Cited by 206RNA Interference and Gene DeliveryRNA and protein synthesis mechanismsRNA Research and Splicing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Spontaneous cellular uptake of exogenous messenger RNA in vivo is nucleic acid-specific, saturable and ion dependent

Probst, J, Weide, B, Scheel, B, Pichler, B J, Hoerr, I, Rammensee, H-G, Pascolo, S·2007·Gene Therapy

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The development of new treatments in the post-genomic era requires methods for safe delivery of foreign genetic information in vivo. As a transient, natural and controllable alternative to recombinant viruses or plasmid DNA (pDNA), purified or in vitro transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) can be used for the expression of any therapeutic protein in vitro and in vivo. As it has been shown previously, the simple injection of naked mRNA results in local uptake and expression. We show here that this process, in the skin, can greatly be modulated according to the injection solution composition and blocked by an excess of competing nucleic acids or a drug affecting cytosolic mobility. Different cell types at the site of injection can take up the foreign nucleic acid molecules and the protein translated from this is detected for no more than a few days. To test this gene transfer method in humans, we produced in vitro transcribed mRNA under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions in a dedicated facility. After injection into the human dermis, we could document the translation of the exogenous mRNA. Our results pave the way toward the use of mRNA as a vehicle for transient gene delivery in humans.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/sj.gt.3302964

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo
Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1690918 · Cited by 4,173
Heterologous Protection Against Influenza by Injection of DNA Encoding a Viral Protein
Ulmer, J. B., Donnelly, J., Parker, S. E., Rhodes, G. H., Felgner, P. L., Dwarki, V., Gromkowski, S. H., Deck, R. R., DeWitt, C. M., Friedman, A., et al. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8456302 · Cited by 2,318
Dendritic cells pulsed with RNA are potent antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo.
Boczkowski, D., Nair, S. K., Snyder, D., & Gilboa, E. (1996) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.184.2.465 · Cited by 915
Protection against a lethal influenza virus challenge by immunization with a haemagglutinin-expressing plasmid DNA
Robinson, H. L., Hunt, L., & Webster, R. G. (1993) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/0264-410x(93)90385-b · Cited by 428
Untitled work
(1995) · PubMed · Cited by 330
Messenger RNA-based vaccines
Pascolo, S. (2004) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.4.8.1285 · Cited by 152
Self-citation
Polarization of immunity induced by direct injection of naked sequence-stabilized mRNA vaccines
Carralot, J.-P., Probst, J., Hoerr, I., Scheel, B., Teufel, R., Jung, G., Rammensee, H.-G., & Pascolo, S. (2004) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS · doi:10.1007/s00018-004-4255-0 · Cited by 149
Self-citation
Technical and regulatory hurdles for DNA vaccines
Donnelly, J., Berry, K., & Ulmer, J. B. (2003) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00056-0 · Cited by 125
Toxicity and therapeutic effects in mice of liposome-encapsulated nystatin for systemic fungal infections
Mehta, R. T., Hopfer, R. L., McQueen, T. J., Juliano, R. L., & Lopez‐Berestein, G. (1987) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.31.12.1901 · Cited by 89
DNA vaccines: safety and efficacy issues
Klinman, D. M., Takeno, M., Ichino, M., Gu, M., Yamshchikov, G. V., Mor, G., & Conover, J. (1997) · Springer Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00870272 · Cited by 88

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 17 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 206

A new RNA vaccine platform based on MS2 virus-like particles produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sun, S., Li, W., Sun, Y., Pan, Y., & Li, J. (2011) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.122 · Cited by 39
RNA ‐based therapies for genodermatoses
Bornert, O., Peking, P., Bremer, J., Koller, U., van den Akker, P. C., Aartsma-Rus, A. M., Pasmooij, A. M. G., Murauer, E. M., & Nyström, A. (2016) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.13141 · Cited by 37
Why mRNA-ionizable LNPs formulations are so short-lived: causes and way-out
De, A., & Ko, Y. T. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2023.2162876 · Cited by 37
Advances in mRNA LNP-Based Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms, Formulation Aspects, Challenges, and Future Directions
Ramadan, E., Ismeal, A. A. A., & Naguib, Y. W. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14111092 · Cited by 42
Bioengineering of Novel Non-Replicating mRNA (NRM) and Self-Amplifying mRNA (SAM) Vaccine Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Immunoinformatics Approach
Bhattacharya, M., Sharma, A. R., Ghosh, P., Patra, P., Patra, B. C., Lee, S., & Chakraborty, C. (2022) · Molecular Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12033-021-00432-6 · Cited by 36
Intratumoral injection of IL-12-encoding mRNA targeted to CSF1R and PD-L1 exerts potent anti-tumor effects without substantial systemic exposure
Trani, C. A. D., Cirella, A., Arrizabalaga, L., Álvarez, M., Bella, Á., Fernández-Sendin, M., Russo-Cabrera, J. S., Gomar, C., Ardaiz, N., Teijeira, Á., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.020 · Cited by 35
Towards Targeted Delivery Systems: Ligand Conjugation Strategies for mRNA Nanoparticle Tumor Vaccines
Phua, K. K. L. (2015) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2015/680620 · Cited by 35
Personalized mRNA vaccines in glioblastoma therapy: from rational design to clinical trials
Karimi-Sani, I., Molavi, Z., Naderi, S., Mirmajidi, S. H., Zare, I., Naeimzadeh, Y., Mansouri, A., Tajbakhsh, A., Savardashtaki, A., & Sahebkar, A. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02882-x · Cited by 39
Advances and prospects of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy
Liu, Y., Yan, Q., Zeng, Z., Fan, C., & Xiong, W. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189068 · Cited by 33
Sustained release of PKR inhibitor C16 from mesoporous silica nanoparticles significantly enhances mRNA translation and anti-tumor vaccination
Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Chin, J. M., & Phua, K. K. L. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.011 · Cited by 33
Prophylactic mRNA vaccination against allergy
Weiss, R., Scheiblhofer, S., Roesler, E., Ferreira, F., & Thalhamer, J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1097/aci.0b013e32833fd5b6 · Cited by 33
Expanding the Reach of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review of Synthetic Nucleic Acid Delivery in Immunotherapy
Chung, C. W., Kudchodkar, S. B., Chung, C. N., Park, Y. K., Xu, Z., Pardi, N., Abdel‐Mohsen, M., & Muthumani, K. (2023) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib12030046 · Cited by 36
Comparison of the Gene Transfer Efficiency of mRNA/GL67 and pDNA/GL67 Complexes in Respiratory Cells
Andries, O., Filette, M. D., Rejman, J., Smedt, S. C. D., Demeester, J., Poucke, M. V., Peelman, L. J., Peleman, C., Lahoutte, T., & Sanders, N. N. (2012) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp200604h · Cited by 30
Advances in mRNA-based drug discovery in cancer immunotherapy
Trani, C. A. D., Fernández-Sendin, M., Cirella, A., Segués, A., Olivera, I., Bolaños, E., Melero, I., & Berraondo, P. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2021.1978972 · Cited by 28
Have mRNA vaccines sentenced DNA vaccines to death?
Cagigi, A., & Douradinha, B. G. (2023) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2023.2282065 · Cited by 30
Expanding the Potential of Circular RNA (CircRNA) Vaccines: A Promising Therapeutic Approach
Bu, T., Yang, W., Zhao, J., Gao, Y., Li, F., & Yang, R. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26010379 · Cited by 32
Strategies for modulating innate immune activation and protein production of in vitro transcribed mRNAs
Loomis, K. H., Kirschman, J. L., Bhosle, S. M., Bellamkonda, R. V., & Santangelo, P. J. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c5tb01753j · Cited by 24
Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy: The Potential of mRNA Vaccines As a Promising Therapeutic Approach
Goyal, F., Chattopadhyay, A., Navik, U., Jain, A., Reddy, P. H., Bhatti, G. K., & Bhatti, J. S. (2023) · Advanced Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/adtp.202300255 · Cited by 25
Review: N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ): Friend or foe of cancer?
Rubio‐Casillas, A., Cowley, D., Raszek, M., Uversky, V. N., & Redwan, E. M. M. M. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131427 · Cited by 27
Vaccines against COVID-19: Priority to mRNA-Based Formulations
Pascolo, S. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10102716 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Distinct transcriptional changes in non-small cell lung cancer patients associated with multi-antigenic RNActive® CV9201 immunotherapy
Hong, H. S., Koch, S. D., Scheel, B., Gnad-Vogt, U., Schröder, A., Kallen, K., Wiegand, V., Backert, L., Kohlbacher, O., Hoerr, I., et al. (2016) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2016.1249560 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
mRNA Vaccine Platform: mRNA Production and Delivery
Litvinova, V. R., Рудометов, А. П., Карпенко, Л. И., & Ilyichev, A. A. (2023) · Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s1068162023020152 · Cited by 26
Non-linear enhancement of mRNA delivery efficiencies by influenza A derived NS1 protein engendering host gene inhibition property
Phua, K. K. L., Liu, Y., & Sim, S. H. (2017) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.009 · Cited by 21
Controllable self-replicating RNA vaccine delivered intradermally elicits predominantly cellular immunity
Amano, T., Yu, H., Amano, M., Leyder, E. C., Badiola, M., Ray, P., Kim, J., Ko, A. C., Achour, A., Weng, N., et al. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106335 · Cited by 20
Improving the Repeatability and Efficacy of Intradermal Electroporated Self-Replicating mRNA
Huysmans, H., Temmerman, J. D., Zhong, Z., Cafferty, S. M., Combes, F., Haesebrouck, F., & Sanders, N. N. (2019) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2019.06.011 · Cited by 19
Association of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines: A Disproportionality Analysis of the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database
Park, J. K., Park, M., Kim, H. J., & Song, T. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10050799 · Cited by 19
Design and Development of Modified mRNA Encoding Core Antigen of Hepatitis C Virus: a Possible Application in Vaccine Production
Sharifnia, Z., Bandehpour, M., Kazemi, B., & Zarghami, N. (2018) · Iranian Biomedical Journal · doi:10.29252/ibj.23.1.57 · Cited by 18
RNA vaccines: The dawn of a new age for tuberculosis?
Li, J., Liu, D., Li, X., Wei, J., Du, W., Zhao, A., & Xu, M. (2025) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2025.2469333 · Cited by 19
Combined hybrid structure of siRNA tailed IVT mRNA (ChriST mRNA) for enhancing DC maturation and subsequent anticancer T cell immunity
Lee, K., Kim, T., Seo, Y., Kim, S. Y., & Lee, H. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.009 · Cited by 16
Making the Next Generation of Therapeutics: mRNA Meets Synthetic Biology
Hınçer, A., Ahan, R. E., Aras, E., & Şeker, U. Ö. Ş. (2023) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.3c00253 · Cited by 15
PEGylation of mRNA by Hybridization of Complementary PEG-RNA Oligonucleotides Stabilizes mRNA without Using Cationic Materials
Yoshinaga, N., Naito, M., Tachihara, Y., Boonstra, E., Osada, K., Cabral, H., & Uchida, S. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13060800 · Cited by 16
Cell Engineering with Synthetic Messenger RNA
Rabinovich, P. M., & Weissman, S. M. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-260-5_1 · Cited by 15
mRNA-based personalized cancer vaccines: opportunities, challenges and outcomes
Ibragimova, A. A., Fedorov, A. A., Kirilenko, K. M., Чойнзонов, Е. Л., Denisov, E. V., & Patysheva, M. R. (2025) · Acta Naturae · doi:10.32607/actanaturae.27707 · Cited by 14
Fight against COVID-19 with mRNA vaccines and interaction with Dermal fillers
Ghasemi, S., & Dashti, M. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research · doi:10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.151 · Cited by 13
Effective mRNA Delivery by Condensation with Cationic Nanogels Incorporated into Liposomes
Duskunovic, N., Im, S. H., Lee, J. H., & Chung, H. J. (2023) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00089 · Cited by 14
Improved tropoelastin synthesis in the skin by codon optimization and nucleotide modification of tropoelastin-encoding synthetic mRNA
Golombek, S., Hoffmann, T., Hann, L., Mandler, M., Schmidhuber, S. M., Weber, M., Chang, Y., Mehling, R., Ladinig, A., Knecht, C., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.035 · Cited by 14
Antigen transfer from non-APCs to APCs impacts the efficacy and safety of protein- and mRNA- based vaccines
Shi, Y., Lu, Y., Qin, B., Jiang, M., Guo, X., Li, X. O., Liu, Y., Huang, J., Zhang, J., Luo, Z., et al. (2021) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101326 · Cited by 13
An Association Study of HLA with the Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Specific IgG Antibody Responses to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine
Khor, S., Omae, Y., Takeuchi, J. S., Fukunaga, A., Yamamoto, S., Tanaka, A., Matsuda, K., Kimura, M., Maeda, K., Ueda, G., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10040563 · Cited by 13
The Race for a COVID-19 Vaccine: Current Trials, Novel Technologies, and Future Directions
Brown, S., Brown, T., Cederna, P. S., & Rohrich, R. J. (2020) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000003206 · Cited by 14
Implications of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for cancer patients
Romano, E., Pascolo, S., & Ott, P. A. (2021) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-002932 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
mRNA-Based Anti-TCR CDR3 Tumour Vaccine for T-Cell Lymphoma
Tusup, M., Läuchli, S., Jarzębska, N. T., French, L. E., Chang, Y., Eisenring, M., Su, A. A. H., Kündig, T. M., Guenova, E., & Pascolo, S. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13071040 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Vaccines targeting angiogenesis in melanoma
Zahedipour, F., Zamani, P., Jamialahmadi, K., Jaafari, M. R., & Sahebkar, A. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174565 · Cited by 11
RNA Vaccines against Infectious Diseases: Vital Progress with Room for Improvement
Abdelzaher, H. M., Gabr, A. S., Saleh, B. M., Gawad, R. M. A., Nour, A. A., & Abdelnaser, A. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9111211 · Cited by 12
Applications of microfluidics in mRNA vaccine development: A review
Fardoost, A., Karimi, K., Govindaraju, H., Jamali, P., & Javanmard, M. (2024) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/5.0228447 · Cited by 12
Vaccines and adjuvants in allergen specific immunotherapy: current status and future directions
Zheng, Y., & Subiza, J. L. (2025) · Allergy medicine. · doi:10.1016/j.allmed.2025.100065 · Cited by 10
Optimizing the Functionality of in vitro-Transcribed mRNA
Pascolo, S. (2018) · Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research · doi:10.26717/bjstr.2018.07.001487 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Personalized cancer vaccines: bridging immune-oncology and precision medicine for advanced therapeutics
Ye, L., Zhao, G., Ma, J., Gan, Q., Luo, N., Pan, D., Chen, C., Chen, X., & Ning, S. (2026) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-026-02769-3 · Cited by 10
Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines
Tsao, S. Y. (2022) · World Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.663 · Cited by 8
Enhanced immunogenicity induced by mRNA vaccines with various lipid nanoparticles as carriers for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Xing, H., Liu, C., Zha, W., Dong, S., Jiang, Y., & Li, X. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d3tb00303e · Cited by 8
Current Perspectives and Future Prospects of mRNA Vaccines against Viral Diseases: A Brief Review.
Vasavi, K., Poloju, D., Puvvala, B., Madineni, K., Balaji, S. N., Sheela, C. M. P., Manchikanti, S. S. C., & Moon, S. M. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22088/ijmcm.bums.11.3.260 · Cited by 12
Significance of VLPs in Vlp-circRNA vaccines: a vaccine candidate or delivery vehicle?
Gupta, R., Arora, K., Arora, N. M., & Kundu, P. K. (2024) · RNA Biology · doi:10.1080/15476286.2024.2399307 · Cited by 11
Overview of Current Immunotherapies Targeting Mutated KRAS Cancers
Hoo, W. P. Y., Siak, P. Y., & In, L. L. A. (2019) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026619666190904163524 · Cited by 7
Messenger RNA Vaccines
Probst, J., Fotin‐Mleczek, M., Schlake, T., Theß, A., Kramps, T., & Kallen, K. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0439-2_11 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Variant calling enhances the identification of cancer cells in single-cell RNA sequencing data
Gasper, W., Rossi, F., Ligorio, M., & Ghersi, D. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010576 · Cited by 7
Combining mRNA with PBS and calcium ions improves the efficiency of the transfection of mRNA into tumors
Ohta, N., Matsuzaki, T., Nakai, M., Tabata, Y., & Nimura, K. (2024) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102273 · Cited by 6
Recent strategies for enhanced delivery of mRNA to the lungs
Heiser, B. J., Veyssi, A., & Ghosh, D. (2025) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.1080/17435889.2025.2485669 · Cited by 7
Nonreplicating synthetic mRNA vaccines: A journey through the European (Journal of Immunology) history
Pascolo, S. (2023) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202249941 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Multifunctional nanocarrier-mediated delivery for targeting and treating skin cancer
Mongia, P. R., Singh, M. A., Sahu, K. K., Yadav, D. K., Joshi, R., Kaurav, M., Minz, S., Raj, R., & Gupta, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95303-0.00013-7 · Cited by 6
Personalized precision: Revolutionizing cancer treatment with mRNA-based vaccines in melanoma therapy
Adhikary, K., Paul, A., Madan, A., Islam, A., Ashique, S., & Ramzan, M. (2025) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.011 · Cited by 6
The Chemistry of Oligonucleotide Delivery
Rozema, D. B. (2017) · Annual reports in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.armc.2017.07.003 · Cited by 5
Vaccine Design in the 21st Century
Bottomley, M. J., Rappuoli, R., & Finco, O. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802174-3.00003-5 · Cited by 5
Generation and Evaluation of Prophylactic mRNA Vaccines Against Allergy
Weiss, R., Scheiblhofer, S., & Thalhamer, J. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6481-9_7 · Cited by 5
Unraveling the potential: mRNA therapeutics in oncology
Gawalski, K., Przybyszewska, W., Hunia, J., Gawalska, A., & Rymarz, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1643444 · Cited by 6
The Characteristics of RNA Vaccine; its Strengths and Weaknesses
Park, H., Ko, H. L., Jung, S.-Y., Jo, H.-B., & Nam, J. (2016) · Journal of Bacteriology and Virology · doi:10.4167/jbv.2016.46.3.115 · Cited by 3
The alien replicon: Artificial genetic constructs to direct the synthesis of transmissible self‐replicating RNAs
Kochetov, A. V. (2014) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201400111 · Cited by 3
mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines: a new age
Martínez-Espinosa, R. R., & Ramírez-Vélez, G. (2021) · Proceedings of Scientific Research Universidad Anáhuac Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare · doi:10.36105/psrua.2021v1n2.03 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of mRNA Transfection Reagents for mRNA Delivery and Vaccine Efficacy via Intramuscular Injection in Mice
Kim, J., Yang, J., Heo, S., & Poo, H. R. (2025) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.5c00424 · Cited by 2
Genetic Vaccine for Cancer
Valilou, S. F., & Keshavarz‐Fathi, M. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814039-0.00010-2 · Cited by 2
mRNA vaccine delivery strategies for cancer therapy
Zhang, H., Zhang, H., Xu, B., & Liu, H. (2024) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2024-0670 · Cited by 2
Messenger RNA vaccines in the prevention of allergic diseases
Li, S., Zheng, Y., & Cheng, L. (2025) · World Allergy Organization Journal · doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2025.101150 · Cited by 2
Homo sapiens as physician and patient: a view from Darwinian medicine.
Román‐Franco, A. A. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Using Immunoinformatics to Design a mRNA Vaccine against the Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2
Elkholy, S. F. (2021) · ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS · doi:10.25083/rbl/26.5/2901.2915 · Cited by 2
The role of antigen availability during B cell induction and its effect on sustained memory and antibody production after infection and vaccination—lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Bjarnarson, S. P., & Brynjolfsson, S. F. (2022) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1093/cei/uxac113 · Cited by 2
mRNA-Vaccine Platform: Features of Obtaining and Delivery of mRNA
Litvinova, V. R., Рудометов, А. П., Карпенко, Л. И., & Ilyichev, A. A. (2023) · Биоорганическая химия · doi:10.31857/s013234232302015x · Cited by 2
Intralymphatic Administration of Naked mRNA Induces Allergen‐Specific IgG , Promotes Th1 Responses and Reduces Anaphylactic Potential
Paolucci, M., Nilsson, F. A. M., Duda, A., Tusup, M., Diken, M., Kündig, T. M., & Johansen, P. (2025) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.16504 · Cited by 1
Messenger RNA delivery into Sertoli cells restores fertility to congenitally infertile male mice
Kanatsu‐Shinohara, M., Ogonuki, N., Matoba, S., Miyazaki, T., Morimoto, H., Liu, T., Yoshinaga, N., Ogura, A., Uchida, S., & Shinohara, T. (2026) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2026.102829 · Cited by 1
Non-vesicle-bound free microRNAs could enter cells and affect gene expression
Wang, G., Lai, K., Kwan, B. C., Chow, K., Li, P. K., & Szeto, C. (2012) · Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology · doi:10.4236/abb.2012.33026 · Cited by 1
Commenting on communicator RNA
Pascolo, S. (2011) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2011.122 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Melanoma transplants in “green” mice: Fluorescent cells in tumors are not equivalent to host-derived cells
Garcı́a-Olmo, D. C., Picazo, M. G., & García‐Olmo, D. (2018) · Electronic Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.04.007 · Cited by 1
Cancer vaccines: translational strategies
Maeng, H. M., & Berzofsky, J. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820493-1.00033-7 · Cited by 1
Applications of Spray-Dried Vaccines
Arpagaus, C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24323-3_6 · Cited by 2
pDNA and mRNA vaccines
Gill, K., Minall, L., & Nassif, A. R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814357-5.00007-6 · Cited by 1
Formulation and delivery of dermal DNA vaccines
van den Berg, J. H. (2009) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 1
General Mechanisms of Gene Vaccines
Weiss, R., Tendeloo, V. F. V., Scheiblhofer, S., & Thalhamer, J. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0439-2_1
Pharmaceutical development of the plasmid DNA vaccine pDERMATT
Quaak, S. G. L. (2009) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Bacteriophage-Targeted Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging
Wang, T., & Narayanaswamy, R. (2014) · Frontiers in nanobiomedical research · doi:10.1142/9789814520652_0060
Cancer Vaccines: Some Basic Considerations
Rammensee, H., Singh‐Jasuja, H., Emmerich, N., & Pascolo, S. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-369420-1.00050-0
Self-citation
New Genetic Approaches to Treating Diseases of the Skin
Hart, S. L., & Walker, A. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119142812.ch170
A review of COVID-19: Molecular basis, diagnosis, therapeutics and prevention
HUYNH, M. T. N., Nguyen, P., PHAN, H. H. C., Phan, N. T. H., LE, K. H., Truong, N. T. H., Le, K. D., HO, D. V., Nguyen, V. T., Tran, H. L. B., et al. (2020) · Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences · doi:10.32508/stdjns.v4i3.907
Historical Development Process of mRNA Vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
GÜNEŞ, N., & Karabulut, Ş. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Virology and Immunology · doi:10.46683/jmvi.2020.14
COVID-19 vaccination in the UK: is it time to celebrate?
Phillis, A. (2021) · British Journal of Community Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjcn.2021.26.2.70
Vaccinuri ARNM: istoric, necesități, domenii de utilizare | [MRNA vaccines: history, needs, areas of use]
Constantinescu, E. M., Chivaran, A. I., & Constantinescu, C.-A. (2022) · Jurnal Medical Brasovean · doi:10.31926/jmb.2021.1.6
Evaluation of the antiviral effect of exogenous human IFN-lambda mRNA against influenza virus in vitroPreprint
Plotnikova, M. A., Klotchenko, S. A., Lozhkov, A. A., Dobrovolskaya, O. A., Romanovskaya-Romanko, E., Vysochinskaya, V. V., & Vasin, A. V. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2374786/v1
Nanotechnology in COVID-19 Vaccines
Jain, A., & Sharma, S. (2022) · doi:10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_3 · Cited by 6
Experiments and Clinical Trials Conducted: The Power of Therapeutic mRNA
Lemonnier, J., & Lemonnier, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39300-6_11
Tailoring the bioactivities of IL-12 for cancer immunotherapy with mRNA-based technology: from immunocytokines to armored T cell transfer
Di-Trani, C. A. (. A. (2023) · Deposito Adademico Digital Universidad De Navarra (University of Navarra) · doi:10.15581/10171/67876
Mechanism, applications and of mRNA vaccines
Wang, C. (2023) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/6apbkw71
Cancer Vaccines Based on mRNA: Hype or Hope?
de Mey, W., Autaers, D., Bertazzon, G., Esprit, A., Aragon, M. M., Franceschini, L., & Breckpot, K. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527838394.ch13
Cancer Vaccines
Zorko, M., & Langel, Ü. (2025) · Methods in pharmacology and toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4374-7_10
Revolutionizing Disease Prevention: The Rise of mRNA Vaccines and Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Cancer and Infectious Diseases
Shankar, D., Mishra, D. K., Singh, A., Pathak, N., Minocha, N., Pandey, P., & Malhotra, P. (2025) · Current Nanomedicine · doi:10.2174/0124681873339647250214070805

Authors: Probst, J., Weide, B., Scheel, B., Pichler, B. J., Hoerr, I., Rammensee, H.-G., & Pascolo, S.
Affiliations: University of Tübingen (DE)
CureVac (Germany) (DE)
Corresponding author: Pascolo, S
ORCID: Weide, B
Pichler, B J
Rammensee, H-G
Pascolo, S
Venue: Gene Therapy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2007-05-03
Volume: 14
Issue: 15
Pages: 1175-1180
ISSN: 0969-7128 (ISSN-L)
1476-5462
DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302964
OpenAlex: W1991064719
Cited by: 206
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 2.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2009-05-14)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Gene Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Keywords: mRNA delivery, skin, dermis, ion dependence, in vitro transcribed mRNA, mRNA translation, therapeutic protein expression
MeSH terms: Animals, DNA, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Immunohistochemistry, Injections, Subcutaneous, Luciferases, Nucleic Acids, RNA, Messenger, Skin, Transfection, Genetic Therapy, Gene Expression, Microscopy, Confocal, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Spontaneous cellular uptake of exogenous messenger RNA in vivo is nucleic acid-specific, saturable and ion dependent

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks