The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CD22 blockade restores homeostatic microglial phagocytosis in ageing brains
Open accessAbstract
Microglia maintain homeostasis in the central nervous system through phagocytic clearance of protein aggregates and cellular debris. This function deteriorates during ageing and neurodegenerative disease, concomitant with cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms of impaired microglial homeostatic function and the cognitive effects of restoring this function remain unknown. We combined CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens with RNA sequencing analysis to discover age-related genetic modifiers of microglial phagocytosis. These screens identified CD22, a canonical B cell receptor, as a negative regulator of phagocytosis that is upregulated on aged microglia. CD22 mediates the anti-phagocytic effect of α2,6-linked sialic acid, and inhibition of CD22 promotes the clearance of myelin debris, amyloid-β oligomers and α-synuclein fibrils in vivo. Long-term central nervous system delivery of an antibody that blocks CD22 function reprograms microglia towards a homeostatic transcriptional state and improves cognitive function in aged mice. These findings elucidate a mechanism of age-related microglial impairment and a strategy to restore homeostasis in the ageing brain.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“restoration of microglial phagocytosis improved cognitive function in aged mice and promoted a homeostatic microglial transcriptional signature78.”
From Amyloid-β induces lipid droplet-mediated microglial dysfunction via the enzyme DGAT2 in Alzheimer’s disease (2025) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“These were strongly enriched for up-regulated genes with immune-modulatory functions (Table S5), including MHC I-mediated antigen presentation, interferon-response, cell adhesion and complement cascade, as well as regulators of mouse microglia activity (Figure 2C) including Cd22 (Pluvinage et al., 2019), Trem2 and Tyrobp (Yeh et al., 2017).”
From Atlas of the aging mouse brain reveals white matter as vulnerable foci (2023) · cites this paper as Pluvinage et al., 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827
A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Keren-Shaul, H., Spinrad, A., Weiner, A., Matcovitch-Natan, O., Dvir-Szternfeld, R., Ulland, T. K., David, E., Baruch, K., Lara-Astaiso, D., Toth, B., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018 · Cited by 5,493
Zhang, Y., Chen, K., Sloan, S. A., Bennett, M. L., Scholze, A. R., O'Keeffe, S., Phatnani, H. P., Guarnieri, P., Caneda, C., Ruderisch, N., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1860-14.2014 · Cited by 4,875
Meta-Analysis of 74,046 Individuals Identifies 11 New Susceptibility Loci for Alzheimer’s Disease
(EADI), E. A. D. I., Lambert, J.-C., (GERAD), G. A. E. R. I. A. D., Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Consortium (ADGC), (CHARGE), C. F. H. A. A. R. I. G. E., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C. A., Harold, D., Naj, A. C., Sims, R., Bellenguez, C., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2802 · Cited by 4,336
Synaptic Pruning by Microglia Is Necessary for Normal Brain Development
Paolicelli, R. C., Bolasco, G., Pagani, F., Maggi, L., Scianni, M., Panzanelli, P., Giustetto, M., Ferreira, T. A., Guiducci, E., Dumas, L., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1202529 · Cited by 4,244
Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner
Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089
Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models
Hong, S., Beja-Glasser, V. F., Nfonoyim, B. M., Frouin, A., Li, S., Ramakrishnan, S., Merry, K. M., Shi, Q., Rosenthal, A., Barres, B. A., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad8373 · Cited by 3,343
Krasemann, S., Madore, C., Cialic, R., Baufeld, C., Calcagno, N., El Fatimy, R., Beckers, L., O’Loughlin, E., Xu, Y., Fanek, Z., et al. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.008 · Cited by 2,979
Single-cell transcriptomics of 20 mouse organs creates a Tabula Muris
The Tabula Muris Consortium, coordination, O., coordination, L., processing, O. C. A., sequencing, L. P. A., analysis, C. D., annotation, C. T., Writing group, Supplemental text writing group, & Principal investigators (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0590-4 · Cited by 2,842
Identification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia
Butovsky, O., Jedrychowski, M. P., Moore, C. S., Cialic, R., Lanser, A. J., Gabriely, G., Koeglsperger, T., Dake, B., Wu, P. M., Doykan, C. E., et al. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3599 · Cited by 2,543
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–467 of 467
Lu, L., Wang, H., Liu, X., Tan, L., Qiao, X., Ni, J., Sun, Y., Liang, J., Hou, Y., & Dou, H. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-126756/v1 · Cited by 1
Investigation of microglial diversity in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease pathologyPreprint
Iovino, L., VanderZwaag, J., Kaur, G., Khakpour, P., Giusti, V., Chiavegato, A., Lopes, L. T., Greggio, E., Tremblay, M., & Civiero, L. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.23.567809 · Cited by 1
Intermittent fasting attenuates CNS inflammaging - rebalancing the transposonomePreprint
Cummins, M. J., Cresswell, E. T., & Smith, D. W. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6165725/v1 · Cited by 1
The Fundamental Cause of Neurodegenerative DiseasesPreprint
Huang, B. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5250307 · Cited by 1
Anti-isoDGR Antibody Inhibits Atherosclerosis Induced by Western Diet in ApoE -/- micePreprint
Kalailingam, P., Ngan, S. C., Gallart‐Palau, X., Serra, A., Datta, A., Ch’ng, T. H., Tsiani, E., Klentrou, P., Kalaria, R. N., McCarthy, N. E., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.09.658749 · Cited by 1
Commentary: CD22 blockade restores homeostatic microglial phagocytosis in ageing brains
Wei, P., & Li, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01301
“Although CD22 is typically expressed in B-cells, it is specifically upregulated in aged microglia (1).”
BackgroundInfluentialMicroglia, TREM2, and Therapeutic Methods of Alzheimer’s Disease
Xu, S., Ji, Y., Sha, T., & Li, H. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.100203
Sakib, M. S. (2021) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-8870 · Cited by 1
Patro, N., Kushwaha, S. S., & Patro, I. K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8313-8_20
Kozloski, G. A. (2019) · Materials and Methods · doi:10.13070/mm.en.9.2758
Kozloski, G. A. (2019) · Materials and Methods · doi:10.13070/mm.en.9.2844
Modulation of Immune Cell Reactivity with Cis-Binding Siglec AgonistPreprint
Delaveris, C. S., Chiu, S., Riley, N. M., & Bertozzi, C. R. (2020) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12598655
“Engagement of Siglec receptors has been shown to inhibit phagocytosis (21, 52, 58).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTimmerman, R. (2022) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/1603
Understanding the Code of Life: Holistic Conceptual Modeling of the Genome
Alberto García, S. (2022) · doi:10.4995/thesis/10251/191432
Immune Cell Senescence and body Aging
Yoshimura, A. (2023) · Personalized Medicine Universe · doi:10.46459/pmu.2023006
Age-related disease: Central nervous system
Fossel, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15500-0.00005-0
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S.-H., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972873
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S.-H., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972876
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S.-H., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972879
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S.-H., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972882
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S.-H., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972888
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S.-H., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972885
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S.-H., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972870
Shea, J. M., & Villeda, S. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.97671.1 · Cited by 2
CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic engineering for translational research in neurological disorders
Megagiannis, P., Rouleau, G. A., & Zhou, Y. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19041-4.00021-2
Lu, Y., Gu, Y., Chan, A. S. L., Yung, L. Y., & Wong, Y. H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252313079
“Both cell types are intricately involved in the homeostatic regulation of the brain during development, adulthood and aging [3–5], a function that requires the orchestration of intercellular communication with neurons and between themselves.”
Watanabe, A., Hirayama, S., Kominato, I., Marchese, S., Esposito, P., Metodieva, V., Kimura, T., Kameda, H., Sano, T., Takao, M., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632092
Functional Proteins/Peptides Targeting to Clear Amyloid‐β for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy
Gao, Z., Hou, R., & Qian, C. (2025) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202400912
Jin, E., Han, J., Pan, W., Yao, L., Jiang, L., & Tang, H. (2025) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2025.2462731
“In addition, CD22 blockade restores the phagocytic function of microglia, promoting the clearance of myelin debris, amyloid-beta oligomers, and α-synuclein fibrils in vivo , which contributes to the improvement of cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease mice [11].”
Siems, S. B., Jung, R. B., Jahn, O., Meschkat, M., Michanski, S., Łukasik, N., Hümmert, S., Sasmita, A. O., Möbius, W., Benseler, F., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.02.673641
Ortega‐Ribera, M., Joshi, R., Guixé‐Muntet, S., Brezáni, V., Nagesh, P. T., Brezani, V., Patel, A., Zhuang, Y., Babuta, M., Gracia‐Sancho, J., et al. (2025) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101603
“These included upregulated genes Cd22 , Ide , Lrmda, and downregulated genes Dynlt1b , Wdfy1 , Fkbp5 , and Serinc3 as an aging signature cluster (Fig.”
Ablation of progranulin augments microglial activation and accelerates prion progression
Li, B., Shi, Y., Hou, W., Guan, H., Li, J., Yi, T., Li, W., Cai, D., Schwarz, P., Aguzzi, A., et al. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-02128-3
“5e, f), a recently identified negative regulator of microglia phagocytosis [70, 71].”
Campbell, K. S., Cawley, N. X., Luke, R., Scott, K. E. J., Johnson, N., Farhat, N. Y., Alexander, D. M., Wassif, C. A., Li, W., Cologna, S. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22607966
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972861
Campbell, K. S., Cawley, N. X., Luke, R., Scott, K. E. J., Johnson, N., Farhat, N. Y., Alexander, D. M., Wassif, C. A., Li, W., Cologna, S. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22607972
Campbell, K. S., Cawley, N. X., Luke, R., Scott, K. E. J., Johnson, N., Farhat, N. Y., Alexander, D. M., Wassif, C. A., Li, W., Cologna, S. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22607969
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972855
Li, J., Wei, Y., Zhou, J., Zou, H., Ma, L., Liu, C., Xiao, Z., Liu, X., Tan, X., Yu, T., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19915357
Lu, L., Wang, H., Liu, X., Tan, L., Qiao, X., Ni, J., Sun, Y., Liang, J., Hou, Y., & Dou, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16807867
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972864
Wang, X., Liu, L., Jiang, X., Saredy, J., Xi, H., Cueto, R., Sigler, D., Khan, M., Wu, S., Ji, Y., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24240230
Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Cox, J. E. J., Keck, A. W., Ko, S., Ampadu, F. A., Porter, H. L., Ansere, V. A., Kulpa, A. M., Kellogg, C. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23972852
Pinto‐Benito, D., Paradela‐Leal, C., Cano-Adamuz, N., Grassi, D., Azcoitia, Í., Grade, S., & Arévalo, M. Á. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702273
“Effective clearance of such debris has been linked to improved hippocampus-dependent memory, particularly in aging brains [12, 13].”
Shared Transcriptomic Signatures in Perilesional and Contralesional CortexPreprint
Betz, D., Alers, V. A., Kenwood, M. R., Zuurbier, K. R., Coimbra, R., Rhoton, P., Plautz, E. J., Douglas, P. M., Ramirez, D. M. O., Stowe, A. M., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703306
Involvement of microglial aging in neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on Parkinson’s disease
Ballotto, L., Kaur, G., Bubacco, L., Civiero, L., & Greggio, E. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27340-7.00006-1 · Cited by 1
Xue, C., Chen, C., Zou, X., Li, S., Lv, Y., & Liu, W. (2026) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2026.115742
Unraveling the physiopathological actions of the newly discovered Aη peptides in the brain
Mensch, M. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/476a3b23ze46ez4002z9ae4z91bd09be5c76
MafB and c-Maf transcriptional control of macrophage self-renewal and activation
Huang, H. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e3a80f7dz82c4z4f22z8b5eze5bb96e6bf01
Tsubata, T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7386-8_76
Current hypothesis for AD progression
Kim, C. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45844-6.00016-0
Shared transcriptomic signatures in perilesional and contralesional cortex after ischemic stroke
Betz, D., Alers, V. A., Kenwood, M. R., Zuurbier, K. R., Coimbra, R., Rhoton, P., Plautz, E. J., Douglas, P. M., Ramirez, D. M. O., Stowe, A. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03885-1 · Cited by 1
“Shared upregulation of Ccl3, Tlr2, and Cd22, genes implicated in both peripheral immune and reactive myeloid signaling, supports prior work establishing immune cell responses in remote regions after stroke [46, 80, 88, 95, 97].”
Dysfunctional Mitochondria in Microglia Drive Cognitive Aging and Neurodegeneration via cGAS–STING
Ma, G., Wang, E., Yan, X., Xu, X. X., Li, X. Y., Ma, X., Yang, W.-H., Zeng, J., & Xie, X. (2026) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-026-01657-8 · Cited by 2
Hu, J., Wu, M., Xu, Y., Dai, Z., Wu, Y., Gao, X., Lian, L., Wu, J., Huang, Y., & Zhou, S. (2026) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2026.115913 · Cited by 2
Schwab, E., Tewelde, E., Chen, L., & Benayoun, B. A. (2026) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-026-02672-x · Cited by 1
“Identified datasets were comprised of 6 microglia datasets [28, 30–35, 50 –55 These datasets were then processed using a standardized pipeline (see the “Methods” section), with mapping and expression quantification at the gene level using mouse genome reference mm10 (see the “Methods” section).”
Jaganathan, R., Vijayakumar, S., Chen, Y., Ye, J., Bakthavatchalam, P., Wankhar, D., Yang, C., Iyaswamy, A., & Li, M. (2026) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2026.107555
Ghosh, D., & Kumar, A. (2026) · Neuroglia · doi:10.3390/neuroglia7040033
Xu, J., Chang, Y., Liu, D., & Chen, C. (2026) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint18100186
Lee, Y. H., Siew, J. J., Lee, C., Chen, H., Lu, Y.-T., Sridharan, D., Huang, P., Chang, H.-C., Guu, S.-Y., Wang, P.-Y., et al. (2026) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-026-00996-4
Human microglia clear intraneuronal α-synuclein aggregates by GPNMB-mediated trogocytosis
Chueh, H.-J., Katsikoudi, A., Aragón-González, A., Lam, C. L., Tamon, L., Jainarayanan, A., Agarwal, D., Cowley, S. A., Sims, D., & Tofaris, G. K. (2026) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adz9258
“We assessed CD22, an α 2,6-linked sialic acid receptor previously shown to prevent aggregate clearance (10) and P2RY12, a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by neuronal damage (34, 35) that were up-regulated with increased aggregation.”
Sialic Acids: From Biosynthesis and Molecular Recognition to Disease and Therapy
Bellis, S., & Panin, V. (2026) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2026.113688
BindingDB Entry 50016161: Targeting
BindingDB (2023) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2qv3rhq
Sialic acid cis -ligands as modulators of Siglec function in cancer immunity
Valk, A. H., Boros, M. G. M., Schuurmans, F., Adema, G. J., & Cornelissen, L. A. M. (2026) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2026.2752647
Metadata
- Authors
- Pluvinage, J. V., Haney, M. S., Smith, B. A. H., Sun, J., Iram, T., Bonanno, L., Li, L., Lee, D. P., Morgens, D. W., Yang, A. C., Shuken, S. R., Gate, D., Scott, M., Khatri, P., Luo, J., Bertozzi, C. R., Bassik, M. C., & Wyss-Coray, T.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 568
- Issue
- 7751
- Pages
- 187-192
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6574119
- OpenAlex
- W2934339908
- Cited by
- 459
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 26
- FWCI
- 23.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1s10od020141-01)
- National Institute on Aging (F30AG060638, R01AG045034, DP1AG053015)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (T32HG000044)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA227942)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM120007, T32GM007365, R01GM059907)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- CD22, microglial phagocytosis, brain aging, microglial homeostasis, sialic acid, myelin debris clearance, amyloid-beta oligomers, alpha-synuclein fibrils, cognitive decline, antibody therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 screen, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9, Aging, Animals, Brain, Cognition, Female, Homeostasis, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phagocytosis, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Microglia, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, Mice, Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2, CRISPR-Cas Systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
