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The Problem of Consciousness
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“One of the most surprising results to emerge from these studies was that attention and awareness tended to be associated, not with neural firing per se or the anatomical site of neural firing, but with the synchronicity of firing of multiple neurons (Gray et al., 1989; Crick and Koch, 1992; Crick, 1994).”
From Consciousness: Matter or EMF? (2023) · cites this paper as Crick and Koch, 1992
In the citing paper
“This shift from the matter of the brain to EM fields generated by neuron firing also made sense of the discovery that synchronously-firing neurons are the best established neural correlate of consciousness (NCC) [11,12].”
From The electromagnetic will (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
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“This idea has been extended by Crick and Koch (1990,1992), who postulated that synchronized and oscillatory firing activity in a subset of cortical neurons constitutes the neuronal correlate of visual attention and aware- ness.”
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“One of the most surprising results to emerge from these studies was that attention and awareness tended to be associated, not with neural firing per se or the anatomical site of neural firing, but with the synchronicity of firing of multiple neurons (Gray et al., 1989; Crick and Koch, 1992; Crick, 1994).”
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“This shift from the matter of the brain to EM fields generated by neuron firing also made sense of the discovery that synchronously-firing neurons are the best established neural correlate of consciousness (NCC) [11,12].”
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“This process of conscious awareness, when information reaches the conscious threshold, is specifically represented by EEG changes, especially changes in the γ range (Gray and Singer, 1989; Gray et al., 1989; Crick and Koch, 1992; Doesburg et al., 2005).”
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“With respect to visual awareness, the available evidence shows that singular object features such as color, shape, texture, size, brightness, etc. produce activity, at least to some degree, in separate areas of the visual cortex (Bressler & Kelso, 2001; Crick & Koch, 1992; Singer, 2001).”
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“Adapted from Jackson and Csikszentmihalyi (1999, p. 37)..............................................................16 Figure 2.2. The eight-channel flow model. Adapted from Massimini and Carli (1988).....................................................................................................18 Figure 2.3. Ma…”
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“There has been much recent interest in establishing criteria for identifying sites of visual awareness (Churchland and Churchland 1997; Crick and Koch 1992), but a set of criteria useful for the practicing neurobiologist has not yet emerged.”
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“Crick and Koch (1990,1992) have suggested consciousness is associated with neuron populations associated by phase coherence in the 40 Hz range, ISSN 1303 5150 www.neuroquantology.com where there is evidence of attention-related change.”
BackgroundWhat Are the Neuronal Correlates of Consciousness?
Crick, F., & Christof Koch, A. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148220.003.0023 · Cited by 7
Self-citationPassie, T., Schneider, U., Borsutzky, M., Breyer, R., Emrich, H. M., Bandelow, B., & Schmid‐Ott, G. (2012) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2012.722649 · Cited by 7
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Reingold, E. M. (1992) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00068394 · Cited by 7
Pattern of brain blood perfusion in tinnitus patients using technetium-99m SPECT imaging.
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“Francis Crick and Christof Koch find that binocular rivalry occurs when each eye has a different input from the same part of the visual field and “one sees not the two inputs superimposed but first one input, then the other, and so on in alternation” [ 19 ].”
BackgroundPhenomenal fallacies and conflations
Harman, G. H. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00038280 · Cited by 6
Roskies, A. L., & Wood, C. C. (1992) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00068424 · Cited by 6
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Sheets‐Johnstone, M. (2024) · Continental Philosophy Review · doi:10.1007/s11007-024-09631-9 · Cited by 5
“107 Sheets-Johnstone 2010, p. 159; see also Sheets-Johnstone 2023 108 Crick and Koch (1992, 153).”
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Marchetti, G. (2000) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/bf01205515 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Crick, F., & Koch, C.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Venue
- Scientific American
- Published
- 1992-09
- Volume
- 267
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 152-159
- ISSN
- 0036-8733 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035398667
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 25.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scientific American (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Free Will and Agency
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Keywords
- consciousness, mind-body problem, philosophy of mind
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Consciousness, Humans, Optical Illusions, Vision, Ocular, Visual Perception
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