The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Broad and strong memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and therapeutics will depend on understanding viral immunity. We studied T cell memory in 42 patients following recovery from COVID-19 (28 with mild disease and 14 with severe disease) and 16 unexposed donors, using interferon-γ-based assays with peptides spanning SARS-CoV-2 except ORF1. The breadth and magnitude of T cell responses were significantly higher in severe as compared with mild cases. Total and spike-specific T cell responses correlated with spike-specific antibody responses. We identified 41 peptides containing CD4+ and/or CD8+ epitopes, including six immunodominant regions. Six optimized CD8+ epitopes were defined, with peptide-MHC pentamer-positive cells displaying the central and effector memory phenotype. In mild cases, higher proportions of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells were observed. The identification of T cell responses associated with milder disease will support an understanding of protective immunity and highlights the potential of including non-spike proteins within future COVID-19 vaccine design.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide “megapools,” circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were identified in COVID-19 acute, mild and convalescent patients [110, 118-125].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [120]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“By contrast, VAERD has not usually occurred if a TH1 cell-biased CD4+ T cell response is elicited, reflected by increased levels of interferon-γ (IFNγ), IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)44–46,49.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“Robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory is induced after COVID-19,22,39, 40, 41 and multiple COVID-19 vaccines elicit CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.26,42, 43, 44, 45”
From Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals (2021) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“It should be noted that all plasma and sera tested completely inhibited entry at the lowest dilution tested and that T cell responses will contribute to control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in re-infected convalescent patients (Grifoni et al., 2020; Peng et al., 2020).”
From SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and P.1 escape from neutralizing antibodies (2021) · cites this paper as Peng et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“T cell responses are detected after almost all SARS-CoV-2 infections (Grifoni et al., 2020; Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020; Peng et al., 2020; Sekine et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Peng et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“In SARS-CoV-2 infections, the presence of virus-specific CD8+ T cells has been associated with better COVID-19 outcomes (Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020; Peng et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Peng et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Current evidence suggests an early, robust, and diverse T cell response directed against SARS-CoV-2 correlates with milder COVID-19 outcomes126,131,132”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
In the citing paper
“Severe COVID-19 has been associated with lower TCR diversity against SARS-CoV-2 epitopes131,132.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
In the citing paper
“For CD8+ T cells, there are reports of diminished CD8+ cytotoxicity and cytokine production in severe cases126,132, while others report the opposite141, and still others find no differences142.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246
Self-citationCryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K. S., Goldsmith, J. A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B. S., & McLellan, J. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2507 · Cited by 8,897
Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., Liu, S., Zhao, P., Liu, H., Zhu, L., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30076-x · Cited by 8,545
Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis
Fehr, A. R., & Perlman, S. M. (2015) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1 · Cited by 3,910
Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 · Cited by 3,595
High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa
Xu, H., Zhong, L., Deng, J., Peng, J., Dan, H., Zeng, X., Li, T., & Chen, Q. (2020) · International Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x · Cited by 2,838
Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19
Liao, M., Liu, Y., Yuan, J., Wen, Y., Xu, G., Zhao, J., Cheng, L., Li, J., Wang, X., Wang, F., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0901-9 · Cited by 2,614
Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Diao, B., Wang, C., Tan, Y., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Ning, L., Chen, L., Li, M., Liu, Y., Wang, G., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00827 · Cited by 2,475
Self-citationFolegatti, P. M., Ewer, K. J., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Bibi, S., Bittaye, M., Clutterbuck, E. A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31604-4 · Cited by 2,419
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Fehr, A. R. & Perlman, S. in Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology Vol. 1282 (eds Maier H., Bickerton E., Britton P.) 1–23 (Humana Press, 2015).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,000
IFN-λ uniquely promotes CD8 T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 relative to type I IFN
Solstad, A., Denz, P. J., Kenney, A. D., Mahfooz, N. S., Speaks, S., Gong, Q., Robinson, R., Long, M. E., Forero, A., Yount, J. S., et al. (2024) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.171830 · Cited by 13
COVID-19—from mucosal immunology to IBD patients
Weidinger, C., Hegazy, A. N., Glauben, R., & Siegmund, B. (2021) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-021-00384-9 · Cited by 15
Role of the Immune Microenvironment in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Ye, C.-H., Hsu, W., Peng, G.-R., Yu, W.-C., Lin, W., Hu, S., & Yu, S. (2021) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897211010632 · Cited by 15
Poteryaev, D. A., Abbasova, S. G., Ignatyeva, P. E., Strizhakova, O. M., Колесник, С. В., & Авгатович, Х. Р. (2021) · Biological Products Prevention Diagnosis Treatment · doi:10.30895/2221-996x-2021-21-3-178-192 · Cited by 15
Jeewandara, C., Aberathna, I. S., Gomes, L., Pushpakumara, P. D., Danasekara, S., Guruge, D., Ranasinghe, T., Gunasekera, B., Kamaladasa, A., Kuruppu, H., et al. (2022) · Immunity Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.592 · Cited by 14
Self-citationÇağan, E., Tezcan, G., Şimşek, A., Kızmaz, M. A., Dombaz, F., Aşan, A., Demir, H. I., Bal, S. H., Yöyen-Ermiş, D., Dilektaşlı, A. G., et al. (2022) · Viral Immunology · doi:10.1089/vim.2021.0132 · Cited by 14
Paolini, A., Borella, R., Neroni, A., Tartaro, D. L., Mattioli, M., Fidanza, L., Nella, A. D., Santacroce, E., Gozzi, L., Busani, S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23148004 · Cited by 14
Shamseldin, M. M., Zani, A., Kenney, A., Evans, J. P., Zeng, C., Read, K. A., Caution, K., Hall, J. M., Brown, J. M., Gunsch, G., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2200297 · Cited by 16
IFN‐γ+ cell response and IFN‐γ release concordance after in vitro SARS‐CoV‐2 stimulation
Vallejo, A., Vizcarra, P., Quereda, C., Moreno, A. M., Casado, J. L., & the CoVEX study group (2021) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13636 · Cited by 22
Identification of HLA-A2 restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins
Deng, J., Pan, J., Qiu, M., Mao, L., Wang, Z., Zhu, G., Gao, L., Su, J., Hu, Y., Luo, O. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.4ma0621-020r · Cited by 14
Pretti, M. A. M., Galvani, R. G. A., Scherer, N. D. M., Farias, A. S., & Boroni, M. (2022) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105236 · Cited by 14
Casado, J. L., Häemmerle, J., Vizcarra, P., Rodríguez-Domínguez, M., Velasco, T., Velasco, H., Centenera, E., Romero‐Hernández, B., Fernández-Escribano, M., & Vallejo, A. (2021) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.1341 · Cited by 13
Lung T cell response in COVID-19
Shakiba, M. H., Gemünd, I. D., Beyer, M., & Bonaguro, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108716 · Cited by 13
Ning, J., Wang, Q., Chen, Y., He, T., Zhang, F., Chen, X., Shi, L., Zhai, A., Li, B., & Wu, C. (2023) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.28743 · Cited by 12
Self-citationInflammasomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of their corresponding inhibitors
Diarimalala, R. O., Wei, Y., Hu, D., & Hu, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218039 · Cited by 12
The Influence of Cross-Reactive T Cells in COVID-19
Eggenhuizen, P. J., & Ooi, J. D. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12030564 · Cited by 14
A T cell–based SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine provides protection without antibodies
Shi, J., Zheng, J. H., Zhang, X., Tai, W., Compas, R., Deno, J., Jachym, N., Verma, A. K., Wang, G., Guan, X., et al. (2024) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.155789 · Cited by 13
Roznik, K., Xue, J., Stavrakis, G., Johnston, T. S., Kalluri, D., Ohsie, R., Qin, C. X., McAteer, J., Segev, D. L., Mogul, D. B., et al. (2024) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-024-00866-4 · Cited by 14
Juhl, A. K., Dietz, L. L., Søgaard, O. S., Reekie, J., Nielsen, H. I., Johansen, I. S., Benfield, T., Wiese, L., Stærke, N. B., Jensen, T. Ø., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae215 · Cited by 13
Benhamouda, N., Besbes, A., Bauer, R., Mabrouk, N., Gadouas, G., Desaint, C., Chevrier, L., Lefebvre, M., Radenne, A., Roelens, M., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110441 · Cited by 13
Immune responses in COVID-19 patients: Insights into cytokine storms and adaptive immunity kinetics
Zhang, J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34577 · Cited by 13
Olvera, À., Noguera-Julián, M., Kilpeläinen, A., Romero-Martín, L., Prado, J. G., & Brander, C. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8030444 · Cited by 14
Piccaluga, P. P., Malerba, G., Navari, M., Diani, E., Concia, E., & Gibellini, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2020.595539 · Cited by 13
Kuwentrai, C., Yu, J., Zhang, B., Hu, Y., Dou, Y., Gong, H., Huang, J., & Xu, C. (2021) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2021/5531220 · Cited by 15
Medha, M., Bhatt, P., Priyanka, P., Sharma, M., & Sharma, S. (2021) · In Silico Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s40203-021-00098-7 · Cited by 13
Egorov, A. I., Griffin, S. M., Fuzawa, M., Kobylanski, J., Grindstaff, R. D., Padgett, W. T., Simmons, S. O., Hallinger, D. R., Styles, J. N., Wickersham, L. C., et al. (2021) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00693-21 · Cited by 13
A Distributed Optimal Control Model Applied to COVID-19 Pandemic
Kovacevic, R. M., Stilianakis, N. I., & Veliov, V. M. (2022) · SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization · doi:10.1137/20m1373840 · Cited by 13
Immune Responses Following the First Dose of the Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)
Jeewandara, C., Fernando, S., Pushpakumara, P. D., Ramu, S. T., Kamaladasa, A., Gunasekara, B., Aberathna, I. S., Kuruppu, H., Ranasinghe, T., Dayarathne, S., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05788-6 · Cited by 12
Self-citationJearanaiwitayakul, T., Limthongkul, J., Kaofai, C., Apichirapokey, S., Chawengkirttikul, R., Sapsutthipas, S., Sunintaboon, P., & Ubol, S. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051142 · Cited by 13
The Relative Positioning of B and T Cell Epitopes Drives Immunodominance
Biavasco, R., & Giovanni, M. D. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10081227 · Cited by 13
Parry, H., Bruton, R. K., Ayodele, R., Sylla, P., McIlroy, G., Logan, N. A., Scott, S., Nicol, S., Verma, K., Stephens, C., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100739 · Cited by 12
Chen, X., Li, H., Song, H., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Han, P., & Wang, X. (2022) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12288 · Cited by 12
Ogura, H., Gohda, J., Lu, X., Yamamoto, M., Takesue, Y., Son, A., Doi, S., Matsushita, K., Isobe, F., Fukuda, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34655-1 · Cited by 14
Namuniina, A., Muyanja, E., Biribawa, V. M., Okech, B. A., Ssemaganda, A., Price, M. A., Hills, N. K., Nanteza, A., Bagaya, B. S., Weiskopf, D., et al. (2023) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0001566 · Cited by 13
Federico, L., Malone, B., Tennøe, S., Chaban, V., Osen, J. R., Gainullin, M., Smorodina, E., Kared, H., Akbar, R., Greiff, V., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265044 · Cited by 13
Uttamrao, P. P., Sathyaseelan, C., Patro, L. P. P., & Rathinavelan, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.692937 · Cited by 14
T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals
Mattoo, S.-U.-S., & Myoung, J. (2022) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12275-022-1624-z · Cited by 13
Pérez‐Gómez, A., Gasca‐Capote, C., Vitallé, J., Ostos, F. J., Serna‐Gallego, A., Trujillo‐Rodríguez, M., Muñoz‐Muela, E., Giráldez‐Pérez, T., Praena‐Segovia, J., Navarro-Amuedo, M. D., et al. (2022) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.802 · Cited by 12
Zeng, Y. C., Young, O. J., Xiong, Q., Si, L., Ku, M., Bernier, S. G., Dembele, H., Isinelli, G., Gilboa, T., Swank, Z., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.29.573647 · Cited by 13
Ji, C., Xue, S., Yu, M., Liu, J., Zhang, Q., Zuo, F., Zheng, Q., Zhao, L., Zhang, H., Cao, J., et al. (2021) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c05781 · Cited by 13
Immunology and Technology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines
Pecetta, S., Kratochvil, S., Kato, Y., Vadivelu, K., & Rappuoli, R. (2022) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000285 · Cited by 11
Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among liver transplant recipients
Becchetti, C., Broekhoven, A. G. C., Dahlqvist, G., Fraga, M., Zambelli, M. F., Ciccarelli, O., Saouli, A.-C., Trizzino, A., Banz, V. M., Dufour, J., et al. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326609 · Cited by 12
Singh, A., Adam, A., Rodriguez, L., Peng, B., Wang, B., Xie, X., Shi, P., Homma, K., & Wang, T. (2023) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens12040554 · Cited by 12
Self-citationNext-Generation Vaccines against COVID-19 Variants: Beyond the Spike Protein
Bonam, S. R., & Hu, H. (2023) · Zoonoses · doi:10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0003 · Cited by 12
Considerations for Choosing T Cell Assays during a Pandemic
Law, J. C., & Watts, T. H. (2023) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2300129 · Cited by 11
Seeing the T cell Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV: Believing the Epitope-Oriented Vaccines
Yue, C., Wang, P., Tian, J., Gao, G. F., Liu, K., & Liu, W. J. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.80468 · Cited by 12
Kałucka, M., Roszczyk, A., Klimaszewska, M., Kaleta, B., Drelich, E., Błażewicz, A., Górska, S., Malinowska, E., Król, M., Prus, A. M., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15184015 · Cited by 12
Fathollahi, M., Motamedi, H., Hossainpour, H., Abiri, R., Shahlaei, M., Moradi, S., Dashtbin, S., Moradi, J., & Alvandi, A. (2023) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2023.2258420 · Cited by 13
Li, C., Ma, L., Zou, D., Zhang, R., Bai, X., Li, L., Wu, G., Huang, T., Zhao, W., Jin, E., et al. (2023) · Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics · doi:10.1016/j.gpb.2023.10.004 · Cited by 12
Chakraborty, C., Bhattacharya, M., & Lee, S. (2024) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2526 · Cited by 14
Verma, S. K., Ana‐Sosa‐Batiz, F., Timis, J., Shafee, N., Maule, E., Pinto, P. B. A., Conner, C., Valentine, K. M., Cowley, D. O., Miller, R., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105361 · Cited by 15
The immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Overview of lessons learned in the first 5 years
Yang, O. O. (2025) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkaf033 · Cited by 14
Sweeney, N. A., Merrick, B., Galão, R. P., Pickering, S., Botgros, A., Wilson, H., Signell, A. W., Betancor, G., Ik, M. T. K., Ramble, J., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249791 · Cited by 13
Prolonged humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19-recovered patients
Alsayb, M. A., Alsamiri, A. D. D., Makhdoom, H. Q., Alwasaidi, T., Osman, H., & Mahallawi, W. H. (2021) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.008 · Cited by 12
Konik, M., Lindemann, M., Zettler, M., Meller, L., Dolff, S., Rebmann, V., Horn, P. A., Dittmer, U., Krawczyk, A., Schipper, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10194606 · Cited by 13
Mele, D., Calastri, A., Maiorano, E., Cerino, A., Sachs, M., Oliviero, B., Mantovani, S., Baldanti, F., Bruno, R., Benazzo, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.748881 · Cited by 13
Zhong, C., Xia, H., Adam, A., Wang, B., Hajnik, R. L., Liang, Y., Rafael, G. H., Zou, J., Wang, X., Sun, J., et al. (2021) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00405-5 · Cited by 13
Self-citationHaider, P., Hoberstorfer, T., Salzmann, M., Fischer, M. B., Speidl, W. S., Wojta, J., & Hohensinner, P. J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031881 · Cited by 12
Bonifacius, A., Tischer‐Zimmermann, S., Santamorena, M. M., Mausberg, P., Schenk, J., Koch, S., Barnstorf-Brandes, J., Gödecke, N., Martens, J., Goudeva, L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.867042 · Cited by 12
Predicted impact of the viral mutational landscape on the cytotoxic response against SARS-CoV-2
Foix, A., López, D., Díez‐Fuertes, F., McConnell, M. J., & Martín-Galiano, A. J. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009726 · Cited by 12
The lymphatic system and COVID-19 vaccines
Miyasaka, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041025 · Cited by 12
Pacheco-Olvera, D. L., Remy-Hernández, S. S., García-Valeriano, M. G., Rivera-Hernández, T., & López-Macías, C. I. R. (2022) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.10.007 · Cited by 12
Kapten, K., Orczyk, K., & Smolewska, E. B. (2023) · Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis · doi:10.1007/s00005-023-00673-0 · Cited by 12
Immune damage mechanisms of COVID-19 and novel strategies in prevention and control of epidemic
Sun, Y., Luo, B., Liu, Y., Wu, Y., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130398 · Cited by 13
Self-citationIncreased vaccine sensitivity of an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant
Lewnard, J. A., Hong, V. X., Kim, J. S., Shaw, S. F., Lewin, B. J., Takhar, H. S., Lipsitch, M., & Tartof, S. Y. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39567-2 · Cited by 11
T cell control of SARS-CoV-2: When, which, and where?
Diniz, M. O., Maini, M. K., & Swadling, L. (2023) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101828 · Cited by 12
Martínez, Y. A., Guo, X., Portales‐Pérez, D. P., Rivera, G., Castañeda‐Delgado, J. E., García-Pérez, C. A., Enciso‐Moreno, J. A., & Lara-Ramirez, E. E. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246901 · Cited by 12
Peptide-Based Strategies Against SARS-CoV-2 Attack: An Updated In Silico Perspective
Moroy, G., & Tufféry, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Drug Discovery · doi:10.3389/fddsv.2022.899477 · Cited by 13
Harrington, P., Harrison, C. N., Dillon, R. J., Radia, D. H., Rezvani, K., Raj, K. K., Woodley, C., Curto‐García, N., O’Sullivan, J., Saunders, J. G., et al. (2021) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.17402 · Cited by 11
Nguyen, N. X., Richens, A. W., Sircy, L. M., Allard, D., Kolawole, E. M., Evavold, B. D., Bettini, M., & Hale, J. S. (2023) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2200638 · Cited by 11
Broad protection and respiratory immunity of dual mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Hajnik, R. L., Plante, J. A., Bonam, S. R., Rafael, G. H., Liang, Y., Hazell, N. C., Walker, J. L., Reyna, R. A., Walker, D. H., Alameh, M., et al. (2024) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-024-00957-2 · Cited by 11
Case Report: A Recovered SARS CoV-2 Patient Protected From Reinfection
Mahallawi, W. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.564264 · Cited by 11
Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2
Forthal, D. N. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.009 · Cited by 11
Does immune recognition of SARS-CoV2 epitopes vary between different ethnic groups?
Bose, T., Pant, N., Pinna, N. K., Bhar, S., Dutta, A., & Mande, S. S. (2021) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198579 · Cited by 11
Donzelli, S., Spinella, F., Domenico, E. G. D., Pontone, M., Cavallo, I., Orlandi, G., Iannazzo, S., Ricciuto, G. M., ISG Virology Covid Team, Pellini, R., et al. (2022) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.01.021 · Cited by 11
Kumar, S., Saxena, S. K., Maurya, V. K., & Tripathi, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.804808 · Cited by 12
Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
Hansen, L., Brokstad, K. A., Bansal, A., Zhou, F., Bredholt, G., Onyango, T. B., Sandnes, H. H., Elyanow, R., Madsen, A., Trieu, M.-C., et al. (2023) · Vaccine X · doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100262 · Cited by 12
Architecture of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire
Zornikova, K. V., Sheetikov, S. A., Rusinov, A. Y., Iskhakov, R. N., & Васильевна, Б. А. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070077 · Cited by 10
Wei, Y., Wang, R., Zhang, D., Chen, S.-H., Tan, Y., Zhang, W., Han, M., & Fei, G. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s420721 · Cited by 11
Corrao, S., Gervasi, F., Bernardo, F. D., Natoli, G., Raspanti, M., Catalano, N., & Argano, C. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10040849 · Cited by 11
Guerreiro, M., Aguilar-Gallardo, C., Montoro, J., Francés‐Gómez, C., Latorre, V., Luna, I., Planelles, D., Carrasco‐Benso, M. P., Gómez, M. D., Gonzalez‐Barberá, E. M., et al. (2021) · Transplant Infectious Disease · doi:10.1111/tid.13602 · Cited by 10
Khanolkar, A. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11010067 · Cited by 12
Limited Recognition of Highly Conserved Regions of SARS-CoV-2
Swaminathan, S., Lineburg, K. E., Ambalathingal, G. R., Crooks, P., Grant, E. J., Mohan, S. V., Raju, J., Panikkar, A., Texier, L. L., Tong, Z. W. M., et al. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02780-21 · Cited by 11
David, S., Dorado, G., Duarte, E. L., David-Bosne, S., Trigueiro-Louro, J. M., & Rebelo‐de‐Andrade, H. (2022) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-022-01261-w · Cited by 13
Olafsdottir, T. A., Bjarnadóttir, K., Norddahl, G. L., Halldorsson, G. H., Melsted, P., Gunnarsdóttir, K., Ivarsdottir, E. V., Ólafsdóttir, Þ., Arnthorsson, A. O., Theódórs, F., et al. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03893-w · Cited by 10
Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIVPreprint
Alrubayyi, A., Gea‐Mallorquí, E., Touizer, E., Hameiri‐Bowen, D., Kopycinski, J. T., Charlton, B. G., Fisher-Pearson, N., Muir, L., Rosa, A., Roustan, C., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-309746/v1 · Cited by 12
Self-citationCD47-amyloid-β-CD74 signaling triggers adaptive immunosuppression in sepsis
Feng, Z., Wang, L., Li, Y., Wei, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, X., Jiang, C., Liao, X., Kang, Y. M., et al. (2025) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-025-00442-4 · Cited by 11
Zeng, Y. C., Young, O. J., Xiong, Q., Si, L., Ku, M., Bernier, S. G., Dembele, H., Isinelli, G., Gilboa, T., Swank, Z., et al. (2026) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-026-01614-w · Cited by 29
Sripongpun, P., Pinpathomrat, N., Bruminhent, J., & Kaewdech, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.924454 · Cited by 10
Zhou, H., Leng, P., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Li, C., Ojcius, D. M., Wang, P., & Jiang, S. (2024) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.041 · Cited by 10
Merchant, M., Ashraf, J., Masood, K. I., Yameen, M., Hussain, R., Nasir, A., & Hasan, Z. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-76401-1 · Cited by 9
Samaan, P., Korosec, C. S., Budylowski, P., Chau, S., Pasculescu, A., Qi, F., Delgado-Brand, M., Tursun, T. R., Mailhot, G., Dayam, R. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01685-24 · Cited by 11
Chen, J.-L., Wang, B., Lu, Y., Antoun, E., Bird, O., Drennan, P. G., Yin, Z., Liu, G., Yao, X., Pidoux, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59370-5 · Cited by 11
Self-citationKikuchi-Fujimoto disease following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Ikeda, K., Kakehi, E., Adachi, S., & Kotani, K. (2022) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2022-250601 · Cited by 10
Chávez‐Calvillo, G., Burns, W., Garcia, L., Henry, G., Biancofiori, A., George, A., Duffy, C., Chu, J., Sides, M., Muñoz, M., et al. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14112584 · Cited by 10
Design and preclinical evaluation of a universal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Qin, J., Jeon, J. H., Xu, J., Langston, L. K., Marasini, R., Mou, S., Montoya, B., Melo‐Silva, C. R., Jeon, H. J., Zhu, T., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126392 · Cited by 11
Nowill, A. E., Caruso, M., & de Campos-Lima, P. O. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133225 · Cited by 10
Preclinical evaluation of PHH-1V vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates
Prenafeta, A., Bech-Sàbat, G., Moros, A., Barreiro, A., Fernández, A., Cañete, M., Roca, M., González‐González, L., Garriga, C., Confais, J., et al. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107224 · Cited by 9
van den Dijssel, J., Duurland, M. C., Konijn, V. A. L., Kummer, L. Y. L., Hagen, R. R., Kuijper, L. H., Wieske, L., van Dam, K. P. J., Stalman, E. W., Steenhuis, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103175 · Cited by 11
Sen, K., Datta, S., Ghosh, A., Jha, A., Ahad, A., Chatterjee, S., Suranjika, S., Sengupta, S., Bhattacharya, G., Shriwas, O., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.733539 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Peng, Y., Mentzer, A. J., Liu, G., Yao, X., Yin, Z., Dong, D., Dejnirattisai, W., Rostron, T., Supasa, P., Liu, C., López-Camacho, C., Slon-Campos, J., Zhao, Y., Stuart, D. I., Paesen, G. C., Grimes, J. M., Antson, A. A., Bayfield, O. W., Hawkins, D. E. D. P., Ker, D.-S., Wang, B., Turtle, L., Subramaniam, K., Thomson, P., Zhang, P., Dold, C., Ratcliff, J., Simmonds, P., de Silva, T., Sopp, P., Wellington, D., Rajapaksa, U., Chen, Y.-L., Salio, M., Napolitani, G., Paes, W., Borrow, P., Kessler, B. M., Fry, J. W., Schwabe, N. F., Semple, M. G., Baillie, J. K., Moore, S. C., Openshaw, P. J. M., Ansari, M. A., Dunachie, S., Barnes, E., Frater, J., Kerr, G., Goulder, P., Lockett, T., Levin, R., Zhang, Y., Jing, R., Ho, L.-P., Oxford Immunology Network Covid-19 Response T cell Consortium, Barnes, E., Dong, D., Dong, T., Dunachie, S., Frater, J., Goulder, P., Kerr, G., Klenerman, P., Liu, G., McMichael, A., Napolitani, G., Ogg, G., Peng, Y., Salio, M., Yao, X., Yin, Z., ISARIC4C Investigators, Kenneth Baillie, J., Klenerman, P., Mentzer, A. J., Moore, S. C., Openshaw, P. J. M., Semple, M. G., Stuart, D. I., Turtle, L., Cornall, R. J., Conlon, C. P., Klenerman, P., Screaton, G. R., Mongkolsapaya, J., McMichael, A., Knight, J. C., Ogg, G., & Dong, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- University of York (GB)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- ProImmune (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
- Worthing Hospital (GB)
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Siriraj Hospital (TH)
- ORCID
- Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa
- Supasa, Piyada
- Liu, Chang
- López-Camacho, César
- Slon-Campos, Jose
- Zhao, Yuguang
- Paesen, Guido C.
- Grimes, Jonathan M.
- Antson, Alfred A.
- Bayfield, Oliver W.
- Hawkins, Dorothy E. D. P.
- Ker, De-Sheng
- Wang, Beibei
- Subramaniam, Krishanthi
- Thomson, Paul
- Zhang, Ping
- Dold, Christina
- Ratcliff, Jeremy
- Simmonds, Peter
- de Silva, Thushan
- Wellington, Dannielle
- Rajapaksa, Ushani
- Chen, Yi-Ling
- Paes, Wayne
- Borrow, Persephone
- Kessler, Benedikt M.
- Fry, Jeremy W.
- Ansari, M. Azim
- Zhang, Yonghong
- Ho, Ling-Pei
- Cornall, Richard J.
- Screaton, Gavin R.
- Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip
- Knight, Julian C.
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2020-09-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1336-1345
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC7611020
- OpenAlex
- W3082438395
- Cited by
- 1,179
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 171 · 2022: 291 · 2021: 398 · 2020: 91
- FWCI
- 30.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC_PC_19059)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018-I2M-2-002)
- China Scholarship Council
- Wellcome Trust (205228/Z/16/Z, 110058/Z/15/Z, 215091/Z/18/Z, 095541/A/11/Z, award 206377 to AAA)
- DH | NIHR | Health Services Research Programme (NIHR200907, CO-CIN-01)
- University of Liverpool
- University of Oxford
- University of Edinburgh
- DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR200927 /WHRG_P82523, NIHR201385 / WHRR P84026, NIHR200907)
- Imperial College London (IS-BRC-1215-20013)
- Worthing Hospital
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
- National Institutes of Health, National Key R&D Program of China
- University of York
- ProImmune Ltd
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (MC_PC_19059)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, T cell memory, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, epitope mapping, immunodominant epitopes, spike protein, disease severity, convalescent patients, central memory T cells, effector memory T cells, antiviral immunity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
