A war on obesity, not the obese.
Abstract
In their efforts to lose weight, obese individuals may be fighting a powerful set of evolutionary forces honed in an environment drastically different from that of today.
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Obese individuals on average earn less money than their no-better-qualified lean counterparts and are promoted less readily.
“Obese individuals on average earn less money than their no-better-qualified lean counterparts and are promoted less readily (65,66).”
From Leptin at 14 y of age: an ongoing story (2009) · cites this paper as [66]
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- Authors
- Friedman, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Friedman, Jeffrey M.
- ORCID
- Friedman, Jeffrey M.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2003-02-07
- Volume
- 299
- Issue
- 5608
- Pages
- 856-858
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2019056933
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 104.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK-41096, R01DK041096)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- obesity, weight loss, adaptive evolution, human evolution, modern environments
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Diet, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Female, Genes, Homeostasis, Humans, Hunger, Life Style, Male, Obesity, Public Health, Selection, Genetic, United States, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Leptin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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