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Cited by 481

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Extraction desulfurization process of fuels with ammonium-based deep eutectic solvents

Li, Changping, Li, Dan, Zou, Shuangshuang, Li, Zhuo, Yin, Jingmei, Wang, Ailing, Cui, Yingna, Yao, Zhilong, Zhao, Qi·2013·Green Chemistry
DOI 10.1039/c3gc41067f
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Abstract

Organic sulfides in fuels have become one of the main sources of serious pollution. The desulfurization of fuels has become a frontier scientific topic demanding prompt solutions. Research shows that the emergence of ionic liquid analogues—deep eutectic solvents (DESs)—has provided a new opportunity for the deep extraction desulfurization of fuels because of their cheap and easily obtained raw materials, higher extraction desulfurization efficiencies, and simple and environmentally friendly synthesis process. In this study, some DESs were designed and synthesized. Choline chloride (ChCl), tetramethyl ammonium chloride (TMAC), and tetrabutyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) were chosen as typical hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA), and malonic acid (MA), glycerol (Gl), tetraethylene glycerol (TEG), ethylene glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and propionate (Pr) were chosen as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), from which a series of deep eutectic solvents were synthesized. Research shows that the above DESs can be used for the desulfurization of fuels successfully. Tetrabutyl ammonium chloride-based DESs possess the highest extraction efficiency. In optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency of TBAC/PEG can reach as high as 82.83% for one cycle, which is much higher than the traditional and functionalized ionic liquids (ILs). After five cycles, the extraction efficiency can reach up to 99.48%. In addition, sulfur content in fuels can be reduced to less than 8.5 ppm and deep desulfurization was realized. Finally, the extraction mechanism was investigated systematically with quantitative 1H NMR and FT-IR. The hydrogen bonds formed between DESs and benzothiophene (BT) account for the higher desulfurization efficiency. This study will provide new green solvents for the extraction desulfurization process of fuels.

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Metadata

Authors
Li, C., Li, D., Zou, S., Li, Z., Yin, J., Wang, A., Cui, Y., Yao, Z., & Zhao, Q.
Venue
Green Chemistry
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Published
2013
Volume
15
Issue
10
Pages
2793
ISSN
  • 1463-9262 (ISSN-L)
  • 1463-9270
DOI
10.1039/c3gc41067f
OpenAlex
W2074619305
Cited by
481
References
4
FWCI
39.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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