Investigation of the dinuclear effect of aluminum complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone

Hsu, Chiao-Yin; Tseng, Hsi-Ching; Vandavasi, Jaya Kishore; Lu, Wei-Yi; Wang, Li-Fang; Chiang, Michael Y.; Lai, Yi-Chun; Chen, Hsing-Yin; Chen, Hsuan-Ying

doi:10.1039/c7ra02136d

Cited by 20biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesOrganometallic Complex Synthesis and CatalysisCarbon dioxide utilization in catalysis

Investigation of the dinuclear effect of aluminum complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone

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Hsu, Chiao-Yin, Tseng, Hsi-Ching, Vandavasi, Jaya Kishore, Lu, Wei-Yi, Wang, Li-Fang, Chiang, Michael Y., Lai, Yi-Chun, Chen, Hsing-Yin +1 more·2017·RSC Advances

DOI 10.1039/c7ra02136d

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Abstract

Al complexes bearing hydrazine-bridging Schiff base ligands showed the best catalytic activity, approximately 3- to 11-fold higher than that of dinuclear Al complexes bearing Salen ligands and mononuclear Al complexes bearing Schiff base ligands.

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If catalytic metal centers are too far apart, and the ligands connecting them can have resonance, their positive charge properties affect each other and affect the catalytic polymerization reaction in the same manner that electron-withdrawing groups do.
“If the catalytic metal centers are too far apart, and the ligands connecting the catalytic metal centers can have resonance, their positive charge properties affect each other and thus affect the catalytic polymerization reaction in the same manner that electron-withdrawing groups do.”
From Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
An electron-deficient metal center is regarded as an electron-withdrawing group for another metal center and enhances the catalytic activity of a multinuclear metal catalyst.
“An electron-deficient metal center is regarded as an electronwithdrawing group for other metal center and enhances the catalytic activity of multinuclear metal catalyst.”
From Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
The Conclusions (section 3; page unavailable) report greater catalytic activity for a dinuclear aluminum complex and describe cooperation between its two Al centers. But section 2.2 identifies a hydrazine group—not an electron-deficient metal center—as the electron-withdrawing group. The paper does not support the claimed metal-to-metal electron-withdrawing mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Multinuclear metal catalyst systems can be based on one of two types of mechanisms: cooperative processing of coordination-insertion reaction by metal centers, or electronic (inductive) effect.
“Multinuclear metal catalyst systems can be based on one of two types of mechanisms.”
From Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
The Introduction describes a cooperative coordination–insertion mechanism involving two aluminum centers, and Section 2.4 examines that mechanism for a dinuclear catalyst. Section 2.2 discusses an electron-withdrawing ligand effect on mononuclear aluminum complexes, but the paper does not identify that effect as a second mechanism for multinuclear systems or classify such systems into two types. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Dinuclear complex 15 bearing hydrazine-bridging Schiff base exhibited the best catalytic activity of CL polymerization when compared to dinuclear complexes 17 and 19 because it had the shortest Al-Al distance (2.83 Å from DFT results).
“Dinuclear complex 15 bearing hydrazine-bridging Schiff base exhibited the best catalytic activity of CL polymerization when compared to dinuclear complexes 17 and 19 because it had the shortest Al-Al distance (2.83 Å from density functional theory [DFT] results).”
From Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers (2023) · cites this paper as [61]
Section 3 (Conclusions; page not provided) reports that the hydrazine-bridged dinuclear Al complex had the highest catalytic activity for CL polymerization. Section 2.4 (page not provided) gives a DFT-calculated Al–Al distance of 2.83 Å for that catalyst, but does not compare its distance with those of the other complexes or establish that the distance caused its higher activity. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Complex 15 also demonstrated higher catalytic activity than did mononuclear complexes 16, 18, and 20 because of the cooperative effect proved by the DFT mechanistic study.
“Complex 15 also demonstrated higher catalytic activity than did mononuclear complexes 16, 18, and 20 because of the cooperative effect proved by the DFT mechanistic study as shown in Fig. 10.”
From Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers (2023) · cites this paper as [61]
The Polymerization results (§2.2) and Conclusions (§3) report that the dinuclear complex designated (1) had higher catalytic activity than the mononuclear Schiff-base complexes. The DFT discussion (§2.4) supports a cooperative mechanism, but it does not prove that cooperation caused the activity difference; this paper also does not use the cited numbering 15, 16, 18, and 20. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

The reason that complex 17 exhibited greater catalytic activity than complex 19 is due to steric bulky substances hinder the interaction between the two Al centers.
“In addition, the reason that complex 17 exhibited greater catalytic activity than complex 19 is due to steric bulky substances hinder the interaction between the two Al centers.”
From Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers (2023) · cites this paper as [61]
Section 2.2 reports lower catalytic activity for the bulkier dinuclear Al complex and suggests that its ligand may block cooperation between the two Al centers. The citing sentence presents this proposed explanation as a definite cause; our copy also labels the complexes differently and does not establish which are 17 and 19. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
This result is consistent with previous reports and also proved that the distance between the two metals was the key determinant of whether the cooperative effect occurred.
“This result is consistent with previous reports [56,61] and also proved that the distance between the two metals was the key determinant of whether the cooperative effect occurred.”
From Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers (2023) · cites this paper as [61]
The Introduction says an Al–Al distance of 2.8–3.0 Å could enable cooperative activation, and §2.4 reports a 2.83 Å distance in the modeled catalyst. But the paper does not prove that metal–metal distance is the key determinant of whether cooperation occurs; its Conclusions also suggest that steric repulsion may reduce cooperative activation. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The activation free energy of alkoxide insertion to carbonyl group of CL (b→c) was 19.2 kcal mol−1, which was in good agreement with the experimental activation free energy (18.7 kcal mol−1).
“The activation free energy of alkoxide insertion to carbonyl group of CL (b ?c) was 19.2 kcal mol À1 that was in good agreement with the experimental activation free energy (18.7 kcal mol À1 ).”
From Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers (2023) · cites this paper as [61]

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Synergy effect of aluminum complexes during the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone: Inductive effects between dinuclear metal catalysts
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Authors: Hsu, C.-Y., Tseng, H.-C., Vandavasi, J. K., Lu, W.-Y., Wang, L.-F., Chiang, M. Y., Lai, Y.-C., Chen, H.-Y., & Chen, H.-Y.
Affiliations: Kaohsiung Medical University (TW)
University of Ottawa (CA)
National Sun Yat-sen University (TW)
Corresponding author: Chen, Hsing-Yin
Chen, Hsuan-Ying
ORCID: Vandavasi, Jaya Kishore
Wang, Li-Fang
Chen, Hsing-Yin
Chen, Hsuan-Ying
Venue: RSC Advances
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Published: 2017
Volume: 7
Issue: 31
Pages: 18851-18860
ISSN: 2046-2069 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02136d
OpenAlex: W2603338134
Cited by: 20
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 0.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: RSC Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: Kaohsiung Medical University (105-I004, KMU-DT105009)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (105-2113-M-037-007)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
Keywords: aluminum complexes, ring-opening polymerization, ε-caprolactone, Schiff base ligands, salen ligands, polymerization catalysts, catalytic activity

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Investigation of the dinuclear effect of aluminum complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone

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