Thermo-mechanical properties of polystyrene-based shape memory nanocomposites
Abstract
Shape memory nanocomposites were fabricated using chemically cross-linked polystyrene (PS) copolymer as a matrix and different nanofillers (including alumina, silica and clay) as the reinforcing agents. Their thermo-mechanical properties and shape memory effects were characterized. Experimental results revealed that the nanofillers provide significant reinforcement of the PS, and the nanocomposites exhibit better thermal and mechanical properties, including shape memory properties, than unreinforced PS. Both experimental and theoretical analyses have shown that the rod-shaped clay nanofillers offer better reinforcement than spherical nanoparticles, because of their high aspect ratio and ability to reinforce in multiple directions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Incorporation of different nanofillers (alumina, silica, clay) into chemically cross-linked polystyrene gives different macroscopic properties depending on nanofiller shape.
“Xu et al. [193] found that the incorporation of different nanofillers (alumina, silica and clay) into chemically cross-linked polystyrene gives different macroscopic properties, depending on the shape of the utilized nanofillers.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [193]
Rod-shaped clay nanofillers have stronger reinforcement influence than spherical Al2O3 nanoparticles due to higher aspect ratio and ability to reinforce in multiple directions.
“rod-shaped clay nanofillers have a stronger reinforcement influence than spherical nanoparticles such as Al 2 O 3 , due to their higher aspect ratio and ability to reinforce a polymer in multiple directions.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [193]
Cites
Einstein, A. (1905) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.19053220806 · Cited by 8,334 · see citing works
Average stress in matrix and average elastic energy of materials with misfitting inclusions
Mori, T., & Tanaka, K. (1973) · Acta Metallurgica · doi:10.1016/0001-6160(73)90064-3 · Cited by 8,188 · see citing works
The Halpin‐Tsai equations: A review
Affdl, J. C. H., & Kardos, J. L. (1976) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.760160512 · Cited by 3,080 · see citing works
Light-induced shape-memory polymers
Lendlein, A., Jiang, H., Jünger, O., & Langer, R. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03496 · Cited by 2,006 · see citing works
Behl, M., & Lendlein, A. (2007) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70047-0 · Cited by 1,965 · see citing works
Stiffness and Expansion Estimates for Oriented Short Fiber Composites
Halpin, J. C. (1969) · Journal of Composite Materials · doi:10.1177/002199836900300419 · Cited by 935 · see citing works
Mohr, R., Kratz, K., Weigel, T., Lucka-Gabor, M., Moneke, M., & Lendlein, A. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600079103 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Tandon, G. P., & Weng, G. J. (1984) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.750050413 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Effect of organoclay structure on nylon 6 nanocomposite morphology and properties
Fornes, T. D., Yoon, P. J., Hunter, D. L., Keskkula, H., & Paul, D. R. (2002) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00400-7 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
Polymer nanocomposites: from fundamental research to specific applications
Fischer, H. (2003) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.148 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Structure and thermomechanical properties of polyurethane block copolymers with shape memory effect
Lee, B. S., Chun, B. C., Chung, Y.-C., Sul, K. I., & Cho, J. W. (2001) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma001842l · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Shape memory polymer nanocomposites
Gall, K. (2002) · Acta Materialia · doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(02)00368-3 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Entropy-driven segregation of nanoparticles to cracks in multilayered composite polymer structures
Gupta, S., Zhang, Q., Emrick, T. S., et al. (2006) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1582 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Structure and properties of shape-memory polyurethane block copolymers
Takahashi, T., Hayashi, N., & HAYASHI, S. (1996) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19960516)60:7 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Chemically Cross-Linked Polycyclooctene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Shape Memory Behavior
Liu, C., Chun, S. B., Mather, P. T., Zheng, L., Haley, E. H., & Coughlin, E. B. (2002) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma021141j · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Investigation of shape memory polymers and their hybrid composites
Liang, C., Rogers, C. A., & Malafeew, E. (1997) · Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures · doi:10.1177/1045389x9700800411 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Shape memory effect and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/shape memory polymer nanocomposites
Ni, Q., Zhang, C.-S., Fu, Y., Dai, G., & Kimura, T. (2006) · Composite Structures · doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.08.017 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationSAHOO, N., JUNG, Y., YOO, H., & CHO, J. (2007) · Composites Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.10.013 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Novel cellulose derivatives. IV. Preparation and thermal analysis of waxy esters of cellulose
Sealey, J. E., Samaranayake, G., Todd, J. G., & Glasser, W. G. (1996) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19960715)34:9 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Li, F., & Larock, R. C. (2003) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm034049j · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Shape Fixity and Shape Recovery in a Film of Shape Memory Polymer of Polyurethane Series
TOBUSHI, H., Hashimoto, T., Ito, N., Hayashi, S., & Yamada, E. (1998) · Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures · doi:10.1177/1045389x9800900206 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Analysis of the interfacial interactions in polypropylene/silica nanocomposites
Rong, M. Z., Zhang, M. Q., Pan, S. L., et al. (2003) · Polymer International · doi:10.1002/pi.1307 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Kim, B. K., Shin, Y. J., Cho, S. M., & Jeong, H. M. (2000) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/1099-0488(20001015)38:20 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Mechanical properties of attapulgite clay reinforced polyurethane shape-memory nanocomposites
Xu, B., Huang, W. M., Pei, Y. T., Chen, Z. G., Kraft, A., Reuben, R., De Hosson, J. T. M., & Fu, Y. Q. (2009) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.04.004 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationLattice spring model of filled polymers and nanocomposites
Buxton, G. A., & Balazs, A. C. (2002) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1509447 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Shape‐memory polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube fibers
Meng, Q., Hu, J., & Zhu, Y. (2007) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.26517 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Buxton, G. A., & Balazs, A. C. (2004) · Molecular Simulation · doi:10.1080/08927020310001659142 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Room-temperature-functional shape-memory polymers
Hayashi, S., Kondo, S., Kapadia, P., et al. (1995) · Plastics Engineering · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Effects of Aspect Ratios of Ellipsoidal Inclusions on Elastic Stress Transfer of Ceramic Composites
Hsueh, C. (1989) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06132.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Meng, Q., HU, J., & Mondal, S. (2008) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2008.03.032 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Poly(urethane–oxazolidone): Synthesis, characterisation and shape memory properties
Merline, J. D., Nair, C. P. R., Gouri, C., Sadhana, R., & Ninan, K. N. (2007) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.05.032 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Crystal transformation of styrene-butadiene block copolymer
Sakurai, K., Shirakawa, Y., Kashiwagi, T., & Takahashi, T. (1994) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/0032-3861(94)90602-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effective Viscosity of Suspensions of Spheres
Hsueh, C., & Becher, P. (2005) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00204.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites
Meng, H., & Li, G. (2013) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.023 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: a review
Sun, L., Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, C. C., Purnawali, H., & Tang, C. (2012) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.065 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, W. M., Ding, Z., Wang, C. C., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., & Purnawali, H. (2010) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70128-0 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Self-citationWater-induced shape memory effect of graphene oxide reinforced polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites
Qi, X., Yao, X., Deng, S., Zhou, T., & Fu, Q. (2014) · J. Mater. Chem. A · doi:10.1039/c3ta14340f · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers
Pretsch, T. (2010) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym2030120 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Zhao, J., Chen, M., Yang, M., Tang, L., Dang, Z.-M., Chen, F., Huang, M., & Dong, X. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am5056307 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xu, B., Fu, Y. Q., Ahmad, M., Luo, J. K., Huang, W. M., Kraft, A., Reuben, R., Pei, Y. T., Chen, Z. G., & De Hosson, J. T. M.
- Affiliations
- Heriot-Watt University (GB)
- University of Greater Manchester (GB)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Fu, Y. Q.
- Venue
- Journal of Materials Chemistry
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 3442
- ISSN
- 0959-9428 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-5501
- OpenAlex
- W2168476063
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 6.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Materials Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- UBIR (University of Greater Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Keywords
- polystyrene, nanofillers, Al2O3 nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, clay nanofillers, shape memory effect, thermomechanical properties, mechanical reinforcement, thermal properties, aspect ratio
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
