, R. (2026) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0406-25.2025
Composing egocentric and allocentric maps for flexible navigation
Shani, D., & Dayan, P. (2026) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013905
The Role of Memory in Temporal Discounting
Lempert, K. M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02925-6_16
π/4-Bounded Vector Model for Scale-Invariant Temporal CompressionPreprint
Poulos, M. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6210027
“What” × “When” working memory representations using Laplace Neural ManifoldsPreprint
Sarkar, A., Wang, C., Zuo, S., & Howard, M. W. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.108804.1
Self-citation“What” × “When” working memory representations using Laplace Neural ManifoldsPreprint
Sarkar, A., Wang, C., Zuo, S., & Howard, M. W. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.108804
Self-citationColón, L. M., Famuyide, O. A., & Eisch, A. J. (2026) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70413
Contextualizing the clock(s) : integrating cues for the perception of time and timing an action
Jovanović, L. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/02040c5eze330z4785z905ez7f96060eb46d
Transformation of spatial representations along the mouse hippocampal circuits
Gandit, B. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d646f826z0868z4becz840ez41f31240167b
Implication des dynamiques motrices dans la perception auditive
Zalta, A. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2328afbbzf1ddz47d2z9376z80950d338df1
Rodents’ episodic-like memory: concepts, ageing, neurodegeneration, future
Soliani, A. G., Muratori, B. G., Baptista, J. S., & Cerutti, S. M. (2026) · Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.1515/tnsci-2025-0392
Omura, Y., Yamamoto, J., & 北村, 貴. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.01.729460
Intrinsic Persistent Firing in CA1 Encodes Elapsed Time Across Behaviorally Relevant Scales
Zomorodi, S., Knauer, B., Brahimi, Y., Reboreda, A., Yoshida, M., & Tiganj, Z. (2026) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.70105
Temporal Processing during Decision Making under UncertaintyPreprint
Rabinovich, R. J., Feldman, D. A., Cowan, R. L., Price, T. A., Shahdoust, N., Davis, T. S., Rahimpour, S., Shofty, B., & Smith, E. H. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.30.735611
Lee, H., Bowler, J. C., & Heys, J. G. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.07.09.737618
Neurocircuitry of episodic-like object memory in rodents
Dere, E. (2026) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100982
eLife Assessment: A hierarchical coordinate system for sequence memory in human entorhinal cortex
Schapiro, A. C. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.112067.1.sa3
Arellano, J. I., & RAKIC, P. T. (2026) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.70114
Hippocampal–Cortical Circuits and Memory
Liu, C., Harvey, R. E., & Fernández‐Ruiz, A. (2026) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584261469147
Wang, J., Cai, F., Zhu, Q., Song, Z., Zhang, H., Wang, H., Duan, J., Huang, H., & Xu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1834610
Context-dependent abstraction of temporal relationships during naturalistic episodic memory
Ye, Q., Hu, Y., Ku, Y., Appiah, K., & Kwok, S. C. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117391
Lafond-Mercier, R., Maler, L., & Longtin, A. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.09.750511
Nilssen, E. S., Jacobsen, B., Doan, T. P., Girão, P. J., & Witter, M. P. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.109082.2.sa0
Nilssen, E. S., Jacobsen, B., Doan, T. P., Girão, P. J., & Witter, M. P. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.109082.2
Hierarchical coding of local and global positions in episodic memory for naturalistic sequences
Peng, X., Zhou, Y., Zhang, L., Li, T., Muhle-Karbe, P. S., & Xue, G. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1416
Moving object generates topographic responses in the majority of entorhinal neuronsPreprint
Purandare, C., Durand, S., Hardcastle, B., Gillis, R., Carlson, M., Belski, H., Peene, C. R., Bawany, A., Jha, S., Amaya, A. M., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.05.756590
An Information Compass for Probabilistic Reasoning in the BrainPreprint
Bosulu, J., Balasubramanian, V., Kilpatrick, Z. P., Josić́, K., & Gold, J. I. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.07.757408
Molecular anatomy of the entorhinal cortexPreprint
Morello-Megias, A., Dhulipalla, B. S., Kahvecioglu, H. A., Shin, J., Joseph, S., Aggarwal, D., Luebke, J. I., Rosene, D. L., Dimovasili, C., & Roussarie, J.-P. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.13.758661
Age-related differences in behavior-driven activity in LEC but not MEC
Lister, J. P., Comrie, A. E., & Barnes, C. A. (2026) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhag171
Kim, Y., Kim, J., Choi, I. S., Lee, J., Yang, Y., Choi, J. H., Choi, J., & Rah, J. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.20.760355
Representational manifolds in olfactory cortex
Friedrich, R. W., & Zenke, F. (2026) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2026.103286
Metadata
- Authors
- Tsao, A., Sugar, J., Lu, L., Wang, C., Knierim, J. J., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tsao, Albert
- Moser, Edvard I.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2018-08-29
- Volume
- 561
- Issue
- 7721
- Pages
- 57-62
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2889422159
- Cited by
- 490
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 27.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- time encoding, lateral entorhinal cortex, medial entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, episodic memory, temporal binding, population coding, temporal flow, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Male, Time Factors, Entorhinal Cortex, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
