False human hematopoietic cell lines: cross-contaminations and misinterpretations
Abstract
The risk of adventitious contamination and subsequent overgrowth of cell lines by unrelated cells is a potential and often recurring problem where cells are grown and studied. This problem of intraspecies and interspecies cross-contamination among human cell lines has been recognized for over 25 years; incidences of cell cross-contamination between 17 and 35% have been reported. The most useful methods to detect human cell cross-contamination are DNA fingerprinting and cytogenetic analysis, each complementing the other. Using this combination, we found that in total 14.8% of the human hematopoietic cell lines received either from the original investigator (n = 117 cell lines) or from secondary sources (n = 72 cell lines) were cross-contaminated with another hematopoietic cell line and were thus false cell cultures. Another problem relates to the fact that not every cell line established from a patient with a hematopoietic malignancy is a malignant cell line; unintended immortalization of non-malignant B cells by 'passenger' Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) leads to the establishment of B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (termed EBV+ B-LCLs), an event which is much more frequent than the establishment of a 'true' leukemia-lymphoma-myeloma cell line. These EBV+B-LCLs are most often (albeit not always) unrelated to the malignant clone. The misinterpretation of such EBV+ B-LCLs as true malignant hematopoietic cell lines (particularly in research areas investigating B cell-derived neoplasms such…
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Isoenzyme and allozyme analysis can generally detect contamination affecting at least 5-10% of the culture population.
“The electrophoretic mobilities of chosen enzymes from a given cell are used to generate a unique gel banding pattern that can generally detect contamination affecting ≥ 5-10% of the culture population [24,31,78,97].”
From The history, landscape, and outlook of human cell line authentication and security (2024) · cites this paper as [24]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Drexler, H., Dirks, W., & MacLeod, R.
- Affiliations
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DE)
- Venue
- Leukemia
- Published
- 1999-10-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1601-1607
- ISSN
- 0887-6924 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5551
- OpenAlex
- W2058142453
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Leukemia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Keywords
- cell line cross-contamination, hematopoietic cell lines, DNA fingerprinting, cytogenetic analysis, Epstein-Barr virus, B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, karyotype, immunoprofile, multiple myeloma
- MeSH terms
- Cell Line, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Karyotyping, DNA Fingerprinting, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Lineage, Hematologic Neoplasms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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