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Acoustophoretic Liquefaction for 3D Printing Ultrahigh‐Viscosity Nanoparticle Suspensions

Liu, Z., Pan, W., Wang, K., Matia, Y., Xu, A., Barreiros, J. A. L., Darkes‐Burkey, C., Giannelis, E. P., Mengüç, Y., Shepherd, R. F., et al. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202106183 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Skin-inspired self-healing semiconductive touch panel based on novel transparent stretchable hydrogels

Guo, X., Yang, F., Liu, W., Han, C., Bai, Y., Sun, X., Hao, L., Jiao, W., & Wang, R. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d1ta01892b · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Programmable Auxeticity in Hydrogel Metamaterials via Shape‐Morphing Unit Cells

Skarsetz, O., Slesarenko, V., & Walther, A. (2022) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202201867 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Multi-thermo responsive double network composite hydrogel for 3D printing medical hydrogel mask

Bauman, L. A., & Zhao, B. (2023) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.021 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Material Design for Enhancing Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composites for Target Applications

Shinde, V. V., Wang, Y., Salek, M. F., Auad, M. L., Beckingham, L. E., & Beckingham, B. S. (2022) · Technologies · doi:10.3390/technologies10020045 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Three-Dimensional Printing Strategies for Enhanced Hydrogel Applications

Omidian, H., & Mfoafo, K. A. (2024) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels10040220 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Long-Fiber Embedded Hydrogel 3D Printing for Structural Reinforcement

Sun, W., Tashman, J. W., Shiwarski, D. J., Feinberg, A. W., & Webster‐Wood, V. A. (2021) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00908 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Conformal Bioadhesive Hydrogel‐Based Multimodal Wristband for Accurate, Mobile, and Real‐Time Sign Language Translation and Human‐Machine Interactions

Xiao, M., Luo, Y., Chen, H., Wang, H., Yao, D., Wang, D., Pan, Y., Zha, B., Yu, Q., Xie, R., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202522153 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Reprogrammable, light-driven and sensing actuators based on Chinese ink composite: A synergetic use of shape-memory and self-healing strategies

Lin, J., Zhou, P., Chen, Q., Zhang, W., Luo, Z., & Chen, L. (2022) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2022.131776 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

4D-Printed Hydrogel Actuators through Diffusion-Path Architecture Design

Pruksawan, S., Lin, Z., Lee, Y. L., Chee, H. L., & Wang, F. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c10112 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Morph-genetic bamboo-reinforced hydrogel complex for bio-mimetic actuator

Chen, L., Zhang, K., Ahn, J., Wang, F., Sun, Y., Lee, J., Lee, J.-Y., Ma, C., Zhao, H., Duan, G., et al. (2023) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.142391 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

One-pot ternary sequential reactions for photopatterned gradient multimaterials

Huang, S., Adelmund, S. M., Pichumani, P. S., Schwartz, J. J., Mengüç, Y., Shusteff, M., & Wallin, T. J. (2023) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2023.05.040 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Application of 4D printing and AI to cardiovascular devices

Faruque, M. O., Lee, Y., Wyckoff, G. J., & Lee, C. H. (2023) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104162 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Programmable materials: Current trends, challenges, and perspectives

Scalet, G. (2024) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102372 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Emerging Applications of Smart Hydrogel Nanocomposites in 3D Printing

Heidari, M., Shahi, F., Afshar, H., Nobre, M. A. L., Dawi, E. A., & Khonakdar, H. A. (2024) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.70021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The effect of photolatent catalysts on the exchange kinetics of dual-wavelength 3D printable and photopatternable thiol-click vitrimers

Rossegger, E., Shaukat, U., Moazzen, K., Fleisch, M., Berer, M., & Schlögl, S. (2023) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d3py00333g · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Bio-Inspired Bicomponent Fiber with Multistimuli Response to Infrared Light and Humidity for Smart Actuators

Zheng, Q., Jiang, Z., Xu, X., Xu, C., Zhu, M., Chen, C., & Fu, F. (2021) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.1c00335 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Application of 4D printing and bioprinting in cardiovascular tissue engineering

Zhou, Z., Tang, W., Yang, J., & Fan, C. (2023) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d3bm00312d · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Direct-Ink Write 3D Printing Multistimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Post-Functionalization Via Disulfide Exchange

Fellin, C. R., & Nelson, A. (2022) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.1c01538 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

3D printable and stretchable PVA‐PAAm dual network hydrogel with conductivities for wearable sensors

Wei, F., Duan, T., Yao, L., & Yang, W. (2022) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.53468 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Recent advances in 4D printing of hydrogels

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4D printing chemical stimuli-responsive hydrogels for tissue engineering and localized drug delivery applications – part 2

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4D-Printed Elution-Peak-Guided Dual-Responsive Monolithic Packing for the Solid-Phase Extraction of Metal Ions

Tsai, W.-H., & Su, C. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04961 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Soft Actuator Based on Metal/Hydrogel Nanocomposites with Anisotropic Structure

Gao, Y., Zhao, X., Han, X., Wang, P., & Zheng, W. J. (2021) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.202100117 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Smart polymers for 3D printing applications: current status and future outlook

Singh, N., Sinha, P., Sinha, D. K., & Banerjee, S. (2025) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5py00741k · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Development of Hydrogels Fabricated via Stereolithography for Bioengineering Applications

Jeon, Y., Kim, M., & Song, K. H. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17060765 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

4D-printed needle panel meters coupled with enzymatic derivatization for reading urea and glucose concentrations in biological samples

Wu, C., Su, Y.-T., & Su, C. (2023) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2023.115500 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Insight into constitutive theories of 4D printed polymer materials: a review

Rodriguez-Morales, J. A., Duan, H., Gu, J., Zeng, H., & Sun, H. (2024) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ad523c · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Photocuring 3D printable self-healing polymers

Zhu, J., Chen, J., An, Z., Kankala, R. K., Chen, A., Wang, S., & Li, Y. (2023) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112471 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Programmable Hydrogel-Based Soft Robotics via Encoded Building Block Design

Pruksawan, S., Chua, Z. A., Chong, Y. T., & Wang, F. (2024) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act13100383 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Solvent-triggered shape change in gradient-based 4D printed bilayers: case study on semi-crystalline polymer networks

Bonetti, L., Cobianchi, A., Natali, D., Pandini, S., Messori, M., Toselli, M., & Scalet, G. (2024) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/d4sm00304g · Cited by 10 · see citing works

A highly conductive, robust, self-healable, and thermally responsive liquid metal-based hydrogel for reversible electrical switches

Lee, J. H., Hyun, J. E., Kim, J.-S., Yang, J., Zhang, H., Ahn, H., Lee, S., Kim, J. H., & Lim, T. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb00209a · Cited by 10 · see citing works

pH-responsive anisotropic hydrogels: A mini review from fabrication to simulation

Li, B. J., Guo, M., Xue, P., Yang, M., Liu, G., & Wang, X. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116697 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

3D Printed Hydrogels for Soft Robotic Applications

Wu, K., Xiao, J., Li, J., & Wang, Y. (2025) · JOURNAL OF POLYMER MATERIALS · doi:10.32604/jpm.2025.065269 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Multiresponsive Microgels: Toward an Independent Tuning of Swelling and Surface Properties

Guerron, A., & Giasson, S. (2021) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01269 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Bioinspired Morphing Mechanisms for Soft Systems: A Review

Rabaux, O., & Jérôme, C. (2024) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202400331 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Multi-material digital light processing 4D printed soft actuator for controlled multi-modal deformation

Zhang, H., Huang, S. T., Zhang, Y., Qian, Z., Sheng, J., Zhang, J., Agyenim-Boateng, E., Zhu, M., & Zhou, J. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.162877 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

From 3D to 6D bioprinting: emerging additive manufacturing technologies for biomedical applications

Derhambakhsh, S., Salehi, N., Changizi, S., & Solati‐Hashjin, M. (2025) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-605x/ae3043 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

A constitutive model for predicting the time-dependent behavior of multi-material 4D printed structures

Manikandan, N., & Rajesh, P. K. (2023) · Progress in Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s40964-023-00408-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Hydrogel actuators: from building blocks selection, anisotropic structures design to multifunctional applications

Li, X., Li, L., Liu, X., & Hu, Y. (2025) · Soft Science · doi:10.20517/ss.2025.47 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Anisotropic Responsive Microgels Based on the Cholesteric Phase of Chitin Nanocrystals

Lee, S. R., Reichmanis, E., & Srinivasarao, M. (2021) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00675 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Tuning the thermal response of 3D-printed bilayer hydrogels via architectural control using binary ethanol–water solvent systems

Klincewicz, F., Kalidindi, S., & Korley, L. T. J. (2024) · RSC Applied Polymers · doi:10.1039/d4lp00032c · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Stimuli‐Responsive Smart Materials for Additive Manufacturing

Pinho, A. C., & Piedade, A. P. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9783527835478.ch9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Enhanced thermal response of 3D-printed bilayer hydrogels via nanoclay incorporation

Klincewicz, F., Kalidindi, S., Liu, S., Sangroula, K., & Korley, L. T. J. (2025) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/d5me00018a · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Shape-morphing photo-crosslinked alginate hydrogels via digital light processing 4D printing

Habib, M., Liberati, A. F., Nieswic, N., Berthelot, J., Seriket, H., Demoly, F., Tourrette, A., Sharkawi, T., & Blanquer, S. (2025) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2025.103064 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Dual‐Responsive Gradient Structured Actuator via Photopolymerization‐Induced Diffusion

Polat, D. S., Buurman, V. E., Mulder, D. J., & Liu, D. (2024) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202400515 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

A bionic mimosa soft robot based on a multi-responsive PNIPAM-PEGDA hydrogel composition

Yang, W., Wang, X., Teng, X., Qiao, Z., Yu, H., & Yuan, Z. (2024) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/5.0203482 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Conductive supramolecular acrylate hydrogels enabled by quaternized chitosan ionic crosslinking for high-fidelity 3D printing

Bauman, L. A., & Zhao, B. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100702 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Introduction to vat polymerization 3D printing technologies

Yang, W., Zhang, M., Peng, S., Pan, R., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15487-4.00010-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

A Cellulose-Based Dual-Crosslinked Framework with Sensitive Shape and Color Changes in Acid/Alkaline Vapors

Sun, Y., Qian, X., Gou, Y., Zheng, C., & Zhang, F. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16111547 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Programmable Anisotropic Hydrogels: Materials Design, Fabrication Strategies, and Emerging Biointegrated Applications

Gu, Y., Wang, X., Yu, W., Fan, W., Zhu, Z., He, J., Li, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2026) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6c00886 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

4D-printed stimuli-responsive hydrogels modeling and fabrication

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In Situ Evaluation of the Polymer Concentration Distribution of Microphase-Separated Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels by the Microelectrode Technique

Nishimura, T., Guo, H., Kiyama, R., Katsuyama, Y., Gong, J. P., & Kurokawa, T. (2021) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01435 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Actuators: Combining 3D Printing with Electrospinning for Rapid Response and Enhanced Designability of Hydrogel Actuators (Adv. Funct. Mater. 19/2018)

Chen, T., Bakhshi, H., Liu, L., Ji, J., & Agarwal, S. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201870124 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Actuation of Three‐Dimensional‐Printed Nanocolloidal Hydrogel with Structural Anisotropy

Gevorkian, A., Morozova, S. M., Kheiri, S., Khuu, N., Chen, H., Young, E. W. K., Yan, N., & Kumacheva, E. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202010743 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

3D printing hydrogels for actuators: A review

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3D printed hydrogel soft actuators

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Study on temperature and near-infrared driving characteristics of hydrogel actuator fabricated via molding and 3D printing

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