The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functional properties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) phytochemicals and bioactives
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that diets rich in fruits and vegetables are protective against common chronic diseases, such as cancer, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Leafy green vegetables, in particular, are recognized as having substantial health-promoting activities that are attributed to the functional properties of their nutrients and non-essential chemical compounds. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is widely regarded as a functional food due to its diverse nutritional composition, which includes vitamins and minerals, and to its phytochemicals and bioactives that promote health beyond basic nutrition. Spinach-derived phytochemicals and bioactives are able to (i) scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent macromolecular oxidative damage, (ii) modulate expression and activity of genes involved in metabolism, proliferation, inflammation, and antioxidant defence, and (iii) curb food intake by inducing secretion of satiety hormones. These biological activities contribute to the anti-cancer, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties of spinach. Despite these valuable attributes, spinach consumption remains low in comparison to other leafy green vegetables. This review examines the functional properties of spinach in cell culture, animals and humans with a focus on the molecular mechanisms by which spinach-derived non-essential phytochemicals and bioactives, such as glycolipids and thylakoids, impart their health benefits.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These discrepancies in 20HE and phytochemical content may be attributed to different processing methods applied to spinach leaves [149].”
From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [149]
In the citing paper
“Due to the wide variety of bioactive and phytochemical compounds, S. oleracea has a wide variety of potential functionalities, mainly antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic [146,149,151].”
From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [149]
In the citing paper
“These differences in 20-HE amounts may be due to different processing methods of the spinach leaves before analysis [29].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Quantification in Selected Plant Species and Evaluation of Some Effects on Gastric Smooth Muscles (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
Citations
Cites
Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.732 · Cited by 8,072
Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., & Dietz, W. H. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.3.356 · Cited by 6,698
The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases.
Wade Harper, J. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90499-g · Cited by 5,651
Function and Activation of NF-kappaB in the Immune System
Baeuerle, P. A., & Henkel, T. (1994) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041 · Cited by 4,745
Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships
Heim, K. E., Tagliaferro, A. R., & Bobilya, D. J. (2002) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00208-5 · Cited by 4,261
Plant Polyphenols as Dietary Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease
Pandey, K. B., & Rizvi, S. I. (2009) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.4161/oxim.2.5.9498 · Cited by 3,942
Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity
Gregor, M. F., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2011) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101322 · Cited by 3,754
Missing Pieces in the NF-κB Puzzle
Ghosh, S., & Karin, M. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00703-1 · Cited by 3,638
Obesity and the Environment: Where Do We Go from Here?
Hill, J. O., Wyatt, H. R., Reed, G. W., & Peters, J. C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079857 · Cited by 2,180
Atomic model of plant light-harvesting complex by electron crystallography
Kühlbrandt, W., Wang, D., & Fujiyoshi, Y. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/367614a0 · Cited by 1,904
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- T. E. Morelock and J. C.Correll, in Vegetables: Handbook of Plant Breeding, ed. J. Prohens-Tomás and F. Nuez, Springer, New York, 2008, vol. 1, pp. 189–218
- Delchier, 2012, Food Sci. Technol., 49, 197
- V. Lattanzio , in Natural Products, ed. K. G. Ramawat and J.-M. Mérillon, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, 1 edn, 2013, pp. 1543–1580
- Sofi, 2013, Int. J. Med. Med. Sci., 5, 55
- Zhou, 2006, Food Sci. Technol., 39, 1155
- S. Grossman , R.Reznik, T.Tamari and M.Albeck, in Frontiers of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Medicine, ed. K. Asada and T. Yoshikawa, Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1994, pp. 343–344
- Nyska, 2003, Toxicol. Pathol., 31, 39
- Pool-Zobel, 1998, Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev., 7, 891
- Sindhu, 2010, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 48, 843
- International Agency for Research on Cancer , World Cancer Report 2014, 2014
- Longnecker, 1997, Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev., 6, 887
- World Health Organization , Global Report on Diabetes, 2016
- Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion , National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 2014
- Kumar, 2010, Global J. Biotechnol. Biochem., 5, 87
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhao, L., Huang, Y., Adeleye, A. S., & Keller, A. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b02163 · Cited by 160
Jabborova, D., Annapurna, K., Paul, S., Kumar, S., Saad, H. A., Desouky, S. E., Ibrahim, M. F. M., & Elkelish, A. (2021) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof7070571 · Cited by 127
“It is rich in bioactive compounds that contribute to anticancer, antiobesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties [47].”
BackgroundIsolation and functionalities of bioactive peptides from fruits and vegetables: A reviews
Sosalagere, C., Kehinde, B. A., & Sharma, P. (2021) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130494 · Cited by 136
Miranda, A., Akpobolokemi, T., Chung, E., Ren, G., & Raimi‐Abraham, B. T. (2022) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics11111592 · Cited by 108
Use of spinach powder as functional ingredient in the manufacture of UF-Soft cheese
El-Sayed, S. M. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03278 · Cited by 99
Metadata
- Authors
- Roberts, J. L., & Moreau, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roberts, Joseph L.
- Venue
- Food & Function
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3337-3353
- ISSN
- 2042-6496 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-650X
- OpenAlex
- W2471377492
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food & Function (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food Science and Nutritional Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Seed and Plant Biochemistry
- Keywords
- spinach, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, functional foods, leafy vegetables, reactive oxygen species scavenging, oxidative damage, gene expression modulation, satiety hormones, food intake regulation, anticancer activity, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic activity, hypolipidemic activity, glycolipids, thylakoids, antioxidant defense, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Anticholesteremic Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Antioxidants, Cells, Cultured, Glycolipids, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Spinacia oleracea, Anti-Obesity Agents, Thylakoids, Cell Proliferation, Functional Food, Phytochemicals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
