R-Ras3, a brain-specific Ras-related protein, activates Akt and promotes cell survival in PC12 cells
Abstract
The GTP-binding protein, R-Ras3/M-Ras, is a novel member of the Ras subfamily of GTPases which shows highest sequence similarity to the TC21 gene. R-Ras3 is highly expressed in both human and mouse brain and ectopic expression of a constitutively active mutant of R-Ras3 induces cellular transformation in NIH3T3 cells. To gain further insight into the normal cellular function of R-Ras3, we examined the ability of R-Ras3 in activating several known intracellular signaling cascades. We observed that R-Ras3 is a relatively weak activator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERKs) when compared to the H-Ras oncogene. On the contrary, both R-Ras3 and H-Ras activated the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to a similar extent. Under similar experimental conditions, R-Ras3 significantly stimulated one of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) downstream substrates, Akt/PKB/RAC (Akt), which has been extensively implicated in mediating cell survival signaling. The activation of Akt by R-Ras3 was most likely to be PI3-K-dependent since this biochemical event was blocked by the pharmacological inhibitors, Wortmannin and LY294002, as well as by a dominant negative mutant of PI3-K. More importantly, R-Ras3 affinity-precipitated PI3-K from cell extracts in a GTP-dependent manner, and associated lipid kinase activity was readily detectable in R-Ras3 immune complexes. The biological significance of R-Ras3 in inducing Akt kinase activity is evidenced by the ability of an activated R-Ras3 to confer cell survival in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. As expected, this biological activity of R-Ras3 was also abrogated by the addition of LY294002. Thus, R-Ras3 represents a novel G-protein which may play a role in cell survival of neural-derived cells.
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MRAS, alone, is a poor activator of MAPK signaling.
“This is consistent with previous findings that MRAS, alone, is a poor activator of MAPK signaling38,48,49.”
From Co-targeting SOS1 enhances the antitumor effects of KRASG12C inhibitors by addressing intrinsic and acquired resistance (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
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Aberrant expression of MRAS and HEG1 as the biomarkers for osimertinib resistance in LUAD
Liu, M., Tang, B., Xiang, R., Hu, P., Xu, C. S., Hu, L., & Li, Q. (2024) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-024-01552-6
- Authors
- Kimmelman, A. C., Osada, M., & Chan, A. M.-L.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Venue
- Oncogene
- Published
- 2000-04-13
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 2014-2022
- ISSN
- 0950-9232 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5594
- OpenAlex
- W1983067519
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oncogene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca066654-04, 5r29ca078509-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH59771, R01MH059771)
- National Cancer Institute (CA66654, CA78509)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- M-Ras, Ras-related GTPases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, cell survival signaling, JNK activation, PC12 cells, LY294002, wortmannin, neuronal survival
- MeSH terms
- Wortmannin, Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors, Androstadienes, Animals, Brain, Cell Survival, Chromones, Enzyme Activation, Enzyme Inhibitors, Guanosine Triphosphate, Morpholines, Neurons, Organ Specificity, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Genes, ras, Recombinant Proteins, Signal Transduction, 3T3 Cells, PC12 Cells, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, ras Proteins, COS Cells, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Nerve Growth Factor, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Mice, Rats
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