Regulation of macronutrient balance in healthy young and older men
Abstract
Objective To determine the influence of age on the ability to adjust macronutrient oxidation to changes in diet composition. Our hypothesis was that the ability to adjust macronutrient oxidation to changes in diet composition would be impaired with age.Design Cross-sectional, randomized to three different isocaloric diets containing a constant percentage protein but varying in percentage fat and percentage carbohydrate: mixed diet (M; 15/30/55); high-fat diet (HF; 15/60/25), and high-carbohydrate (HC; 15/15/70).Subjects Six young (YM; age=25+/-1 y) and five middle-aged and older men (OM; age=63+/-3 y).Measurements Each subject underwent 24 h whole-room calorimetry on day 4 of each diet to determine 24 h macronutrient oxidation rates. Macronutrient balance was calculated from the individual macronutrient oxidation rates and the corresponding macronutrient intake.Results Body mass, percentage fat, and fat-free mass were similar in the two groups. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure (EE) and energy balance did not differ across diets or between groups; 24 h EE was approximately 7% lower (NS) in the OM. Macronutrient oxidation rates were not significantly different in YM vs OM during M. Protein oxidation was similar across diets, but higher (P<0.05) in OM. Fat oxidation contributed 28.8+/-7.0% vs 37.8+/-4.7% to 24 h EE on M (NS) in the OM vs YM, respectively. This increased to 58.4+/-6.7 vs 51.9+/-5.3% of 24 h EE (NS) in the OM vs YM, respectively, during HF and decreased to 25.4+/-9.7 vs 20.2+/-14.3% (NS) during HC (diet effect, both P<0.05). Carbohydrate oxidation contributed 54.3+/-10.5% vs 56.6+/-2.4% of 24 h EE (NS) on M in the OM vs YM, respectively. This decreased to 19.5+/-10.6 vs 29.9+/-12.6% (NS) during HF and increased to 53.6+/-12.3 vs 64.7+/-14.3% (NS) in the OM vs YM, respectively during HC (diet effect, P<0.05).Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that the ability to adjust macronutrient oxidation to changes in diet composition is maintained in OM and, thus, is unlikely to contribute to the increased susceptibility to weight gain and obesity development that accompanies aging.
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After 4 days of intervention, both young and elderly groups were similarly able to match whole body fuel oxidation to fuel intake.
“However, after 4 days of intervention, both groups were similarly able to match whole body fuel oxidation to fuel intake.”
From Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance (2008) · cites this paper as [6]
Elderly individuals matched for body mass and fat content to young volunteers showed on average 26% lower maximal aerobic consumption (vo2max) vs. young individuals.
“Alternatively, elderly individuals matched for body mass and fat content to young volunteers showed on average 26% lower maximal aerobic consumption (vo2max) vs. young individuals ([6](#r6)).”
From Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance (2008) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Davy, K., Horton, T., Davy, B., Bessessen, D., & Hill, J.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- University of Colorado Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davy, BM
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1497-1502
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2003373858
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (AG15420, AG00687)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK48520, DK-42549, P30DK048520)
- National Center for Research Resources (501-RR00051)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- macronutrient oxidation, macronutrient balance, aging, age-related metabolic decline, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, protein oxidation, high-fat diet, high-carbohydrate diet, isocaloric diet, older men, young men, energy balance, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aging, Calorimetry, Indirect, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxidation-Reduction, Weight Gain
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