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Cited by 190Muscle metabolism and nutritionRegulation of Appetite and ObesityDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

Nutrient balance in humans: effects of diet composition

Hill, JO, Peters, JC, Reed, GW, Schlundt, DG, Sharp, T, Greene, HL·1991·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/54.1.10
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of alterations in diet composition on energy expenditure and nutrient balance in humans. Eight adults (three men, five women) ate a high-carbohydrate (60% of calories from carbohydrate) and a high-fat (60% of calories from fat) diet for 7 d each according to a randomized, crossover design. Six subjects were studied for an additional week on a mixed diet (45% of calories from fat). For each subject, total caloric intake was identical on all diets and was intended to provide the subject's maintenance energy requirements. All subjects spent days 3 and 7 of each week in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. Diet composition did not affect total daily energy expenditure but did affect daily nutrient oxidation by rapidly shifting substrate oxidation to more closely reflect the composition of the diet. These results show that diet composition can affect substrate oxidation without producing measurable effects on total energy expenditure.

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Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/54.1.10

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  • The rate at which fat oxidation adjusts to high fat intake is variable among individuals.

    “The rate at which fat oxidation adjusts to high fat intake is variable among individuals ([21](#r21), [53](#r53)), but only scarce evidence exists about which factors determine this variability.”

    From Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance (2008) · cites this paper as [21]

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Authors
Hill, J., Peters, J., Reed, G., Schlundt, D., Sharp, T., & Greene, H.
Affiliations
Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author
Hill, JO
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1991-07
Volume
54
Issue
1
Pages
10-17
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/54.1.10
OpenAlex
W2147115806
Cited by
190
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-26657, DK-42549, P30DK026657)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR00095)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords
nutrient balance, diet composition, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, macronutrient oxidation, high-carbohydrate diet, high-fat diet, mixed diet, maintenance energy, indirect calorimetry
MeSH terms
Adult, Body Composition, Body Temperature Regulation, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Calorimetry, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Random Allocation

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