The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Broad and strong memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and therapeutics will depend on understanding viral immunity. We studied T cell memory in 42 patients following recovery from COVID-19 (28 with mild disease and 14 with severe disease) and 16 unexposed donors, using interferon-γ-based assays with peptides spanning SARS-CoV-2 except ORF1. The breadth and magnitude of T cell responses were significantly higher in severe as compared with mild cases. Total and spike-specific T cell responses correlated with spike-specific antibody responses. We identified 41 peptides containing CD4+ and/or CD8+ epitopes, including six immunodominant regions. Six optimized CD8+ epitopes were defined, with peptide-MHC pentamer-positive cells displaying the central and effector memory phenotype. In mild cases, higher proportions of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells were observed. The identification of T cell responses associated with milder disease will support an understanding of protective immunity and highlights the potential of including non-spike proteins within future COVID-19 vaccine design.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide “megapools,” circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were identified in COVID-19 acute, mild and convalescent patients [110, 118-125].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [120]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“By contrast, VAERD has not usually occurred if a TH1 cell-biased CD4+ T cell response is elicited, reflected by increased levels of interferon-γ (IFNγ), IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)44–46,49.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“Robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory is induced after COVID-19,22,39, 40, 41 and multiple COVID-19 vaccines elicit CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.26,42, 43, 44, 45”
From Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals (2021) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“It should be noted that all plasma and sera tested completely inhibited entry at the lowest dilution tested and that T cell responses will contribute to control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in re-infected convalescent patients (Grifoni et al., 2020; Peng et al., 2020).”
From SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and P.1 escape from neutralizing antibodies (2021) · cites this paper as Peng et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“T cell responses are detected after almost all SARS-CoV-2 infections (Grifoni et al., 2020; Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020; Peng et al., 2020; Sekine et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Peng et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“In SARS-CoV-2 infections, the presence of virus-specific CD8+ T cells has been associated with better COVID-19 outcomes (Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020; Peng et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Peng et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Current evidence suggests an early, robust, and diverse T cell response directed against SARS-CoV-2 correlates with milder COVID-19 outcomes126,131,132”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
In the citing paper
“Severe COVID-19 has been associated with lower TCR diversity against SARS-CoV-2 epitopes131,132.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
In the citing paper
“For CD8+ T cells, there are reports of diminished CD8+ cytotoxicity and cytokine production in severe cases126,132, while others report the opposite141, and still others find no differences142.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246
Self-citationCryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K. S., Goldsmith, J. A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B. S., & McLellan, J. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2507 · Cited by 8,897
Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., Liu, S., Zhao, P., Liu, H., Zhu, L., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30076-x · Cited by 8,545
Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis
Fehr, A. R., & Perlman, S. M. (2015) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1 · Cited by 3,910
Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 · Cited by 3,595
High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa
Xu, H., Zhong, L., Deng, J., Peng, J., Dan, H., Zeng, X., Li, T., & Chen, Q. (2020) · International Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x · Cited by 2,838
Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19
Liao, M., Liu, Y., Yuan, J., Wen, Y., Xu, G., Zhao, J., Cheng, L., Li, J., Wang, X., Wang, F., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0901-9 · Cited by 2,614
Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Diao, B., Wang, C., Tan, Y., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Ning, L., Chen, L., Li, M., Liu, Y., Wang, G., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00827 · Cited by 2,475
Self-citationFolegatti, P. M., Ewer, K. J., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Bibi, S., Bittaye, M., Clutterbuck, E. A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31604-4 · Cited by 2,419
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Fehr, A. R. & Perlman, S. in Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology Vol. 1282 (eds Maier H., Bickerton E., Britton P.) 1–23 (Humana Press, 2015).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 1,000
Ogbe, A., Kronsteiner, B., Skelly, D., Pace, M. J., Brown, A., Adland, E., Adair, K., Akhter, H. D., Ali, M., Ali, S.-E., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21856-3 · Cited by 124
Self-citationRobust induction of B cell and T cell responses by a third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Liu, Y., Zeng, Q., Deng, C., Li, M., Li, L., Liu, D., Liu, M., Ruan, X., Mei, J., Mo, R., et al. (2022) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00373-7 · Cited by 123
Roukens, A. H. E., Pothast, C. R., König, M. H., Huisman, W., Dalebout, T. J., Tak, T., Azimi, S., Kruize, Y. C. M., Hagedoorn, R. S., Zlei, M., et al. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w · Cited by 131
Keller, M. D., Harris, K. M., Jensen-Wachspress, M. A., Kankate, V. V., Lang, H., Lazarski, C. A., Durkee-Shock, J. R., Lee, P., Chaudhry, K., Webber, K., et al. (2020) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2020008488 · Cited by 126
T cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID‐19
Luo, X., Zhu, Y., Mao, J., & Du, R. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.12989 · Cited by 127
Gangaev, A., Ketelaars, S. L. C., Isaeva, O. I., Patiwael, S., Dopler, A., Hoefakker, K., De Biasi, S., Gibellini, L., Mussini, C., Guaraldi, G., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22811-y · Cited by 111
Hajnik, R. L., Plante, J. A., Liang, Y., Alameh, M.-G., Tang, J., Bonam, S. R., Zhong, C., Adam, A., Scharton, D., Rafael, G. H., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abq1945 · Cited by 122
Waning immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern among vaccinees in Hong Kong
Peng, Q., Zhou, R., Wang, Y., Zhao, M., Liu, N., Li, S., Huang, H., Yang, D., Au, K., Wang, H., et al. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103904 · Cited by 122
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity Is Linked to Superior Humoral Immunity against the Spike
Guthmiller, J. J., Stovicek, O., Wang, J., Changrob, S., Li, L., Halfmann, P., Zheng, N., Utset, H. A., Stamper, C. T., Dugan, H. L., et al. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02940-20 · Cited by 116
He, L., Lin, X., Wang, Y., Abraham, C., Sou, C., Ngo, T., Zhang, Y., Wilson, I. A., & Zhu, J. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf1591 · Cited by 121
Self-citationDynamic blood single-cell immune responses in patients with COVID-19
Huang, L., Shi, Y., Gong, B., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Yang, J., He, Y., Jiang, Z., Zhong, L., et al. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00526-2 · Cited by 116
Prachař, M., Justesen, S. F. L., Steen-Jensen, D. B., Thorgrimsen, S., Jurgons, E., Winther, O., & Bagger, F. O. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77466-4 · Cited by 115
Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Implications on immune evasion and vaccine-induced immunity
Mengist, H. M., Kombe, A. J. K., Mekonnen, D. S., Abebaw, A., Getachew, M., & Jin, T. (2021) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2021.101533 · Cited by 115
Single-cell immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Tian, Y., Carpp, L. N., Miller, H. E. R., Zager, M. A., Newell, E. W., & Gottardo, R. (2021) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01131-y · Cited by 114
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic
Bertoletti, A., Bert, N. L., & Tan, A. T. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.008 · Cited by 118
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development: Current Status
Poland, G. A., Ovsyannikova, I. G., Crooke, S. N., & Kennedy, R. B. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.021 · Cited by 119
T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following natural infection and vaccination
DiPiazza, A. T., Graham, B. S., & Ruckwardt, T. J. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.060 · Cited by 109
Riou, C., Keeton, R., Moyo-Gwete, T., Hermanus, T., Kgagudi, P., Baguma, R., Valley‐Omar, Z., Smith, M., Tegally, H., Doolabh, D., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abj6824 · Cited by 104
Alfego, D., Sullivan, A., Poirier, B., Williams, J., Grover, A., Gillim, L., Adcock, D. M., & Letovsky, S. I. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100902 · Cited by 104
Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors
Zsichla, L., & Müller, V. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15010175 · Cited by 121
Jordan, S. C. (2021) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.13582 · Cited by 113
Dual Nature of Type I Interferons in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Inflammation
King, C., & Sprent, J. (2021) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2021.02.003 · Cited by 104
Peptides for Vaccine Development
Hamley, I. W. (2022) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.1c01238 · Cited by 104
Immunoinformatic identification of B cell and T cell epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 proteome
Crooke, S. N., Ovsyannikova, I. G., Kennedy, R. B., & Poland, G. A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70864-8 · Cited by 104
Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV
Alrubayyi, A., Gea‐Mallorquí, E., Touizer, E., Hameiri‐Bowen, D., Kopycinski, J. T., Charlton, B. G., Fisher-Pearson, N., Muir, L., Rosa, A., Roustan, C., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26137-7 · Cited by 107
Self-citationThe immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccines
Grigoryan, L., & Pulendran, B. (2020) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2020.101422 · Cited by 102
Development of a multi-antigenic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate using a synthetic poxvirus platform
Chiuppesi, F., Salazar, M. D., Contreras, H., Nguyen, V. H., Martinez, J., Park, Y., Nguyen, J., Kha, M., Iniguez, A., Zhou, Q., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19819-1 · Cited by 102
Zhu, F., Jin, P., Zhu, T., Wang, W., Ye, H., Pan, H., Hou, L., Li, J., Wang, X., Wu, S., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab845 · Cited by 102
Immunological imprint of COVID‐19 on human peripheral blood leukocyte populations
Kratzer, B., Trapin, D., Ettel, P., Körmöczi, U., Rottal, A., Tuppy, F., Feichter, M., Gattinger, P., Borochova, K., Dorofeeva, Y., et al. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14647 · Cited by 99
SARS coronavirus 2: from genome to infectome
Rastogi, M., Pandey, N., Shukla, A., & Singh, S. K. (2020) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-020-01581-z · Cited by 107
Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19
Nouailles, G., Wyler, E., Pennitz, P., Postmus, D., Vladimirova, D., Kazmierski, J., Pott, F., Dietert, K., Mülleder, M., Farztdinov, V. M., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25030-7 · Cited by 90
DiPiazza, A. T., Leist, S. R., Abiona, O. M., Moliva, J. I., Werner, A. P., Minai, M., Nagata, B. M., Bock, K. W., Phung, E., Schäfer, A., et al. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.018 · Cited by 92
Lin, S., Kennedy, N. A., Saifuddin, A., Sandoval, D. M., Reynolds, C. J., Seoane, R. C., Kottoor, S. H., Pieper, F. P., Lin, K., Butler, D. K., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28517-z · Cited by 103
Asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections elicit polyfunctional antibodies
Dufloo, J., Grzelak, L., Staropoli, I., Madec, Y., Tondeur, L., Anna, F., Pelleau, S., Wiedemann, A., Planchais, C., Buchrieser, J., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100275 · Cited by 89
Zheng, H., Li, H., Guo, L., Liang, Y., Li, J., Wang, X., Hu, Y., Wang, L., Liao, Y., Yang, F., et al. (2020) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008949 · Cited by 94
Self-citationPrakash, S., Srivastava, R., Coulon, P.-G. A., Dhanushkodi, N. R., Chentoufi, A. A., Tifrea, D. F., Edwards, R. A., Figueroa, C. J., Schubl, S. D., Hsieh, L. L., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2001438 · Cited by 91
COVID-19 Antibody Tests: A Valuable Public Health Tool with Limited Relevance to Individuals
West, R., Kobokovich, A. L., Connell, N. D., & Grönvall, G. K. (2020) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2020.11.002 · Cited by 94
Impaired function and delayed regeneration of dendritic cells in COVID-19
Winheim, E., Rinke, L., Lutz, K., Reischer, A., Leutbecher, A., Wolfram, L., Rausch, L., Kranich, J., Wratil, P. R., Huber, J. E., et al. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009742 · Cited by 89
The impact of viral mutations on recognition by SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells
de Silva, T. I., Liu, G., Lindsey, B. B., Dong, D., Moore, S. C., Hsu, S. N., Shah, D. R., Wellington, D., Mentzer, A. J., Angyal, A., et al. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103353 · Cited by 90
Self-citationT cell reactivity to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is preserved in most but not all individuals
Naranbhai, V., Nathan, A., Kaseke, C., Berrios, C., Khatri, A., Choi, S., Getz, M. A., Tano-Menka, R., Ofoman, O., Gayton, A., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.022 · Cited by 88
Guo, L., Lin, S., Chen, Z., Cao, Y., He, B., & Lu, G. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01472-x · Cited by 90
Francis, J. M., Leistritz-Edwards, D., Dunn, A., Tarr, C., Lehman, J. W., Dempsey, C., Hamel, A., Rayon-Estrada, V., Liu, G., Wang, Y., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abk3070 · Cited by 90
Self-citationImmunology, immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics of COVID-19; an overview
Khosroshahi, L. M., Rokni, M., Mokhtari, T., & Noorbakhsh, F. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107364 · Cited by 90
Structure-guided T cell vaccine design for SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses
Nathan, A., Rossin, E. J., Kaseke, C., Park, R. J.-H., Khatri, A., Koundakjian, D., Urbach, J. M., Singh, N. K., Bashirova, A. A., Tano-Menka, R., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.029 · Cited by 84
Arieta, C. M., Xie, Y. J., Rothenberg, D., Diao, H., Harjanto, D., Meda, S., Marquart, K., Koenitzer, B., Sciuto, T. E., Lobo, A., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.007 · Cited by 88
Anand, U., Jakhmola, S., Indari, O., Jha, H. C., Chen, Z., Tripathi, V. S., & de la Lastra, J. M. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.658519 · Cited by 84
Why Does the Severity of COVID-19 Differ With Age?
Zimmermann, P., & Curtis, N. C. (2021) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003413 · Cited by 89
An Effective COVID-19 Vaccine Needs to Engage T Cells
Sauer, K., & Harris, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.581807 · Cited by 85
Rabaan, A. A., Al-Ahmed, S. H., Garout, M. A., Al‐Qaaneh, A. M., Sule, A. A., Tirupathi, R., Mutair, A. S. A., Alhumaid, S., Hasan, A., Dhawan, M. K., et al. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10050565 · Cited by 84
Varghese, P. M., Tsolaki, A. G., Yasmin, H., Shastri, A., Ferluga, J., Vatish, M., Madan, T., & Kishore, U. (2020) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152008 · Cited by 83
Hellerstein, M. K. (2020) · Vaccine X · doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2020.100076 · Cited by 82
Wu, Y., Huang, X., Yuan, L., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Xiong, H., Chen, R., Ma, J., Qi, R., Nie, M., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abg1143 · Cited by 82
Self-citationJordan, S. C., Shin, B., Gadsden, T. M., Chu, M., Petrosyan, A., Le, C. N., Zabner, R., Oft, J. R., Pedraza, I., Cheng, S. C., et al. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-021-00767-9 · Cited by 83
T cells in COVID-19 — united in diversity
Swadling, L., & Maini, M. K. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0798-y · Cited by 77
Jiang, X.-L., Wang, G.-L., Zhao, X.-N., Yan, F.-H., Lin, Y., Kou, Z.-Q., Ji, S.-X., Zhang, X.-L., Li, C.-B., Duan, L., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21155-x · Cited by 77
Self-citationHalawa, S., Pullamsetti, S. S., Bangham, C. R. M., Stenmark, K. R., Dorfmüller, P., Frid, M. G., BUTROUS, G. S., Morrell, N. W., Pérez, V. D. J., Stuart, D. I., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00640-2 · Cited by 84
Self-citationImmunity to SARS-CoV-2 up to 15 months after infection
Marcotte, H., Piralla, A., Zuo, F., Du, L., Cassaniti, I., Wan, H., Kumagai‐Braesch, M., Andréll, J., Percivalle, E., Sammartino, J. C., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.103743 · Cited by 83
Healthy donor T cell responses to common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2
Woldemeskel, B. A., Kwaa, A. K., Garliss, C. C., Laeyendecker, O., Ray, S. C., & Blankson, J. N. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci143120 · Cited by 78
The potential role of neopterin in Covid-19: a new perspective
Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Alzahrani, K. J., Martins, N. A., & Batiha, G. E. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-021-04232-z · Cited by 77
Koerber, N., Priller, A., Yazici, S., Bauer, T., Cheng, C., Mijočević, H., Wintersteller, H., Jeske, S. D., Vogel, E., Feuerherd, M., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27649-y · Cited by 75
Niessl, J., Sekine, T., & Buggert, M. (2021) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2021.101505 · Cited by 77
In silico T cell epitope identification for SARS-CoV-2: Progress and perspectives
Sohail, M. S., Ahmed, S. F., Quadeer, A. A., & McKay, M. R. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.007 · Cited by 76
Parker, R., Partridge, T., Wormald, C., Kawahara, R., Stalls, V., Aggelakopoulou, M., Parker, J., Doherty, R. P., Ariosa-Morejon, Y., Lee, E., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109179 · Cited by 75
Self-citationBreakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination: Insights, perspectives and challenges
Amanatidou, E., Gkiouliava, A., Pella, E., Serafidi, M., Tsilingiris, D., Vallianou, N. G., Karampela, Ι., & Dalamaga, Μ. (2022) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2022.100180 · Cited by 78
A self-assembled trimeric protein vaccine induces protective immunity against Omicron variant
He, C., Yang, J., Hong, W., Chen, Z., Peng, D., Hong, L., Alu, A., He, X., Bi, Z., Jiang, X., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33209-9 · Cited by 75
Gittelman, R. M., Lavezzo, E., Snyder, T. M., Zahid, H. J., Carty, C. L., Elyanow, R., Dalai, S. C., Kirsch, I. R., Baldo, L., Manuto, L., et al. (2022) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.151849 · Cited by 78
A haemagglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2
Townsend, A., Rijal, P., Xiao, J. H., Tan, T. K., Huang, K.-Y. A., Schimanski, L. M., Huo, J., Gupta, N., Rahikainen, R., Matthews, P. C., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22045-y · Cited by 69
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 elicits robust adaptive immune responses regardless of disease severity
Nielsen, S. S. F., Vibholm, L. K., Monrad, I., Olesen, R., Frattari, G. S., Pahus, M. H., Højen, J. F., Gunst, J. D., Erikstrup, C., Holleufer, A., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103410 · Cited by 76
Jaganathan, S., Stieber, F., Rao, S. N., Nikolayevskyy, V., Manissero, D., Allen, N. P. C., Boyle, J., & Howard, J. (2021) · Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40121-021-00521-8 · Cited by 74
Functional SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4 + T cells established in early childhood decline with age
Humbert, M., Olofsson, A., Wullimann, D., Niessl, J., Hodcroft, E. B., Cai, C., Gao, Y., Sohlberg, E., Dyrdak, R., Mikaeloff, F., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2220320120 · Cited by 76
Bertoletti, A., Tan, A. T., & Bert, N. L. (2021) · Oxford Open Immunology · doi:10.1093/oxfimm/iqab006 · Cited by 69
Quadeer, A. A., Ahmed, S. F., & McKay, M. R. (2021) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100312 · Cited by 71
Lin, Y., Wang, G., Shen, Y., Wang, Z.-Y., Zhan, B.-D., Duan, L., Lu, B., Shi, C., Gao, Y., Peng, H.-H., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab255 · Cited by 69
Alexander, J. L., Liu, Z., Sandoval, D. M., Reynolds, C. J., Ibraheim, H., Anandabaskaran, S., Saifuddin, A., Seoane, R. C., Anand, N., Nice, R., et al. (2022) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00274-6 · Cited by 72
Sermet‐Gaudelus, I., Temmam, S., Huon, C., Behillil, S., Gajdos, V., Bigot, T., Lurier, T., Chrétien, D., Backović, M., Delaunay, A., et al. (2021) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.13.2001782 · Cited by 70
Zhang, H., Deng, S., Ren, L., Zheng, P., Hu, X., Jin, T., & Tan, X. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109708 · Cited by 69
Ahn, J. Y., Lee, J., Suh, Y. S., Song, Y. G., Choi, Y.-J., Lee, K. H., Seo, S. H., Song, M., Oh, J., Kim, M., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00358-x · Cited by 67
Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults
Kared, H., Wolf, A., Alirezaylavasani, A., Ravussin, A., Solum, G., Tran, T. T., Lund‐Johansen, F., Vaage, J. T., Nissen‐Meyer, L. S. H., Nygaard, U. C., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31888-y · Cited by 65
Wang, Z., Cui, K., Costabel, U., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20210082 · Cited by 68
T-cell dysregulation in COVID-19
Kalfaoglu, B., Almeida‐Santos, J., Tye, C. A., Satou, Y., & Ono, M. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.079 · Cited by 65
Staquicini, D. I., Tang, F. H. F., Markosian, C., Yao, V. J., Staquicini, F. I., Dodero‐Rojas, E., Contessoto, V. G., Davis, D., O’Brien, P., Habib, N., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2105739118 · Cited by 69
Defending against SARS-CoV-2: The T cell perspective
Almendro-Vázquez, P., Laguna‐Goya, R., & Paz‐Artal, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107803 · Cited by 67
Landscape and selection of vaccine epitopes in SARS-CoV-2
Smith, C. C., Olsen, K. S., Gentry, K. M., Sambade, M. J., Beck, W. A., Garness, J. A., Entwistle, S., Willis, C., Vensko, S. P., II, Woods, A., et al. (2021) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-021-00910-1 · Cited by 62
Elrashdy, F., Redwan, E. M. M. M., & Uversky, V. N. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10091312 · Cited by 64
CD4+ T Cells: Multitasking Cells in the Duty of Cancer Immunotherapy
Richardson, J. R., Schöllhorn, A., Gouttefangeas, C., & Schuhmacher, J. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13040596 · Cited by 66
Establishment and recall of SARS-CoV-2 spike epitope-specific CD4+ T cell memory
Wragg, K. M., Lee, W. S., Koutsakos, M., Tan, H., Amarasena, T. H., Reynaldi, A., Gare, G., Konstandopoulos, P., Field, K. R., Esterbauer, R., et al. (2022) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-022-01175-5 · Cited by 68
Li, Z., Xiang, T., Liang, B., Deng, H., Wang, H., Feng, X., Quan, X., Wang, X., Li, S., Lu, S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3914631 · Cited by 66
Self-citationImmunosenescence and inflamm-ageing in COVID-19
Zinatizadeh, M. R., Zarandi, P. K., Ghiasi, M., Kooshki, H., Mohammadi, M., Amani, J., & Rezaei, N. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101818 · Cited by 69
Chiuppesi, F., Nguyen, V. H., Park, Y., Contreras, H., Karpinski, V., Faircloth, K., Nguyen, J., Kha, M., Johnson, D., Martinez, J., et al. (2022) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-022-00436-6 · Cited by 61
Harrington, P., Doores, K. J., Radia, D. H., O’Reilly, A., Lam, H. P. J., Seow, J., Graham, C., Lechmere, T., McLornan, D. P., Dillon, R. J., et al. (2021) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.17568 · Cited by 62
A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development
Abdulla, Z. A., Al-Bashir, S. M., Al-Salih, N. S., Aldamen, A. A., & Abdulazeez, M. Z. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10070788 · Cited by 60
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review
Silva, M. J. A., Ribeiro, L. R., Lima, K. V. B., & Lima, L. N. G. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001198 · Cited by 67
Mazzoni, A., Maggi, L., Capone, M., Spinicci, M., Salvati, L., Colao, M. G., Vanni, A., Kiros, S. T., Mencarini, J., Zammarchi, L., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202048915 · Cited by 61
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Spike T-Cell Epitopes for Assessing T-Cell Immunity
Lee, E., Sandgren, K. J., Duette, G., Stylianou, V. V., Khanna, R., Eden, J., Blyth, E., Gottlieb, D. J., Cunningham, A. L., & Palmer, S. (2020) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02002-20 · Cited by 62
Durability of Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses
Siggins, M. K., Thwaites, R. S., & Openshaw, P. (2021) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.016 · Cited by 61
Self-citationAlmendro-Vázquez, P., Laguna‐Goya, R., Ruiz‐Ruigómez, M., Utrero‐Rico, A., Lalueza, A., de la Calle, G. M., Delgado, P., Ordoño, L. P., Muro, E., Vila, J. J., et al. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010211 · Cited by 60
Wagstaffe, H. R., Thwaites, R. S., Reynaldi, A., Sidhu, J. K., McKendry, R., Ascough, S., Papargyris, L., Collins, A. M., Xu, J., Lemm, N., et al. (2024) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adj9285 · Cited by 62
Self-citationPotential SARS-CoV-2 Immune Correlates of Protection in Infection and Vaccine Immunization
Sui, Y., Bekele, Y., & Berzofsky, J. A. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10020138 · Cited by 57
Long-Lasting T Cell Responses in BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccinees and COVID-19 Convalescent Patients
Hurme, A., Jalkanen, P., Heroum, J., Liedes, O., Vara, S., Melin, M. M., Teräsjärvi, J. T., He, Q., Pöysti, S., Hänninen, A. L. M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.869990 · Cited by 60
Development and preclinical evaluation of virus‐like particle vaccine against COVID‐19 infection
Yilmaz, I. C., İpekoğlu, E. M., Bulbul, A., Turay, N., Yıldırım, M., Evcili, İ., Yilmaz, N. S., Guvencli, N., Aydin, Y., Gungor, B., et al. (2021) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15091 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- Peng, Y., Mentzer, A. J., Liu, G., Yao, X., Yin, Z., Dong, D., Dejnirattisai, W., Rostron, T., Supasa, P., Liu, C., López-Camacho, C., Slon-Campos, J., Zhao, Y., Stuart, D. I., Paesen, G. C., Grimes, J. M., Antson, A. A., Bayfield, O. W., Hawkins, D. E. D. P., Ker, D.-S., Wang, B., Turtle, L., Subramaniam, K., Thomson, P., Zhang, P., Dold, C., Ratcliff, J., Simmonds, P., de Silva, T., Sopp, P., Wellington, D., Rajapaksa, U., Chen, Y.-L., Salio, M., Napolitani, G., Paes, W., Borrow, P., Kessler, B. M., Fry, J. W., Schwabe, N. F., Semple, M. G., Baillie, J. K., Moore, S. C., Openshaw, P. J. M., Ansari, M. A., Dunachie, S., Barnes, E., Frater, J., Kerr, G., Goulder, P., Lockett, T., Levin, R., Zhang, Y., Jing, R., Ho, L.-P., Oxford Immunology Network Covid-19 Response T cell Consortium, Barnes, E., Dong, D., Dong, T., Dunachie, S., Frater, J., Goulder, P., Kerr, G., Klenerman, P., Liu, G., McMichael, A., Napolitani, G., Ogg, G., Peng, Y., Salio, M., Yao, X., Yin, Z., ISARIC4C Investigators, Kenneth Baillie, J., Klenerman, P., Mentzer, A. J., Moore, S. C., Openshaw, P. J. M., Semple, M. G., Stuart, D. I., Turtle, L., Cornall, R. J., Conlon, C. P., Klenerman, P., Screaton, G. R., Mongkolsapaya, J., McMichael, A., Knight, J. C., Ogg, G., & Dong, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- University of York (GB)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- ProImmune (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
- Worthing Hospital (GB)
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Siriraj Hospital (TH)
- ORCID
- Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa
- Supasa, Piyada
- Liu, Chang
- López-Camacho, César
- Slon-Campos, Jose
- Zhao, Yuguang
- Paesen, Guido C.
- Grimes, Jonathan M.
- Antson, Alfred A.
- Bayfield, Oliver W.
- Hawkins, Dorothy E. D. P.
- Ker, De-Sheng
- Wang, Beibei
- Subramaniam, Krishanthi
- Thomson, Paul
- Zhang, Ping
- Dold, Christina
- Ratcliff, Jeremy
- Simmonds, Peter
- de Silva, Thushan
- Wellington, Dannielle
- Rajapaksa, Ushani
- Chen, Yi-Ling
- Paes, Wayne
- Borrow, Persephone
- Kessler, Benedikt M.
- Fry, Jeremy W.
- Ansari, M. Azim
- Zhang, Yonghong
- Ho, Ling-Pei
- Cornall, Richard J.
- Screaton, Gavin R.
- Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip
- Knight, Julian C.
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2020-09-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1336-1345
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC7611020
- OpenAlex
- W3082438395
- Cited by
- 1,179
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 171 · 2022: 291 · 2021: 398 · 2020: 91
- FWCI
- 30.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC_PC_19059)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018-I2M-2-002)
- China Scholarship Council
- Wellcome Trust (205228/Z/16/Z, 110058/Z/15/Z, 215091/Z/18/Z, 095541/A/11/Z, award 206377 to AAA)
- DH | NIHR | Health Services Research Programme (NIHR200907, CO-CIN-01)
- University of Liverpool
- University of Oxford
- University of Edinburgh
- DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR200927 /WHRG_P82523, NIHR201385 / WHRR P84026, NIHR200907)
- Imperial College London (IS-BRC-1215-20013)
- Worthing Hospital
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
- National Institutes of Health, National Key R&D Program of China
- University of York
- ProImmune Ltd
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (MC_PC_19059)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, T cell memory, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, epitope mapping, immunodominant epitopes, spike protein, disease severity, convalescent patients, central memory T cells, effector memory T cells, antiviral immunity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
