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The effects of fiber enrichment of pasta and fat content on gastric emptying, GLP-1, glucose, and insulin responses to a meal

Frost, G S, Brynes, A E, Dhillo, W S, Bloom, S R, McBurney, M I·2003·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601520

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Abstract

Objective To assess whether the addition of viscous fiber at an amount recommended by the US FDA to allow a 'low saturated fat, cholesterol, soluble fiber and coronary heart disease', health claim label on a food package (1.7 g psyllium) and/or fat (30 g sunflower oil and 3 g sodium propionate) to a pasta meal would affect gastric emptying, postprandial glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations.Design Ten subjects participated in a two-by-two single blind randomized crossover study. Four meals containing 50 g of available carbohydrate were consumed: pasta with or without psyllium enrichment served with a tomato sauce with (520 kcal per meal) and without (240 kcal per meal) fat. Blood samples were taken for 240 min following the meal and all subjects consumed a buffet meal at the end of the study. Gastric emptying was measured using the paracetamol absorption test. Blood was analysed for glucose, insulin, GLP-1. Visual analog scales were used to record feelings of hunger, pleasantness and nausea.Results The psyllium-enriched pasta had no significant effect on gastric emptying or the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for GLP-1, insulin or glucose compared with the control pasta. The addition of polyunsaturated fat and sodium propionate significantly increased the IAUC for GLP-1 (P<0.001), delaying gastric emptying (P<0.002), and decreasing glucose (P<0.002).Conclusions A dose of 1.7 g psyllium did not evoke measurable effects on gastric emptying, postprandial GLP-1, insulin or glucose metabolism. However the addition of 30 g of oil and 3 g of sodium propionate to the pasta did reduce gastric emptying, increase GLP-1 and reduce glucose and insulin concentrations. While this short-term study may have implications in terms of reducing the risk of diabetes and improving coronary risk factor profiles the long term effects of these nutrients need to be studied.

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Authors: Frost, G. S., Brynes, A. E., Dhillo, W. S., Bloom, S. R., & McBurney, M. I.
Affiliations: Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
Kellogg's (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Frost, G S
ORCID: Frost, G S
Dhillo, W S
Bloom, S R
McBurney, M I
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-02-01
Volume: 57
Issue: 2
Pages: 293-298
ISSN: 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
1476-5640
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601520
OpenAlex: W1964292024
Cited by: 142
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 2.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Keywords: psyllium, dietary fiber, pasta, gastric emptying, glucagon-like peptide-1, postprandial blood glucose, insulin, polyunsaturated fat, sunflower oil, sodium propionate, satiety, diabetes risk, coronary artery disease
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Female, Food, Fortified, Gastric Emptying, Glucagon, Humans, Hunger, Insulin, Male, Peptide Fragments, Protein Precursors, Reference Values, Time Factors, Triticum, Single-Blind Method, Cross-Over Studies, Area Under Curve, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

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The effects of fiber enrichment of pasta and fat content on gastric emptying, GLP-1, glucose, and insulin responses to a meal

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