Cited by 121Birth, Development, and HealthAdipose Tissue and MetabolismRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Timing of nutrient restriction and programming of fetal adipose tissue development

Open access
Symonds, Michael E., Pearce, Sarah, Bispham, Jayson, Gardner, David S., Stephenson, Terence·2004·Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

Abstract

It is apparent from epidemiological studies that the timing of maternal nutrient restriction has a major influence on outcome in terms of predisposing the resulting offspring to adult obesity. The present review will consider the extent to which maternal age, parity and nutritional restriction at defined stages of gestation can have important effects on fat deposition and endocrine sensitivity of adipose tissue in the offspring. For example, in 1-year-old sheep the offspring of juvenile mothers have substantially reduced fat deposition compared with those born to adult mothers. Offspring of primiparous adult mothers, however, show increased adiposity compared with those born to multiparous mothers. These offspring of multiparous ewes show retained abundance of the brown adipose tissue-specific uncoupling protein 1 at 1 month of age. A stimulated rate of metabolism in brown fat of these offspring may act to reduce adipose tissue deposition in later life. In terms of defined windows of development that can programme adipose tissue growth, maternal nutrient restriction targetted over the period of maximal placental growth results in increased adiposity at term in conjunction with enhanced abundance of mRNA for the insulin-like growth factor-I and -II receptors. In contrast, nutrient restriction in late gestation, coincident with the period of maximal fetal growth, has no major effect on adiposity but results in greater abundance of specific mitochondrial proteins, i.e. voltage-dependent anion channel and/or uncoupling protein 2. These adaptations may increase the predisposal of these offspring to adult obesity. Increasing maternal nutrition in late gestation, however, can result in proportionately less fetal adipose tissue deposition in conjunction with enhanced abundance of uncoupling protein 1.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1079/pns2004366

Cites

52 of 52 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The timing of a nutrient restriction in sheep plays a role in determining the offspring outcome: exposure up to day 110 of sheep gestation promotes adipose tissue deposition in the fetal lamb at term, whereas continuing the nutrient restriction after this time decreases adipose tissue mass.

    “Symonds et al. found the timing of a nutrient restriction in sheep plays a role in determining the offspring outcome [26]. They found that exposure to maternal nutrient restriction up to day 110 of sheep gestation (term = 145 days) promoted adipose tissue deposition in the fetal lamb at term, whereas continuing the nutrient restriction after this time decreased adipose tissue mass.”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Symonds, M. E., Pearce, S., Bispham, J., Gardner, D. S., & Stephenson, T.
Affiliations
Queen's Medical Centre (GB)
Corresponding author
Symonds, Michael E.
Venue
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
Published
2004-08
Volume
63
Issue
3
Pages
397-403
ISSN
  • 0029-6651 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-2719
OpenAlex
W2100221045
Cited by
121
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI
1.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of The Nutrition Society (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
maternal nutrient restriction, fetal programming, adult obesity, maternal age, parity, brown adipose tissue, UCP1, UCP2, IGF-1 receptor, insulin-like growth factor II receptor, placental development, fetal growth, mitochondrial proteins, voltage-dependent anion channel
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Adult, Animals, Diet, Reducing, Endocrine System, Female, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Humans, Maternal Age, Obesity, Parity, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review