Encephalitis and aseptic meningitis: short-term and long-term outcome, quality of life and neuropsychological functioning
Open accessAbstract
For those surviving encephalitis, the influence on daily life of patients and their relatives may be substantial. In contrast, the prognosis after aseptic meningitis (ASM) is considered good. In this prospective study in patients with encephalitis (n = 20) and ASM (n = 46), we show that both groups experienced reduced Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) at two months after discharge, and that workability was reduced in 37% of the patients with ASM. However, 12 months after discharge no neuropsychological deficits were detected in the ASM group, whereas patients with encephalitis had lower scores on tests of fine motor and psychomotor skills as well as on learning and memory. We also found that for patients with encephalitis, neopterin, as a marker of Th1 cell induced macrophage activation, and a putatively neurotoxic ratio of the kynurenine pathway (KP) measured during the acute phase was associated with lower HRQoL. Our data show that not only encephalitis, but also ASM has substantial short-term influence on HRQoL and workability. For patients with encephalitis we suggest a link between immune activation and activation of the KP during the acute phase with impaired HRQoL.
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Short-term outcome after viral meningitis was frequently unfavourable but improved during extended follow up.
“In agreement with most previous studies, we observed that short-term outcome after viral meningitis was frequently unfavourable but improved during extended follow up.6,21,22”
From Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with viral meningitis. (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
The Results (Short-term outcome; page unavailable) report daily symptoms in 63% of patients with aseptic meningitis at about two months. The Discussion describes their long-term prognosis as good, but the 12-month assessment measured neuropsychological function rather than repeating the short-term outcome measures. The paper therefore does not directly show that those outcomes improved over follow-up. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLongitudinal studies in aseptic meningitis did not report a significant morbidity in the long term.
“Longitudinal studies in AM did not report a significant morbidity in the long term [24, 100, 101].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [100]
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- Authors
- Quist-Paulsen, E., Ormaasen, V., Kran, A.-M. B., Dunlop, O., Ueland, P. M., Ueland, T., Eikeland, R., Aukrust, P., & Nordenmark, T. H.
- Affiliations
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Bevital (Norway) (NO)
- Sørlandet Sykehus (NO)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-11-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16158-16158
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6834582
- OpenAlex
- W2988061537
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, health-related quality of life, neuropsychological outcomes, workability, kynurenine pathway, neopterin, Th1 cell activation, macrophage activation, learning and memory impairment, prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Brain Damage, Chronic, Encephalitis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Kynurenine, Learning Disabilities, Macrophage Activation, Male, Memory Disorders, Meningitis, Aseptic, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance, Quality of Life, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Survivors, Th1 Cells, Neopterin
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