Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) treatment in T2D may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits observed with GLP-1 RAs in outcome studies. We investigated if the GLP-1 RA liraglutide exerts anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). From 54 participants of a double-blinded trial where individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized to liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) or placebo for 26 weeks, a sub-study was performed in which PBMCs were extracted from fresh blood at study start and at end-of-treatment. The expression of selected inflammatory genes in PBMCs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, the expression of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) was examined in a subset (n = 40) of the PBMC samples. The human monocytic cell line THP-1 was used for in vitro GLP-1 exposure experiments. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) (p = 0.004) and interleukin-1β (IL1B) was downregulated (p = 0.046) in the liraglutide-treated group (n = 31), and unchanged in the placebo group (n = 21, p ≥ 0.11), with no significant differences between the two groups (p ≥ 0.67). The expression of interferon-γ (IFNG) and cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) were upregulated in both groups (p ≤ 0.006) with no differences between groups (p ≥ 0.47). C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) was upregulated in the liraglutide-treated group (p = 0.002) and unchanged in the placebo group (p = 0.14), with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.36). Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) was unchanged in both groups (p ≥ 0.43). GLP1R expression in the PBMCs was undetectable. In vitro experiments showed no effect of GLP-1 treatment on inflammatory gene expression in THP-1 cells. GLP1R expression in THP-1 cells was not detectable. In summary, we observed a discrete modulatory effect of liraglutide on the expression of inflammatory genes in PBMCs. The lack of evidence for GLP1R expression in PBMCs and THP-1 cells suggests that possible effects of liraglutide on the PBMCs' gene expression are most likely indirect. Further investigations are needed to establish the anti-inflammatory potential of GLP-1 RAs.
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GLP-1RAs have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
“GLP-1RAs have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties”
From The cardioprotective effects of semaglutide exceed those of dietary weight loss in mice with HFpEF (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
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Metabolic resilience: liraglutide’s potential in alleviating depressive symptoms
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- Authors
- Zobel, E. H., Ripa, R. S., von Scholten, B. J., Rotbain Curovic, V., Kjaer, A., Hansen, T. W., Rossing, P., & Størling, J.
- Affiliations
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Zobel, Emilie H.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2021-09-17
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18522-18522
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8448739
- OpenAlex
- W3200195576
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 6.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC 3.A Complications)
- Novo Nordisk
- Rigshospitalet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- liraglutide, type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists, anti-inflammatory activity, inflammatory gene expression, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, TNF-α, IL-1β, interferon-gamma, CD163, RANTES, ICAM-1, THP-1 cells
- MeSH terms
- Liraglutide, THP-1 Cells, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged
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