Response inhibition on the stop signal task improves during cardiac contraction
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Abstract
Motor actions can be facilitated or hindered by psychophysiological states of readiness, to guide rapid adaptive action. Cardiovascular arousal is communicated by cardiac signals conveying the timing and strength of individual heartbeats. Here, we tested how these interoceptive signals facilitate control of motor impulsivity. Participants performed a stop signal task, in which stop cues were delivered at different time points within the cardiac cycle: at systole when the heart contracts (T-wave peak, approximately 300 ms following the R-wave), or at diastole between heartbeats (R-wave peak). Response inhibition was better at systole, indexed by a shorter stop signal reaction time (SSRT), and longer stop signal delay (SSD). Furthermore, parasympathetic control of cardiovascular tone, and subjective sensitivity to interoceptive states, predicted response inhibition efficiency, although these cardiovascular and interoceptive correlations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. This suggests that response inhibition capacity is influenced by interoceptive physiological cues, such that people are more likely to express impulsive actions during putative states of lower cardiovascular arousal, when frequency and strength of cardiac afferent signalling is reduced.
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Response inhibition may be influenced by interoception.
“RI may be influenced by interoception (Rae et al., 2018; Ren et al., 2022), which is defined as ‘the sensation and perception of the internal state and the body’ (Feldman et al., 2024).”
From Differences in response inhibition between medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without sensory phenomena (2026) · cites this paper as Rae et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Rae, C. L., Botan, V. E., Gould van Praag, C. D., Herman, A. M., Nyyssönen, J. A. K., Watson, D. R., Duka, T., Garfinkel, S. N., & Critchley, H. D.
- Affiliations
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School (GB)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rae, Charlotte L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-06-14
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9136-9136
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6002409
- OpenAlex
- W2806024308
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Keywords
- response inhibition, stop-signal task, cardiac cycle, systole, diastole, cardiovascular arousal, interoception, impulsivity, parasympathetic modulation, stop-signal reaction time, stop-signal delay
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Arousal, Diastole, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Systole
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