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Mutation in the α-Synuclein Gene Identified in Families with Parkinson's Disease

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Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia

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Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages

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Expanded GGGGCC Hexanucleotide Repeat in Noncoding Region of C9ORF72 Causes Chromosome 9p-Linked FTD and ALS

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A Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion in C9ORF72 Is the Cause of Chromosome 9p21-Linked ALS-FTD

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Meta-Analysis of 74,046 Individuals Identifies 11 New Susceptibility Loci for Alzheimer’s Disease

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Alzheimer’s disease alters the transcriptomic profile of natural killer cells at single-cell resolution

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Central Nervous System Macrophages in Health and Disease

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The P2X7 receptor: a new therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease

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Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors Modulate Microglia Function and Amyloid Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Macrophage Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease: From Bench to Bedside Applications

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Long-Term Microgliosis Driven by Acute Systemic Inflammation

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The Alzheimer's disease risk factor INPP5D restricts neuroprotective microglial responses in amyloid beta‐mediated pathology

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Bisphenol F Impaired Zebrafish Cognitive Ability through Inducing Neural Cell Heterogeneous Responses

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Comparative CNS Pharmacology of the Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor Tolebrutinib Versus Other BTK Inhibitor Candidates for Treating Multiple Sclerosis

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Dysfunction of the neurovascular unit in diabetes-related neurodegeneration

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GSDMD in peripheral myeloid cells regulates microglial immune training and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease

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ATM-deficiency-induced microglial activation promotes neurodegeneration in ataxia-telangiectasia

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Are comorbidities compatible with a molecular pathological classification of neurodegenerative diseases?

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microRNA-132 regulates gene expression programs involved in microglial homeostasis

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Gas6 Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Inflammatory Pathways in Mouse Microglia via Axl and Mer

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Its complicated: The relationship between alcohol and microglia in the search for novel pharmacotherapeutic targets for alcohol use disorders

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Crossing borders in Alzheimer’s disease: A T cell’s perspective

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Recent Development in the Understanding of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Monocyte-derived macrophages act as reinforcements when microglia fall short in Alzheimer’s disease

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Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 Expression in Retinal Mononuclear Phagocytes Links Murine to Human Choroidal Neovascularization

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When the infectious environment meets the AD brain

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Irisin reprograms microglia through activation of STAT6 and prevents cognitive dysfunction after surgery in mice

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Multi-functional role of apolipoprotein E in neurodegenerative diseases

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Blood-brain barrier and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

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Histamine 2/3 receptor agonists alleviate perioperative neurocognitive disorders by inhibiting microglia activation through the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway in aged rats

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The NKCC1 ion transporter modulates microglial phenotype and inflammatory response to brain injury in a cell-autonomous manner

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Frequent Low-Dose Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Adolescence Disrupts Microglia Homeostasis and Disables Responses to Microbial Infection and Social Stress in Young Adulthood

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Expression of HIV-1 Intron-Containing RNA in Microglia Induces Inflammatory Responses

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G protein–biased GPR3 signaling ameliorates amyloid pathology in a preclinical Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

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QUAKING Regulates Microexon Alternative Splicing of the Rho GTPase Pathway and Controls Microglia Homeostasis

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Microglia sense and suppress epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability

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TMEM59 interacts with TREM2 and modulates TREM2-dependent microglial activities

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Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Unprecedented Opportunity as Prospective Drug Target

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Intravenous treatment with a molecular chaperone designed against β-amyloid toxicity improves Alzheimer’s disease pathology in mouse models

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TLR4-Pathway-Associated Biomarkers in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): Potential Targets for Future Anti-Inflammatory Therapies

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Small-Molecule Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 5 (LPAR5) Antagonists: Versatile Pharmacological Tools to Regulate Inflammatory Signaling in BV-2 Microglia Cells

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The neuronal retromer can regulate both neuronal and microglial phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease

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Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptotic Action of Metformin Attenuates Ethanol Neurotoxicity in the Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

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Pathophysiological Aspects and Therapeutic Armamentarium of Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Trends and Future Development

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Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin/Celecoxib combination in zebrafish models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Goldshtein, H., Muhire, A., Légaré, V. P., Pushett, A., Rotkopf, R., Shefner, J. M., Peterson, R. T., Armstrong, G. A. B., & Russek‐Blum, N. (2020) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51174 · Cited by 30

Icariin: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

Khezri, M. R., & Ghasemnejad‐Berenji, M. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03667-0 · Cited by 30

Modulation of Microglial Function by ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors: Studies in Rat, Mice and Human

Tewari, M., Michalski, S. A., & Egan, T. M. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13020161 · Cited by 36

Modeling Cell-Cell Interactions in Parkinson’s Disease Using Human Stem Cell-Based Models

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Aluminum and Neurofibrillary Tangle Co-Localization in Familial Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Neurological Disorders

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Sustained type I interferon signaling after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human iPSC derived microglia and cerebral organoids

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The emerging role of disease-associated microglia in Parkinson’s disease

Samant, R. R., Standaert, D. G., & Harms, A. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1476461 · Cited by 32

Disease-associated microglial activation prevents photoreceptor degeneration by suppressing the accumulation of cell debris and neutrophils in degenerating rat retinas

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Targeting mitophagy for depression amelioration: a novel therapeutic strategy

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Microglia depletion leads to increased susceptibility to ocular hypertension-dependent glaucoma

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Neurodegenerative phagocytes mediate synaptic stripping in Neuro-HIV

Liberto, G. D., Égervári, K., Kreutzfeldt, M., Schürch, C. M., Hewer, E., Wagner, I., Pasquier, R. D., & Merkler, D. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac102 · Cited by 28

The inhibition of Kir2.1 potassium channels depolarizes spinal microglial cells, reduces their proliferation, and attenuates neuropathic pain

Gattlen, C., Deftu, A., Tonello, R., Ling, Y., Berta, T., Ristoiu, V., & Suter, M. R. (2020) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23831 · Cited by 26

Myeloid Cell and Transcriptome Signatures Associated With Inflammation Resolution in a Model of Self-Limiting Acute Brain Inflammation

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Maternal Nicotine Exposure During Gestation and Lactation Period Affects Behavior and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mouse Offspring

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Cytokine changes in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma after emergency orthopaedic surgery

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Microglial Endocannabinoid Signalling in AD

Scipioni, L., Ciaramellano, F., Carnicelli, V., Leuti, A., Lizzi, A. R., Dominicis, N. D., Oddi, S., & Maccarrone, M. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11071237 · Cited by 26

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Key targets for attenuating neurodegenerative diseases

Bye, L. J., Finol‐Urdaneta, R. K., Tae, H., & Adams, D. J. (2023) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106387 · Cited by 28

Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease

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In vivo imaging in mouse spinal cord reveals that microglia prevent degeneration of injured axons

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Trehalose Treatment in Zebrafish Model of Lafora Disease

Vecchia, S. D., Ogi, A., Licitra, R., Abramo, F., Nardi, G., Mero, S., Landi, S., Battini, R., Sicca, F., Ratto, G. M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23126874 · Cited by 23

FAM69C functions as a kinase for eIF2α and promotes stress granule assembly

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Identification of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Bioactive Compounds in Essential Oils and Aqueous Distillation Residues Obtained from Commercial Varieties of Cannabis sativa L.

Barbalace, M. C., Freschi, M., Rinaldi, I., Mazzara, E., Maraldi, T., Malaguti, M., Prata, C., Maggi, F., Petrelli, R., Hrelia, S., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242316601 · Cited by 24

Revolutionizing our understanding of Parkinson’s disease: Dr. Heinz Reichmann’s pioneering research and future research direction

Tanaka, M., & Vécsei, L. (2024) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-024-02812-z · Cited by 23

Identification and drug-induced reversion of molecular signatures of Alzheimer’s disease onset and progression in AppNL-G-F, AppNL-F, and 3xTg-AD mouse models

Pauls, E., Bayod, S., Mateo, L., Alcalde, V., Juan-Blanco, T., Sánchez‐Soto, M., Saido, T. C., Saito, T., Berenguer, A., Attolini, C. S., et al. (2021) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-021-00983-y · Cited by 23

Apigenin Regulates Activation of Microglia and Counteracts Retinal Degeneration

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Extracellular Vesicles from Human Teeth Stem Cells Trigger ATP Release and Promote Migration of Human Microglia through P2X4 Receptor/MFG-E8-Dependent Mechanisms

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Erjingpill bionic cerebrospinal fluid alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells by inhibiting glycolysis via mTOR

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TNFAIP3 Reduction-of-Function Drives Female Infertility and CNS Inflammation

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Roflupram, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory responses through activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway

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Exercise alleviates cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease mice via skeletal muscle-derived extracellular vesicles that enhance plaque clearance by microglia

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Analysis of ALS-related proteins during herpes simplex virus-2 latent infection

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Fractionated Low-Dose Radiation Induces Long-Lasting Inflammatory Responses in the Hippocampal Stem Cell Niche

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SRI ‐42127, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the RNA regulator HuR , potently attenuates glial activation in a model of lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammation

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The Dual Nature of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk Perspective

Xie, Z., Meng, J., Wu, Z., Nakanishi, H., Hayashi, Y., Kong, W., Lan, F., Narengaowa, Yang, Q., Qing, H., et al. (2023) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584211070273 · Cited by 19

Menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells alleviate neuroinflammation by modulating M1/M2 polarization in cell and rat Parkinson’s disease models

Li, H., Wei, J., Zhang, Z., Li, J., Ma, Y., Zhang, P., & Lin, J. (2023) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03330-7 · Cited by 19

Activation of microglia synergistically enhances neurodegeneration caused by MPP+ in human SH-SY5Y cells

Peng, Z., Luchtman, D. W., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., & Song, C. (2019) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.024 · Cited by 19

Central Activation of Alpha7 Nicotinic Signaling Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation and Sickness Behavior in Adult but Not in Aged Animals

Navarro, E., Norden, D. M., Trojanowski, P. J., Godbout, J. P., & López, M. G. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26082107 · Cited by 20

Microglia‐Related Gene Triggering Receptor Expressed in Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) Is Upregulated in the Substantia Nigra of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Sánchez‐Ruiz de Gordoa, J., Erro, M. E., Vicuña‐Urriza, J., Zelaya, M. V., Tellechea, P., Acha, B., Zueco, S., Urdánoz‐Casado, A., Roldán, M., Blanco‐Luquin, I., et al. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27992 · Cited by 18

Integrating neuroinflammation biomarkers into the ATN(X) framework: Advances in Alzheimer's pathogenesis, diagnosis, and insights from non‐human primate models

Jin, Z., Lu, Y., Tang, H., & Cui, H. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70472 · Cited by 24

Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloidosis: Translational Implications

Ni, R. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14111179 · Cited by 18

Single-cell RNA-seq reveals alterations in peripheral CX3CR1 and nonclassical monocytes in familial tauopathy

Sirkis, D. W., Solsberg, C. W., Johnson, T. P., Bonham, L. W., Sturm, V. E., Lee, S. E., Rankin, K. P., Rosen, H. J., Boxer, A. L., Seeley, W. W., et al. (2023) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-023-01205-3 · Cited by 19

Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping

Bobotis, B. C., Halvorson, T., Carrier, M., & Tremblay, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1317125 · Cited by 22

An in vitro model for studying CNS white matter: functional properties and experimental approaches

Bijland, S., Thomson, G., Euston, M., Michail, K., Thümmler, K., Mücklisch, S., Crawford, C. L., Barnett, S. C., McLaughlin, M., Anderson, T. J., et al. (2019) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.16802.1 · Cited by 17

Transcriptional profiling of microglia in the injured brain reveals distinct molecular features underlying neurodegeneration

Cong, L., Dai, S., Shi, R., He, X., Wang, Y., He, B., Sun, X., Du, H., Liu, C., & Teng, Z. (2021) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23966 · Cited by 18

The Role of Microglia in Inherited White-Matter Disorders and Connections to Frontotemporal Dementia

Sirkis, D. W., Bonham, L. W., & Yokoyama, J. S. (2021) · The Application of Clinical Genetics · doi:10.2147/tacg.s245029 · Cited by 21

Expression of INPP5D Isoforms in Human Brain: Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology and Genetics

Zajac, D. J., Simpson, J., Zhang, E., Parikh, I., & Estus, S. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14030763 · Cited by 18

Primary Microglia Dysfunction or Microgliopathy: A Cause of Dementias and Other Neurological or Psychiatric Disorders

Bianchin, M. M., & Snow, Z. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.032 · Cited by 17

Region-Specific Effects of Fractionated Low-Dose Versus Single-Dose Radiation on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation

Schmal, Z., & Rübe, C. E. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14225477 · Cited by 17

Residual microglia following short‐term PLX5622 treatment in 5xFAD mice exhibit diminished NLRP3 inflammasome and mTOR signaling, and enhanced autophagy

Kodali, M., Madhu, L. N., Somayaji, Y., Attaluri, S., Huard, C., Panda, P. K., Shankar, G., Rao, S., Shuai, B., Gonzalez, J. J., et al. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14398 · Cited by 18

SIRPα deficiency accelerates the pathologic process in models of Parkinson disease

Wang, J., Ding, X., Wu, X., Liu, J., Zhou, R., Wei, P., Zhang, Q., Zhang, C., Zen, K., & Li, L. (2019) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23689 · Cited by 20

Advances in the study of the effects of gut microflora on microglia in Alzheimer’s disease

Wu, J.-J., & Wei, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1295916 · Cited by 16

Novel avenues of tau research

Sexton, C. E., Bitan, G., Bowles, K. R., Bryś, M., Buée, L., Maina, M. B., Clelland, C. D., Cohen, A. D., Crary, J. F., Dage, J. L., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13533 · Cited by 16

Oxidative Effects in Early Stages of Embryo Development Due to Alcohol Consumption

González, D., Márquez, A., & Casimiro, I. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25074100 · Cited by 18

Sex-Specific Effects of Microglia-Like Cell Engraftment during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Han, J., Zhu, K., Zhou, K., Hakim, R., Sankavaram, S. R., Blomgren, K., Lund, H., Zhang, X., & Harris, R. A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21186824 · Cited by 16

Paraquat mediates BV-2 microglia activation by raising intracellular ROS and inhibiting Akt1 phosphorylation

Xiao, H., Song, B., Li, Q., Shao, Y., Zhang, Y.-B., Chang, X., & Zhou, Z. (2021) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.017 · Cited by 16

Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Modulates Both Neuroinflammation and Microgliosis, and Prevents Massive Leukocyte Infiltration to the Cerebellum in a Mouse Model of Neuronal Degeneration

Pérez-Martín, E., Pérez-Revuelta, L., Barahona-López, C., Pérez-Boyero, D., Alonso, J. R., Díaz, D., & Weruaga, E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24119691 · Cited by 16

Evaluation of cannabinoid type 2 receptor expression and pyridine-based radiotracers in brains from a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Kecheliev, V., Spinelli, F., Herde, A. M., Haider, A., Mu, L., Klohs, J., Ametamey, S. M., & Ni, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018610 · Cited by 15

Immunological signatures in frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Sirkis, D. W., Bonham, L. W., Karch, C. M., & Yokoyama, J. S. (2019) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000665 · Cited by 14

The role of monocytes and macrophages in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Nie, W., Yue, Y., & Hu, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1590909 · Cited by 15

Elevated intraocular pressure causes cellular and molecular retinal injuries, advocating a more moderate intraocular pressure setting during phacoemulsification surgery

Zhao, Z., Yu, X., Yang, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, D., Sun, N., & Fan, Z. (2020) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-020-01519-w · Cited by 14

Pexidartinib treatment in Alexander disease model mice reduces macrophage numbers and increases glial fibrillary acidic protein levels, yet has minimal impact on other disease phenotypes

Boyd, M. M., Litscher, S. J., Seitz, L. L., Messing, A., Hagemann, T. L., & Collier, L. S. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02118-x · Cited by 14

The Microglial Response to Neurodegenerative Disease

Song, W. M., & Colonna, M. (2018) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2018.04.002 · Cited by 30

The Role of Disease-Associated Microglia in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Review

Labuda, V., & Sundara, M. A. (2024) · Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal · doi:10.26685/urncst.575 · Cited by 2

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Gómez‐Nicola, D., & Perry, V. H. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1429-6_18 · Cited by 13

Activators of neurotoxic microglia in neurodegeneration: is the answer in blood?

Finney, C. A., Wilkins, H., Swerdlow, R. H., & Brown, D. A. (2023) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1111/imcb.12674 · Cited by 3

Microglia in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Tejera, D., & Heneka, M. T. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9658-2_5 · Cited by 54