Metal‐Free Carbon Materials for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction
Abstract
The rapid increase of the CO 2 concentration in the Earth's atmosphere has resulted in numerous environmental issues, such as global warming, ocean acidification, melting of the polar ice, rising sea level, and extinction of species. To search for suitable and capable catalytic systems for CO 2 conversion, electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (CO 2 RR) holds great promise. Emerging heterogeneous carbon materials have been considered as promising metal‐free electrocatalysts for the CO 2 RR, owing to their abundant natural resources, tailorable porous structures, resistance to acids and bases, high‐temperature stability, and environmental friendliness. They exhibit remarkable CO 2 RR properties, including catalytic activity, long durability, and high selectivity. Here, various carbon materials (e.g., carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, diamond, nanoporous carbon, and graphene dots) with heteroatom doping (e.g., N, S, and B) that can be used as metal‐free catalysts for the CO 2 RR are highlighted. Recent advances regarding the identification of active sites for the CO 2 RR and the pathway of reduction of CO 2 to the final product are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, the emerging challenges and some perspectives on the development of heteroatom‐doped carbon materials as metal‐free electrocatalysts for the CO 2 RR are included.
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Zheng et al. reported a three-fold enhancement in formate selectivity using a sulfur-modulated Sn catalyst (Sn(S)/Au) compared to a Sn nanoparticle/Au catalyst.
“For example, Zheng et al. reported a three-fold enhancement in formate selectivity using a sulfurmodulated Sn catalyst (Sn(S)/Au) as compared to a Sn nanoparticle/Au catalyst, [70]”
From Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
The Sn(S)/Au catalyst exhibited FEHCOO- up to 93% at -0.75 V vs RHE for over 40 hours.
“The Sn(S)/Au catalyst exhibited a FEHCOO -up to 93% at -0.75 V vs RHE for over 40 hours.”
From Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
The three-fold enhancement in formate selectivity with Sn(S)/Au was attributed to S-induced undercoordinated sites of the Sn nanoparticles.
“which was attributed to the S-induced undercoordinated sites of the Sn nanoparticles.”
From Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
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Progress and perspectives of electrochemical CO2 reduction on copper in aqueous electrolyte
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- Authors
- Duan, X., Xu, J., Wei, Z., Ma, J., Guo, S., Wang, S., Liu, H., & Dou, S.
- Affiliations
- Hunan University (CN)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Peking University (CN)
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of Wollongong Wollongong 2500 Australia
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Jianmin
- Guo, Shaojun
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-09-11
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 41
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W2752061081
- Cited by
- 754
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21601148, 51302079, 51671003)
- Australian Research Council (DP160102627)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
- Keywords
- electrochemical CO2 reduction, metal-free electrocatalysts, carbon materials, heteroatom doping, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fiber, nanoporous carbon, diamond, active site, reaction pathways, CO2 conversion
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