MTH1 and OGG1 maintain a low level of 8-oxoguanine in Alzheimer’s brain, and prevent the progression of Alzheimer’s pathogenesis
Open accessAbstract
8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a major oxidative base lesion, is highly accumulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains during the pathogenic process. MTH1 hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP, thereby avoiding 8-oxo-dG incorporation into DNA. 8-OxoG DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) excises 8-oxoG paired with cytosine in DNA, thereby minimizing 8-oxoG accumulation in DNA. Levels of MTH1 and OGG1 are significantly reduced in the brains of sporadic AD cases. To understand how 8-oxoG accumulation in the genome is involved in AD pathogenesis, we established an AD mouse model with knockout of Mth1 and Ogg1 genes in a 3xTg-AD background. MTH1 and OGG1 deficiency increased 8-oxoG accumulation in nuclear and, to a lesser extent, mitochondrial genomes, causing microglial activation and neuronal loss with impaired cognitive function at 4-5 months of age. Furthermore, minocycline, which inhibits microglial activation and reduces neuroinflammation, markedly decreased the nuclear accumulation of 8-oxoG in microglia, and inhibited microgliosis and neuronal loss. Gene expression profiling revealed that MTH1 and OGG1 efficiently suppress progression of AD by inducing various protective genes against AD pathogenesis initiated by Aß/Tau accumulation in 3xTg-AD brain. Our findings indicate that efficient suppression of 8-oxoG accumulation in brain genomes is a new approach for prevention and treatment of AD.
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In a 3xTg-AD mouse model, MTH1 and OGG1 deficiency increased 8-oxoG accumulation in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, causing microglial activation and neuronal loss with impaired cognitive function at 4-5 months of age.
“They demonstrated that MTH1 and OGG1 deficiency increased 8-oxoG accumulation in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, causing microglial activation and neuronal loss with impaired cognitive function at 4–5 months of age.”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [125]
OGG1 excises 8-oxoG paired with cytosine in DNA, minimizing 8-oxoG accumulation in DNA.
“8-OxoG DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) excises 8-oxoG paired with cytosine in DNA, minimizing 8-oxoG accumulation in DNA [125].”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [125]
Gene expression profiling revealed that MTH1 and OGG1 suppress progression of AD by inducing various protective genes in 3xTg-AD brain.
“Further, gene expression profiling revealed that MTH1 and OGG1 efficiently suppress progression of AD by inducing various protective genes in 3xTg-AD brain.”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [125]
MTH1 hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP, preventing incorporation of 8-oxo-dG into DNA.
“MTH1 hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP to its corresponding monophosphates, 8-oxo-dGMP, avoiding 8-oxo-dG incorporation into DNA.”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [125]
In the same 3xTg-AD model, minocycline decreased nuclear accumulation of 8-oxoG in microglial cells and inhibited microgliosis and neuronal loss.
“The use of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation and neuroinflammation, in this model decreased the nuclear accumulation of 8-oxoG in microglial cells, and inhibited microgliosis and neuronal loss.”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [125]
Potential suppression of 8-oxoG accumulation in brain genomes could be a new approach for prevention and treatment of AD.
“These results highlighted that the potential suppression of 8-oxoG accumulation in brain genomes could be a new approach for the prevention and treatment of AD [125].”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [125]
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- Authors
- Oka, S., Leon, J., Sakumi, K., Abolhassani, N., Sheng, Z., Tsuchimoto, D., LaFerla, F. M., & Nakabeppu, Y.
- Affiliations
- Kyushu University (JP)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nakabeppu, Yusaku
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2021-03-23
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5819-5819
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7988129
- OpenAlex
- W3138436172
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 4.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kyushu University Institutional Repository (QIR) (Kyushu University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22221004, 17H01391)
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (H20-ninchisho-ippan-004)
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, 8-oxoguanine, MTH1, OGG1, oxidative DNA damage, DNA glycosylase, 3xTg-AD mice, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, cognitive impairment, minocycline, amyloid-beta, tau protein, mitochondrial DNA
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Guanine, Humans, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases, Microglia, Mice, Knockout, Oxidative Stress, Disease Progression, Gene Expression Profiling, DNA Glycosylases, Mice
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