Metal-free carbonaceous electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for water splitting

A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light

Wang, X., Maeda, K., Thomas, A., Takanabe, K., Xin, G., Carlsson, J. M., Domen, K., & Antonietti, M. (2009) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2317 · Cited by 12,532

Noble metal-free hydrogen evolution catalysts for water splitting

Zou, X., & Zhang, Y. (2015) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c4cs00448e · Cited by 5,955

Metal-free efficient photocatalyst for stable visible water splitting via a two-electron pathway

Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, N., Han, Y., Zhang, X., Huang, H., Lifshitz, Y., Lee, S.-T., Zhong, J., & Kang, Z. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa3145 · Cited by 4,468

Polymeric Photocatalysts Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride

Cao, S., Low, J., Yu, J., & Jaroniec, M. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201500033 · Cited by 3,674

Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage

Bonaccorso, F., Colombo, L., Yu, G., Stoller, M., Tozzini, V., Ferrari, A. C., Ruoff, R. S., & Pellegrini, V. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1246501 · Cited by 3,454

A metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions

Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Xia, Z., & Dai, L. (2015) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.48 · Cited by 3,094

Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies

Li, H., Tsai, C., Koh, A. L., Cai, L., Contryman, A. W., Fragapane, A. H., Zhao, J., Han, H. S., Manoharan, H. C., Abild-Pedersen, F., et al. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4465 · Cited by 2,529

Metal-Free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Dai, L., Xue, Y., Qu, L., Choi, H.-J., & Baek, J.-B. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr5003563 · Cited by 2,380

Hydrogen evolution by a metal-free electrocatalyst

Zheng, Y., Jiao, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, L. H., Han, Y., Chen, Y., Du, A., Jaroniec, M., & Qiao, S. Z. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4783 · Cited by 2,236

Efficient hydrogen evolution catalysis using ternary pyrite-type cobalt phosphosulphide

Cabán-Acevedo, M., Stone, M. L., Schmidt, J. R., Thomas, J. G., Ding, Q., Chang, H.-C., Tsai, M.-L., He, J.-H., & Jin, S. (2015) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4410 · Cited by 1,290

Toward Design of Synergistically Active Carbon-Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Zheng, Y., Jiao, Y., Li, L. H., Xing, T., Chen, Y., Jaroniec, M., & Qiao, S. Z. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn501434a · Cited by 1,060

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials as non-metal electrocatalysts for water oxidation

Zhao, Y., Nakamura, R., Kamiya, K., Nakanishi, S., & Hashimoto, K. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3390 · Cited by 1,043

Chemical Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Nitrides Using Hard Templates and Their Use as a Metal‐Free Catalyst for Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Benzene

Goettmann, F., Fischer, A., Antonietti, M., & Thomas, A. (2006) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200600412 · Cited by 1,002

Tunable Organic Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution

Sprick, R. S., Jiang, J.-X., Bonillo, B., Ren, S., Ratvijitvech, T., Guiglion, P., Zwijnenburg, M. A., Adams, D. J., & Cooper, A. I. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja511552k · Cited by 896

High Catalytic Activity of Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Nanoporous Graphene in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Ito, Y., Cong, W., Fujita, T., Tang, Z., & Chen, M. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201410050 · Cited by 896

Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots as Photocatalysts for Overall Water‐Splitting under Visible Light Illumination

Yeh, T., Teng, C., Chen, S., & Teng, H. (2014) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201305299 · Cited by 873

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheet–Carbon Nanotube Three‐Dimensional Porous Composites as High‐Performance Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts

Ma, T. Y., Dai, S., Jaroniec, M., & Qiao, S. Z. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201403946 · Cited by 814

Graphite Oxide as a Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production from Water

Yeh, T., Syu, J., Cheng, C., Chang, T., & Teng, H. (2010) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201000274 · Cited by 810

Phosphorus‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitrides Grown In Situ on Carbon‐Fiber Paper: Flexible and Reversible Oxygen Electrodes

Ma, T. Y., Ran, J., Dai, S., Jaroniec, M., & Qiao, S. Z. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201411125 · Cited by 802

Doped graphene for metal-free catalysis

Kong, X.-K., Chen, C.-L., & Chen, Q.-W. (2014) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c3cs60401b · Cited by 783

Carbon-doped BN nanosheets for metal-free photoredox catalysis

Huang, C., Chen, C., Zhang, M., Lin, L., Ye, X., Lin, S., Antonietti, M., & Wang, X. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8698 · Cited by 744

Porous C3N4 Nanolayers@N-Graphene Films as Catalyst Electrodes for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

Duan, J., Chen, S., Jaroniec, M., & Qiao, S. Z. (2015) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn506701x · Cited by 701

Carbocatalysis by Graphene-Based Materials

Navalon, S., Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Alvaro, M., & Garcia, H. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr4007347 · Cited by 683

Nitrogen and Oxygen Dual‐Doped Carbon Hydrogel Film as a Substrate‐Free Electrode for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Chen, S., Duan, J., Jaroniec, M., & Qiao, S. (2014) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201305608 · Cited by 658

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution at Surface-Oxidized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

Lu, X., Yim, W.-L., Suryanto, B. H. R., & Zhao, C. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja509879r · Cited by 594

Design Principles for Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanomaterials as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Fuel Cells and Metal–Air Batteries

Zhao, Z., Li, M., Zhang, L., Dai, L., & Xia, Z. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201503211 · Cited by 574

Designing band gap of graphene by B and N dopant atoms

Rani, P., & Jindal, V. K. (2013) · RSC Adv. · doi:10.1039/c2ra22664b · Cited by 532

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanoribbons: Graphene‐Assisted Formation and Synergic Function for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

Zhao, Y., Zhao, F., Wang, X., Xu, C., Zhang, Z., Shi, G., & Qu, L. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201409080 · Cited by 519

Toward Full Exposure of “Active Sites”: Nanocarbon Electrocatalyst with Surface Enriched Nitrogen for Superior Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactivity

Tian, G., Zhang, Q., Zhang, B., Jin, Y., Huang, J., Su, D. S., & Wei, F. (2014) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201401264 · Cited by 370

Simple preparation of nanoporous few-layer nitrogen-doped graphene for use as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions

Lin, Z., Waller, G. H., Liu, Y., Liu, M., & Wong, C.-P. (2013) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.10.039 · Cited by 349

Unprecedented metal-free 3D porous carbonaceous electrodes for full water splitting

Lai, J., Li, S., Wu, F., Saqib, M., Luque, R., & Xu, G. (2016) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c5ee02996a · Cited by 322

Poly(p-phenylene)-catalysed photoreduction of water to hydrogen

Yanagida, S., Kabumoto, A., Mizumoto, K., Pac, C., & Yoshino, K. (1985) · Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c39850000474 · Cited by 315

Metal-free B-doped graphene with efficient electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction

Sathe, B. R., Zou, X., & Asefa, T. (2014) · Catal. Sci. Technol. · doi:10.1039/c4cy00075g · Cited by 308

P‐Doped Graphene Obtained by Pyrolysis of Modified Alginate as a Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Water–Methanol Mixtures

Latorre‐Sánchez, M., Primo, A., & García, H. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201304505 · Cited by 268

Ultrathin Graphitic C3N4 Nanosheets/Graphene Composites: Efficient Organic Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Tian, J., Liu, Q., Asiri, A. M., Alamry, K. A., & Sun, X. (2014) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201402118 · Cited by 266

Superior performance of borocarbonitrides, BxCyNz, as stable, low-cost metal-free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Chhetri, M., Maitra, S., Chakraborty, H., Waghmare, U. V., & Rao, C. N. R. (2016) · Energy Environ. Sci. · doi:10.1039/c5ee02521d · Cited by 240

P‐Doped Graphene Obtained by Pyrolysis of Modified Alginate as a Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Water–Methanol Mixtures

Latorre‐Sánchez, M., Primo, A., & García, H. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201304505 · Cited by 229

Controlled Carbon Nitride Growth on Surfaces for Hydrogen Evolution Electrodes

Shalom, M., Gimenez, S., Schipper, F., Herraiz‐Cardona, I., Bisquert, J., & Antonietti, M. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201309415 · Cited by 223

Design Principles for Dual-Element-Doped Carbon Nanomaterials as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions

Zhao, Z., & Xia, Z. (2016) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b02731 · Cited by 213

Activated carbon nanotubes: a highly-active metal-free electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Cui, W., Liu, Q., Cheng, N., Asiri, A. M., & Sun, X. (2014) · Chem. Commun. · doi:10.1039/c4cc02713b · Cited by 203

Nitrogen and Sulfur Codoped Graphite Foam as a Self‐Supported Metal‐Free Electrocatalytic Electrode for Water Oxidation

Yu, X., Zhang, M., Chen, J., Li, Y., & Shi, G. (2016) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201501492 · Cited by 172

N‐Doped Graphene Derived from Biomass as a Visible‐Light Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Water/Methanol Mixtures

Lavorato, C., Primo, A., Molinari, R., & Garcia, H. (2014) · Chemistry – A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201303689 · Cited by 161

Tuning the Electronic Structure of Graphite Oxide through Ammonia Treatment for Photocatalytic Generation of H2 and O2 from Water Splitting

Yeh, T.-F., Chen, S.-J., Yeh, C.-S., & Teng, H. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp312613r · Cited by 160

Boron Carbides as Efficient, Metal‐Free, Visible‐Light‐Responsive Photocatalysts

Liu, J., Wen, S., Hou, Y., Zuo, F., Beran, G. J. O., & Feng, P. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201209363 · Cited by 140

NIR light induced H 2 evolution by a metal-free photocatalyst

Xia, X., Deng, N., Cui, G., Xie, J., Shi, X., Zhao, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, W., & Tang, B. (2015) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c5cc02589c · Cited by 121

Electrochemical Degradation of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes at High Anodic Potential for Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media

Yi, Y., Tornow, J., Willinger, E., Willinger, M., Ranjan, C., & Schlögl, R. (2015) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.201500268 · Cited by 117

N-doped graphene as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions in an alkaline electrolyte

Wang, L. F., Yin, F., & Yao, C. (2014) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.071 · Cited by 110

Micelle-Template Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Graphene as an Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production

Huang, X., Zhao, Y., Ao, Z., & Wang, G. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep07557 · Cited by 109

Ab Initio Electrochemistry: Exploring the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Carbon Nanotubes

Holmberg, N., & Laasonen, K. E. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04739 · Cited by 53

Theoretical Insight into the Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Open-Ended Carbon Nanotubes

Holmberg, N., & Laasonen, K. E. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01846 · Cited by 35

Poly(3,4-dinitrothiophene)/SWCNT composite as a low overpotential hydrogen evolution metal-free catalyst

Xie, K., Wu, H., Meng, Y., Lü, K., Wei, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2014) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c4ta04671d · Cited by 23

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water–methanol mixtures using halogenated reconstituted graphenes

Ballesteros‐Garrido, R., Baldoví, H. G., Latorre‐Sánchez, M., Álvaro, M., & Garcı́a, H. (2013) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c3ta11918a · Cited by 21

Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments

Chatenet, M., Pollet, B. G., Dekel, D. R., Dionigi, F., Deseure, J., Millet, P., Braatz, R. D., Bazant, M. Z., Eikerling, M., Staffell, I., et al. (2022) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs01079k · Cited by 2,025

Metal‐Free Carbon Materials for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction

Duan, X., Xu, J., Wei, Z., Ma, J., Guo, S., Wang, S., Liu, H., & Dou, S. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201701784 · Cited by 754

Complex Nanostructures from Materials based on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Guan, B. Y., Yu, X. Y., Wu, H. B., & Lou, X. W. (. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201703614 · Cited by 733

Self‐Templating Synthesis of Hollow Co3O4 Microtube Arrays for Highly Efficient Water Electrolysis

Zhu, Y. P., Ma, T. Y., Jaroniec, M., & Qiao, S. Z. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201610413 · Cited by 732

Nickel Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Few‐Layer Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting

Xu, Y., Tu, W., Zhang, B., Yin, S., Huang, Y., Kraft, M., & Xu, R. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201605957 · Cited by 686