The role of cyclooxygenases in inflammation, cancer, and development
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes catalyze a key step in the conversion of arachidonate to PGH2, the immediate substrate for a series of cell specific prostaglandin and thromboxane synthases. Prostaglandins play critical roles in numerous biologic processes, including the regulation of immune function, kidney development, reproductive biology, and gastrointestinal integrity. There are two COX isoforms, which differ mainly in their pattern of expression. COX-1 is expressed in most tissues, whereas COX-2 usually is absent, but is induced by numerous physiologic stimuli. Surprisingly, disruption of Cox1 (Ptgs1) in the mouse did not result in gastrointestinal abnormalities. cox-2 (Ptgs2) null mice show reproductive anomalies and defects in kidney development. Epidemiologic, animal, and human data indicate that NSAIDs, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, are chemopreventive for colon cancer. COX-2 is overexpressed in 50% of benign polyps and 80-85% of adenocarcinomas. Offspring from cox-2 null by Apcdelta716 matings exhibit an 86% reduction in polyp number when compared to offspring from control animals, thus providing genetic evidence that COX-2 contributes to tumor formation or growth. The in vivo mechanism by which COX-2 affects tumor growth has not been determined. It is possible that both tumor and stromally derived COX-2 could influence tumor angiogenesis and/ or immune function.
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COX-2 converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which in turn induce inflammatory reactions in damaged tissues.
“COX-2 converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which in turn induces inflammatory reactions in damaged tissues59.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Williams, C. S., Mann, M., & DuBois, R. N.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (US)
- Venue
- Oncogene
- Published
- 1999-12-20
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 55
- Pages
- 7908-7916
- ISSN
- 0950-9232 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5594
- OpenAlex
- W2058118671
- Cited by
- 1,417
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 78
- FWCI
- 6.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oncogene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Cancer Institute (P01 CA-77839, P01CA077839)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK47297)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P030 ES-00267-29)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- cyclooxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandins, thromboxane, arachidonic acid metabolism, inflammation, cancer, colon cancer chemoprevention, adenomatous polyps, tumor growth, kidney development, reproductive biology, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tumor angiogenesis, immune function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Colonic Neoplasms, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Humans, Isoenzymes, Membrane Proteins, Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases, Colorectal Neoplasms, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Cyclooxygenase 1, Cyclooxygenase 2, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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