Fat and carbohydrate overfeeding in humans: different effects on energy storage
Abstract
Both the amount and composition of food eaten influence body-weight regulation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and by what mechanism excess dietary fat leads to greater fat accumulation than does excess dietary carbohydrate. We overfed isoenergetic amounts (50% above energy requirements) of fat and carbohydrate (for 14 d each) to nine lean and seven obese men. A whole-room calorimeter was used to measure energy expenditure and nutrient oxidation on days 0, 1, 7, and 14 of each overfeeding period. From energy and nutrient balances (intake-expenditure) we estimated the amount and composition of energy stored. Carbohydrate overfeeding produced progressive increases in carbohydrate oxidation and total energy expenditure resulting in 75-85% of excess energy being stored. Alternatively, fat overfeeding had minimal effects on fat oxidation and total energy expenditure, leading to storage of 90-95% of excess energy. Excess dietary fat leads to greater fat accumulation than does excess dietary carbohydrate, and the difference was greatest early in the overfeeding period.
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An adaptive process of several weeks has also been observed with more moderate, nonketogenic macronutrient changes.
“An adaptive process of several weeks has also been observed with more moderate, nonketogenic macronutrient changes (150–152).”
From The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [150]
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- Authors
- Horton, T., Drougas, H., Brachey, A., Reed, G., Peters, J., & Hill, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Health (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-07
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-29
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1952443362
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-42549)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR00095)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- energy storage, fat deposition, energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, nutrient oxidation, body weight regulation, obesity, lean men, energy balance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Body Weight, Calorimetry, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Humans, Hyperphagia, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Cross-Over Studies
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